scholarly journals Automatic Generation of Optimized and Synthesizable Hardware Implementation from High-Level Dataflow Programs

VLSI Design ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Jerbi ◽  
Mickaël Raulet ◽  
Olivier Déforges ◽  
Mohamed Abid

In this paper, we introduce the Reconfigurable Video Coding (RVC) standard based on the idea that video processing algorithms can be defined as a library of components that can be updated and standardized separately. MPEG RVC framework aims at providing a unified high-level specification of current MPEG coding technologies using a dataflow language called Cal Actor Language (CAL). CAL is associated with a set of tools to design dataflow applications and to generate hardware and software implementations. Before this work, the existing CAL hardware compilers did not support high-level features of the CAL. After presenting the main notions of the RVC standard, this paper introduces an automatic transformation process that analyses the non-compliant features and makes the required changes in the intermediate representation of the compiler while keeping the same behavior. Finally, the implementation results of the transformation on video and still image decoders are summarized. We show that the obtained results can largely satisfy the real time constraints for an embedded design on FPGA as we obtain a throughput of 73 FPS for MPEG 4 decoder and 34 FPS for coding and decoding process of the LAR coder using a video of CIF image size. This work resolves the main limitation of hardware generation from CAL designs.

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Karim M. A. Ali ◽  
Rabie Ben Atitallah ◽  
Abdessamad Ait El Cadi ◽  
Nizar Fakhfakh ◽  
Jean-Luc Dekeyser

Embedded video applications are now involved in sophisticated transportation systems like autonomous vehicles and driver assistance systems. As silicon capacity increases, the design productivity gap grows up for the current available design tools. Hence, high-level synthesis (HLS) tools emerged in order to reduce that gap by shifting the design efforts to higher abstraction levels. In this paper, we present ViPar as a tool for exploring different video processing architectures at higher design level. First, we proposed a parametrizable parallel architectural model dedicated for video applications. Second, targeting this architectural model, we developed ViPar tool with two main features: (1) An empirical model was introduced to estimate the power consumption based on hardware utilization and operating frequency. In addition to that, we derived the equations for estimating the hardware utilization and execution time for each design point during the space exploration process. (2) By defining the main characteristics of the parallel video architecture like parallelism level, the number of input/output ports, the pixel distribution pattern, and so on, ViPar tool can automatically generate the dedicated architecture for hardware implementation. In the experimental validation, we used ViPar tool to generate automatically an efficient hardware implementation for a Multiwindow Sum of Absolute Difference stereo matching algorithm on Xilinx Zynq ZC706 board. We succeeded to increase the design productivity by converging rapidly to the appropriate designs that fit with our system constraints in terms of power consumption, hardware utilization, and frame execution time.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10) ◽  
pp. 19-33
Author(s):  
Nadiia NOVYTSKA ◽  
◽  
Inna KHLIEBNIKOVA ◽  

The market of tobacco products in Ukraine is one of the most dynamic and competitive. It develops under the influence of certain factors that cause structural changes, therefore, the aim of the article is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of transformation processes in the market of tobacco and their alternatives in Ukraine and identify the factors that cause them. The high level of tax burden and the proliferation of alternative products with a potentially lower risk to human health, including heating tobacco products and e-cigarettes, are key factors in the market’s transformation process. Their presence leads to an increase in illicit turnover of tobacco products, which accounts for 6.37% of the market, and the gradual replacement of cigarettes with alternative products, which account for 12.95%. The presence on the market of products that are not taxed or taxed at lower rates is one of the reasons for the reduction of excise duty revenues. According to the results of 2019, the planned indicators of revenues were not met by 23.5%. Other reasons for non-fulfillment of excise duty revenues include: declining dynamics of the tobacco products market; reduction in the number of smokers; reorientation of «cheap whites» cigarette flows from Ukraine to neighboring countries; tax avoidance. Prospects for further research are identified, namely the need to develop measures for state regulation and optimization of excise duty taxation of tobacco products and their alternatives, taking into account the risks to public health and increasing demand of illegal products.


2019 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 1095-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Garrido Campos ◽  
Juan Sáez López ◽  
José Ignacio Armesto Quiroga ◽  
Angel Manuel Espada Seoane

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Malizia ◽  
Paolo Bottoni ◽  
S. Levialdi

The design and development of a digital library involves different stakeholders, such as: information architects, librarians, and domain experts, who need to agree on a common language to describe, discuss, and negotiate the services the library has to offer. To this end, high-level, language-neutral models have to be devised. Metamodeling techniques favor the definition of domainspecific visual languages through which stakeholders can share their views and directly manipulate representations of the domain entities. This paper describes CRADLE (Cooperative-Relational Approach to Digital Library Environments), a metamodel-based framework and visual language for the definition of notions and services related to the development of digital libraries. A collection of tools allows the automatic generation of several services, defined with the CRADLE visual language, and of the graphical user interfaces providing access to them for the final user. The effectiveness of the approach is illustrated by presenting digital libraries generated with CRADLE, while the CRADLE environment has been evaluated by using the cognitive dimensions framework.


Author(s):  
Maja Radović ◽  
Nenad Petrović ◽  
Milorad Tošić

The requirements of state-of-the-art curricula and teaching processes in medical education have brought both new and improved the existing assessment methods. Recently, several promising methods have emerged, among them the Comprehensive Integrative Puzzle (CIP), which shows great potential. However, the construction of such questions requires high efforts of a team of experts and is time-consuming. Furthermore, despite the fact that English language is accepted as an international language, for educational purposes there is also a need for representing data and knowledge in native language. In this paper, we present an approach for automatic generation of CIP assessment questions based on using ontologies for knowledge representation. In this way, it is possible to provide multilingual support in the teaching and learning process because the same ontological concept can be applied to corresponding language expressions in different languages. The proposed approach shows promising results indicated by dramatic speeding up of construction of CIP questions compared to manual methods. The presented results represent a strong indication that adoption of ontologies for knowledge representation may enable scalability in multilingual domain-specific education regardless of the language used. High level of automation in the assessment process proven on the CIP method in medical education as one of the most challenging domains, promises high potential for new innovative teaching methodologies in other educational domains as well.


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