scholarly journals Antitumor Activities of Kushen: Literature Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingyu Sun ◽  
Hongyan Cao ◽  
Lin Sun ◽  
Shu Dong ◽  
Yanqin Bian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antitumor Agents ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Sophora Flavescens ◽  
Antitumor Activities ◽  
Total Alkaloids ◽  
Significant Toxicity ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use

To discover and develop novel natural compounds with therapeutic selectivity or that can preferentially kill cancer cells without significant toxicity to normal cells is an important area in cancer chemotherapy. Kushen, the dried roots ofSophora flavescensAiton, has a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine to treat inflammatory diseases and cancer. Kushen alkaloids (KS-As) and kushen flavonoids (KS-Fs) are well-characterized components in kushen. KS-As containing oxymatrine, matrine, and total alkaloids have been developed in China as anticancer drugs. More potent antitumor activities were identified in KS-Fs than in KS-Asin vitroandin vivo. KS-Fs may be developed as novel antitumor agents.

scholarly journals Traditional Chinese Medicine for Senile Dementia

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihong Lin ◽  
Jie Gu ◽  
Jin Xiu ◽  
Tingyan Mi ◽  
Jie Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Senile Dementia ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Sinapic Acid ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has a 3000 years' history of human use. A literature survey addressing traditional evidence from human studies was done, with key result that top 10 TCM herb ingredients includingPoria cocos,Radix polygalae,Radix glycyrrhizae,Radix angelica sinensis, andRadix rehmanniaewere prioritized for highest potential benefit to dementia intervention, related to the highest frequency of use in 236 formulae collected from 29 ancient Pharmacopoeias, ancient formula books, or historical archives on ancient renowned TCM doctors, over the past 10 centuries. Based on the history of use, there was strong clinical support thatRadix polygalaeis memory improving. Pharmacological investigation also indicated that all the five ingredients mentioned above can elicit memory-improving effectsin vivoandin vitrovia multiple mechanisms of action, covering estrogen-like, cholinergic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, neurogenetic, and anti-Aβ activities. Furthermore, 11 active principles were identified, including sinapic acid, tenuifolin, isoliquiritigenin, liquiritigenin, glabridin, ferulic acid, Z-ligustilide, N-methyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxamide, coniferyl ferulate and 11-angeloylsenkyunolide F, and catalpol. It can be concluded that TCM has a potential for complementary and alternative role in treating senile dementia. The scientific evidence is being continuously mined to back up the traditional medical wisdom.

The In Vitro and In Vivo Genotoxicity of Benzocaine: A Brief Communication

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Brock ◽  
Thomas A. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Micronucleus Assay ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fda Approval ◽  
History Of ◽  
Good Laboratory ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
Mutation Assay ◽  
Forward Mutation

Benzocaine has a long history of use in human medicine. However, benzocaine also has been used in aquaculture with finfish for more than 40 years for sedating fish for marking, transport, surgery, and so on, although benzocaine does not have a current Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for this application in the United States. As part of a FDA approval for use as an animal drug, the genotoxicity of benzocaine was evaluated in the in vitro bacterial reverse mutation assay and the forward mutation assay and in vivo in the mouse micronucleus assay. These studies were conducted in compliance with Good Laboratory Practice regulations and according to Veterinary International Conference on Harmonisation guidelines. Based on the results of these studies, benzocaine was determined not to be genotoxic.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Improved Anticancer Efficacies of Camptothecin Nano-Formulations: A Systematic Review

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 480
Author(s):  
Maryam Ghanbari-Movahed ◽  
Tea Kaceli ◽  
Arijit Mondal ◽  
Mohammad Hosein Farzaei ◽  
Anupam Bishayee
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Topoisomerase I ◽  
Antitumor Agents ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Antitumor Activities ◽  
Passive Targeting

Camptothecin (CPT), a natural plant alkaloid, has indicated potent antitumor activities via targeting intracellular topoisomerase I. The promise that CPT holds in therapies is restricted through factors that include lactone ring instability and water insolubility, which limits the drug oral solubility and bioavailability in blood plasma. Novel strategies involving CPT pharmacological and low doses combined with nanoparticles have indicated potent anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive and critical evaluation of the anticancer ability of nano-CPT in various cancers as a novel and more efficient natural compound for drug development. Studies were identified through systematic searches of PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. Eligibility checks were performed based on predefined selection criteria. Eighty-two papers were included in this systematic review. There was strong evidence for the association between antitumor activity and CPT treatment. Furthermore, studies indicated that CPT nano-formulations have higher antitumor activity in comparison to free CPT, which results in enhanced efficacy for cancer treatment. The results of our study indicate that CPT nano-formulations are a potent candidate for cancer treatment and may provide further support for the clinical application of natural antitumor agents with passive targeting of tumors in the future.

Strong In Vitro And Vivo Cytotoxicity Of Two Platinum(II) Complexes With Cryptolepine Derivatives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Qin Qin ◽  
Zu-Zhuang Wei ◽  
Lin Yang ◽  
Qi-Pin Qin ◽  
Jia-Jing Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Antitumor Agents ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Antitumor Activities ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Potential Antitumor

Abstract Two mononuclear Pt(II) compounds, [Pt(BQL1)Cl]Cl (BQL1-Pt) and [Pt(BQL2)Cl]Cl (BQL2-Pt) with [5-(benzo[4,5]furo[3,2-b]quinolin-11-yloxy)-pentyl]-bis-pyridin-2-ylmethyl-amine (BQL1) and [9-(benzo[4,5]furo[3,2-b]quinolin-11-yloxy)-nonyl]-bis-pyridin-2-ylmethyl-amine (BQL2), were prepared as new chemotypes for potential antitumor agents. This study evaluated the influence of cryptolepine derivatives in BQL1-Pt, 2,2′-dipicolylamine Pt(II) complex, and BQL2-Pt on cellular Pt(II) accumulation, cytotoxicity, and in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities against T-24 cancer cells and normal HL-7702 cells. BQL1-Pt and BQL2-Pt displayed cytotoxic activities in the micromole range (1.3±0.1 and 0.2±0.2 μM, respectively) on T-24 cancer cells; however, they did not exhibit any toxicity against HL-7702 cells. They triggered T-24 cell apoptosis through a mitochondrial dysfunction pathway. Compared to 2,2′-dipicolylamine, the neutral BQL1 and BQL2 ligands with cryptolepine derivatives increased the planarity and branched chain resulting in BQL1-Pt and BQL2-Pt with favorable antitumor activities. Further, BQL2-Pt effectively inhibited the growth of bladder T-24 tumor in vivo. BQL2-Pt can act as a potential therapeutic candidate for cancer treatment.

scholarly journals Algae as potential repository of anti cancerous natural compounds

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankita Mridha ◽  
Santanu Paul
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Leukemia Cell ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Cancer Cell Growth ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
Promising Source

<p>Algae constitute a promising source of novel compounds with potential as human therapeutic agents. In particular, algae have been considered as a potential source of new bio-active compound. Algae possess several biological activities, including anticancer activity. This review provides a comprehensive report on the several genera of algae belonging to Chlorophyceae, Pheophyceae and Rhodophyceae having anti-proliferative, apoptotic, anti angiogenic as well as cytotoxic efficacy and their mode of action <em>in vitro</em> as well as <em>in vivo</em> condition. Algae are extensively used as functional foods and medicinal herbs, and have a long history of use in Asian countries. Many algae have been used for the treatment of cancer, many crude or partially purified polysaccharides from various brown, green, and red algae have been tested for their antitumor activities. Relevant information was collected from scientific journals, books, and reports via library and electronic search using Medline, Pubmed, Science Direct, and Scopus. The different extracts with some other solvent shows a huge anti-proliferative action on different cancer as well as on different leukemia cell lines. Here we focus on several bioactive compounds that have been derived as well as characterized from different genera of algae and there mechanism of inhibiting cancer cell growth. Considering the ability of the golden treasure present in algae to act against different cancers, this review highlights the potential use of algae as anticancer agents.</p>

scholarly journals In Vivo and In Vitro Anti-Arthritic Effects of Cardenolide-Rich and Caffeoylquinic Acid-Rich Fractions of Periploca forrestii

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Liu ◽  
Xia Wang ◽  
Yan-Ling He ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Li Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Caffeoylquinic Acid ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
History Of Use

Periploca forrestii Schltr. (P. forrestii) is a species used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) known as “Miao medicine”, and has a long history of use in the treatment of rheumatism, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and joint pain. The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-arthritis effects of the cardenolide-rich and caffeoylquinic acid-rich fractions (CDLFs and CQAFs) of P. forrestii in collagen-induced arthritic (CIA) rats, and defined the mechanisms of therapeutic action in MH7A cells treated with TNF-α. Serum rheumatoid factor (RF), TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, PGE2, NO, SOD, and MDA were determined by ELISA or other commercially assay kits. Histopathological changes in ankle joint tissues were examined. The mRNA expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, and iNOS in MH7A cells were measured by qRT-PCR assays. In addition, the expressions of iNOS, COX-2, and p65 proteins, and the phosphorylation of IκBα, p38, ERK1/2, and JNK proteins in MH7A cells were analyzed by Western blot. The results showed that CDLF and CQAF could suppress the paw swelling in CIA rats at different doses (125 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, and 500 mg/kg). Histopathological examination suggests that the CDLF and CQAF significantly relieved the damage of the structure of the ankle joint in CIA rats. In addition, serum RF, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, PGE2, NO, and MDA were decreased, along with increased activity of serum SOD. Furthermore, CDLF and CQAF downregulated the expressions of IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, iNOS, and p65, and inhibited the phosphorylation of IκBα, p38, ERK1/2, and JNK in MH7A cells treated with TNF-α. These findings demonstrated that both CDLF and CQAF exhibited anti-arthritic activity, which might be associated with their inhibitory effects on the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF IN-VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND FIBRINOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF FLAVONOID-RICH FRACTION FROM THE WHOLE PLANT OF WEDELIA CHINENSIS

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Pavithra Srinivasan ◽  
Manibala Jayagopal ◽  
J Ramachandran
Keyword(s):  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
History Of ◽  
Flavonoid Fraction ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
Radical Scavenging Assay

ABSTRACTObjective: The fundamental objective of this research is to evaluate the antioxidant and fibrinolytic properties of whole plant extracts of Wedeliachinensis.Methods: The extract was subjected to maceration process in an incubator for 4 hrs at 150 rotations/minute (rpm), 50°C. The plant material wasleft to macerate for 20 hrs. The in-vitro antioxidant property of the methanolic extract was determined using thin-layer chromatography (TLC)autobiography, 2, 2`- Azino-bis-3 ethyl benzthiazoline-6 sulfonic acid (ABTS), radical scavenging assay, metal chelating, nitric oxide, and superoxide.In-vitro thrombolytic model was performed on flavonoid fraction of W. chinensis.Results: Maximum inhibition was observed in the flavonoid fraction concentration of 20 μg/mL W. chinensis as 75.64% in ABTS radical scavengingactivity, 78.0% in metal chelation, 84.34% innitric oxide radical scavenging activity, and 81.8% in super oxide radical scavenging assay. Clot lysisactivity of W. chinensis was 20.43±0.34, 35.3±1.10, 43.76±0.67, and 63.42±1.65 respectively. Hemolysis rates were <5%.Conclusion: On exhaustive survey on W. chinensis, it was found that this herb has been used for various activities that potentiated the folklore usefor treating mankind. Medicines derived from plant origin will have a long history of use for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Inour study, it was found that the flavonoid fraction of W. chinensis possess antioxidant and thrombolytic properties. However, in vivo clot dissolvingproperties and active component(s) responsible for W. chinensis are yet to be discovered which can be used to treat cardiovascular diseases.Keywords: Antioxidant, Cardiovascular diseases, Fibrinolysis, Hemolytic, Radical scavenging assay, Wedelia chinensis.

Topical antimicrobial therapy with tea tree oil: fact or fantasy

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
TV Riley
Keyword(s):  
Good Evidence ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Tea Tree Oil ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
Topical Antimicrobial

T his paper reviews briefly the evidence that tea tree oil may be suitable as a topical antimicrobial agent. Tea tree oil is the essential oil extracted by steam distillation from the Australian native tree Melaleuca alternifolia. It has a long history of use in Australia, and has emerged as a possible topical antimicrobial because of antimicrobial resistance to conventional agents. The history, production and chemistry of tea tree oil are described. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of tea tree oil has now been reported in numerous papers, and there is good evidence for antibacterial, antifungal and, to a lesser extent, antiviral activity. What is lacking is sufficient numbers of clinical trials to verify this efficacy in vivo. Tea tree oil is only safe to use as a topical agent and although skin sensitivity has been a concern, the evidence for this is not strong. However, long-term usage studies are still required. Based on the published data, tea tree oil may prove to be a very useful topical antimicrobial and there is a role for infection control practitioners in the validation of its use in clinical practice.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel series of glycosylated platinum(iv) complexes as antitumor agents

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (25) ◽  
pp. 10366-10374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingpeng Wang ◽  
Zhonglv Huang ◽  
Jing Ma ◽  
Xiaolin Lu ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antitumor Agents ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Antitumor Activities ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Synthesis And Biological Evaluation

A new series of glycosylated Pt(iv) complexes were designed, synthesized and evaluated for antitumor activities in vitro and in vivo.

Naproxen platinum(iv) hybrids inhibiting cycloxygenases and matrix metalloproteinases and causing DNA damage: synthesis and biological evaluation as antitumor agents in vitro and in vivo

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (16) ◽  
pp. 5192-5204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Chen ◽  
Qingpeng Wang ◽  
Zuojie Li ◽  
Zhifang Liu ◽  
Yanna Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Antitumor Agents ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Antitumor Activities ◽  
Synthesis And Biological Evaluation

Naproxen platinum(iv) hybrids display effective antitumor activities by inhibiting cycloxygenases and matrix metalloproteinases and by causing DNA damage.

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