scholarly journals A 3D Visualization Method for Bladder Filling Examination Based on EIT

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei He ◽  
Peng Ran ◽  
Zheng Xu ◽  
Bing Li ◽  
Song-nong Li
Keyword(s):  
3D Visualization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electrode Array ◽  
Human Bladder ◽  
Impedance Tomography ◽  
Regularization Algorithm ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
2D Imaging ◽  
Medical Examinations

As the researches of electric impedance tomography (EIT) applications in medical examinations deepen, we attempt to produce the visualization of 3D images of human bladder. In this paper, a planar electrode array system will be introduced as the measuring platform and a series of feasible methods are proposed to evaluate the simulated volume of bladder to avoid overfilling. The combined regularization algorithm enhances the spatial resolution and presents distinguishable sketch of disturbances from the background, which provides us with reliable data from inverse problem to carry on to the three-dimensional reconstruction. By detecting the edge elements and tracking down the lost information, we extract quantitative morphological features of the object from the noises and background. Preliminary measurements were conducted and the results showed that the proposed algorithm overcomes the defects of holes, protrusions, and debris in reconstruction. In addition, the targets' location in space and roughly volume could be calculated according to the grid of finite element of the model, and this feature was never achievable for the previous 2D imaging.

Nanostructure in Traditional Composites of Natural Rubber and Reinforcing Silica

2007 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 690-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Kato ◽  
Shinzo Kohjiya ◽  
Yuko Ikeda
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Electron Tomography ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Filler Dispersion

Abstract Usual rubber products are a composite from rubber and nano-filler (e.g. silica, carbon black, etc.), and it is believed that the good dispersion of the nano-filler is the most important issue determining the performance of rubber vulcanizates. So far, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been the most useful tool for evaluation of the dispersion. However, it affords images of the sample projected on an x, y-plane, and the information along the thickness (z-axis) direction is missing. Three-dimensional (3D) visualization of nanometer structure of nano-filler dispersion in a rubber matrix is what all rubber technologists have been dreaming of. This dream is at last realized, and described in this paper. Use of TEM combined with computerized tomography (abbreviated as 3D-TEM in this paper, which is sometimes called electron tomography) enabled us to reconstruct 3D images of nano-filler (silica or carbon black) aggregates in rubbery matrix. It is said that nano-filler aggregate is a structure of size from 10 nm to 1000 nm, and agglomerate is an even larger structure. The 3D-TEM results on silica aggregates in natural rubber were presented in this paper. Silica aggregates were characterized by combining the 3D images of the vulcanizates. Furthermore, density of silica loaded natural rubber as an example of physical properties, was measured, and explained by the structure elucidated by 3D-TEM.

Three-Dimensional Morphology of Carbon Black in NR Vulcanizates as Revealed by 3D-Tem and Dielectric Measurements

2006 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Kato ◽  
Junichi Shimanuki ◽  
Shinzo Kohjiya ◽  
Yuko Ikeda
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Electron Tomography ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Transmission Electron

Abstract Usual rubber products are a composite from rubber and nano-filler (e.g. carbon black, silica, etc.), and it is believed that the good dispersion of the nano-filler is the most important issue determining the performance of rubber vulcanizates. So far, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been the most useful tool for evaluation of the dispersion. However, it affords images of the sample projected on an x, y-plane, and the information along the thickness (z-axis) direction is missing. Three-dimensional (3D) visualization of nanometer structure of nano-filler dispersion in a rubber matrix is what all rubber technologists have been dreaming of. This dream is at last realized, and described in this paper. Use of TEM combined with computerized tomography (abbreviated as 3D-TEM in this paper, which is sometimes called electron tomography) enabled us to reconstruct 3D images of nano-filler aggregates in rubbery matrix. The 3D-TEM results on carbon black in natural rubber were presented in this paper. The network structure formed by agglomeration of carbon black aggregates was elucidated by combining the 3D images and physical properties of the vulcanizates. Density, electrical resistivity and dielectric relaxation of carbon black loaded natural rubber as an example of physical properties, were measured, and explained by the structure elucidated by 3D-TEM. This technique will prove to be more and more important for the rational design of the nano-composites of rubbery matrix.

3D Visualization of Maize Stem by MRI Technology

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (S2) ◽  
pp. 100-101
Author(s):  
P. C. Cheng ◽  
J. H. Chen ◽  
S. C. Hwang ◽  
C. K. Sun ◽  
D. B. Walden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Spin Echo ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Slice Thickness ◽  
Volumetric Imaging ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
Imaging Artifact

Recent development in confocal and multi-photon microscopy allows 3D imaging of plant tissue in high resolution. However, other than physical sectioning, macroscopical study of plant organs in 3D remains a difficult task. Among various available technologies for macroscopical imaging (e.g., Xray macro-tomography, optical coherent tomography and MRI), MRI is an ideal choice for its contrasting modality in volumetric imaging of soft tissues. A 3T Biospect MRI system (Brucker, Germany)(FIG 1) equipped with a 6cm inner diameter micro-quadrature coil (FIG 2) for RF transmission and reception of MRI signals was used in this study. Spin echo based RARE sequence was used to obtain T2 weighted images with TR/TE = 3160.5/58.5ms and field-of-view of 1.67cm × 1.67cm (256 × 256 pixels) at a slice thickness of 0.8mm. This corresponds to a voxel size of 65 × 65 × 800μm. Data was obtained within 1/2 hour with number-of-excitations (nex) set at 16. Figure 4 (a-x) shows a series of MRI sections through a stem node (the node below the main ear insertion) from field-grown maize (Zea mays, van Odyssey sweet corn). The stem was fixed in 1:3 EtOH/acetic acid, washed thoroughly in water prior to imaging. Air bubbles trapped in the tissue were removed by vacuuming, to avoid imaging artifact due to low magnetic susceptibility of air. Figure 5 (a-g) shows reconstructed longitudinal sections. Three-dimensional reconstruction (FIG. 3) was performed by using Vaytek VoxBlast™ and AutoQuant’s AutoVisulize 3D™ software. in combination with image segmentation and tracing tools, the MRI technology will greatly enhance our capability in the understanding of vascular architecture and its development in plants.

Three-dimensional reconstruction of gene expression patterns during cardiac development

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre T. Soufan ◽  
Jan M. Ruijter ◽  
Maurice J. B. van den Hoff ◽  
Piet A. J. de Boer ◽  
Jaco Hagoort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Cardiac Development ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Specific Staining ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction

The study of the genetic regulation of embryonic development requires the three-dimensional (3D) mapping of gene expression at the microscopic level. Despite the recent burst in the number of methods focusing on 3D reconstruction of embryonic specimens, an adequate and accessible 3D reconstruction protocol for the visualization of patterns of gene expression is lacking. In this communication we describe a protocol that was developed for the 3D visualization of patterns of gene expression determined by in situ hybridization (ISH) on serial sections. The method still requires tissue sectioning, due to penetration limits of the specific staining agents into whole embryo preparations. With regard to expenditure of resources, i.e., hardware, software, and time, the protocol is relatively undemanding. Because the variation between specimens requires the visualization of multiple specimens per stage, it was decided to “do more, less well.” The current protocol, therefore, results in reconstructions of sufficient, but not the highest, quality. The use of the protocol is demonstrated on a series of serially sectioned mouse hearts, ranging from embryonic day 8.5 to 14.5. The myocardium of the hearts was identified by ISH using a mixture of specific mRNA probes and reconstructed.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI KEBERADAAN BENDA ASING PADA AREA PENGUKURAN TOMOGRAFI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODA ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE TOMOGRAPHY (EIT) BERBASIS LABVIEW

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Endang Wijaya ◽  
Sastra Kusuma Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Impedance Tomography ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Impedance Tomography ◽  
Boundary Area ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Foreign Objects ◽  
3D Image Reconstruction

ABSTRACTEIT (Electrical Impedance Tomography) is one of several tomographic methods to estimate impedance distribution in a domain based on the measurement of a boundary area in a certain area. This method is widely used to observe the presence and growth of foreign matter in the area observed, such as cancer in the breast.In this study an instrument was designed to identify the presence and geometry of foreign objects, which were placed in the area of tomography measurement (phantom) in the form of three-dimensional (3D) images, Data acquisition instrument uses NI USB 6351 and LabVIEW (hard & software), with l testing and analysis of 3D image reconstruction using a modeling algorithm "n3r2",The test results can be concluded that the EIT instrument model is able to detect the presence and location of test samples placed in the tomography measurement area (phantom), although 3D images that appear to be unrepresentative illustrate the geometry of the test sample. This is due to an error in the data generated by three (3), namely S0-S1, S1-S2, and S31-S.Keysword : Method, EIT, LabView, 3D, algoritm”n3r2”ABSTRAKEIT (Electrical Impedance Tomography) adalah satu diantara beberapa metode tomografi untuk memperkirakan distribusi impedansi dalam suatu domain berdasarkan pengukuran daerah batas di tertentu. Metode ini banyak digunakan untuk mengamati keberadaan dan pertumbuhan benda asing pada daerah yang diamati, seperti kanker pada payudara.Dalam penelitian ini dirancang instrumen untuk mengidentifikasi keberadaan dan bentuk geometri benda asing, yang diletakkan pada daerah pengukuran tomografi (phantom) dalam bentuk gambar tiga dimensi (3D), Instrument akuisisi data menggunakan NI USB 6351 dan LabVIEW (hard & software),dengan l pengujian dan analisis rekonstruksi gambar 3D menggunakan dengan pemodelan algoritma “n3r2”,Hasil pengujian dapat disimpulkan bahwa model instrumen EIT mampu mendeteksi keberadaan dan lokasi sampel uji yang diletakkan`di dalam area pengukuran tomografi (phantom), meskipun gambar 3D yang nampak belum representatif menggambarkan bentuk geometri dari sampel uji. Hal ini disebabkan adanya kesalahan data yang dihasilkan oleh tiga (3) yaitu S0-S1, S1-S2, dan S31-S0.Kata kunci: Metode, EIT, LabView, 3D, algoritma”n3r2”

scholarly journals Estimation of Forensic Sex Based on Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Skull in Korean: Non-metric Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Yun Taek Shim ◽  
Ye Hwon Jeong ◽  
Yi-Suk Kim ◽  
Nahyun Aum ◽  
Seung Gyu Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Slice Thickness ◽  
Sex Estimation ◽  
3D Image ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction

This study performed the forensic anthropological sex estimation of Koreans in a non-metric way by reconstructing three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) images of skulls. The skull CT images used in this study were 100 (51 males, 49 females), and all CT images were taken with a slice thickness of 0.75 mm and then reconstructed into 3D images using the MIMICS 23.0 program. Using the reconstructed 3D image, measurements were repeated twice. The sex determination was male if the 4 point to 5 point was relatively more in five landmarks, and female if the points of 1 to 2 were relatively more. Results of the study show that, 88 of the 100 cases matched the actual sex. Among the 12 discrepant cases, ten cases were mismatched with the actual sex even though the estimation and repeated estimation readout of sexestimating were the same. Two cases, were “unknown,” showing different sexes in the first and repeated estimations. In conclusion, this study indicated that a forensic anthropological analysis from 3D images provided accurate point information on the landmarks of skulls, showing as high an accuracy as the sex estimation method using real bones. The ten cases of sex mismatch, except the two “Unknown” cases, are considered to be errors that did not consider differences in population groups. In further studies, further establishing a nonmetric, specifically Korean methods to increase the accuracy and reliability of sex estimation is need.

Real-Time 3D Space Coordinate Acquisition of Medical Visualization Data

2010 ◽  
Vol 44-47 ◽  
pp. 3534-3537
Author(s):  
Zhan Li Hu ◽  
Jian Bao Gui ◽  
Jing Zou ◽  
Jun Yan Rong ◽  
Qi Yang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Medical Images ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Medical Visualization ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
3D Space

Medical visualization refers to the techniques and processes used to create images of the human body for clinical purposes or medical science including the study of normal anatomy and physiology. The visualization of medical images data sets is to reconstruct 3D images with the 2D slice images so as to reveal the 3D configuration of organs through human visual system. Visual C++ are used to reconstruct 3D images using the CT slice sequence. The key algorithms and human CT 3D visualization results are given in this paper. The coordinates can be acquired by the mouse clicking in the 3D space, by which to realize the point coordinate acquisition of the 3D medicine images. The visualization of medical images can provide us with more information and means of visual interactive for simulated operations and assistant diagnosis. The technique can realize the real time interaction quantitative measurement of three-dimensional CT image.

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Using Stereo Pairs from Serial Thick Sections

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 562-563
Author(s):  
Robert Glaeser ◽  
Thomas Bauer ◽  
David Grano
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Stereo Imagery ◽  
Whole Mounts

In transmission electron microscopy, the 3-dimensional structure of an object is usually obtained in one of two ways. For objects which can be included in one specimen, as for example with elements included in freeze- dried whole mounts and examined with a high voltage microscope, stereo pairs can be obtained which exhibit the 3-D structure of the element. For objects which can not be included in one specimen, the 3-D shape is obtained by reconstruction from serial sections. However, without stereo imagery, only detail which remains constant within the thickness of the section can be used in the reconstruction; consequently, the choice is between a low resolution reconstruction using a few thick sections and a better resolution reconstruction using many thin sections, generally a tedious chore. This paper describes an approach to 3-D reconstruction which uses stereo images of serial thick sections to reconstruct an object including detail which changes within the depth of an individual thick section.

3-D reconstruction of molecular shape from microcrystal thin sections

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 748-749
Author(s):  
S. Cusack ◽  
J.-C. Jésior
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Molecular Shape ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Fourier Space ◽  
Single Particles ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction

Three-dimensional reconstruction techniques using electron microscopy have been principally developed for application to 2-D arrays (i.e. monolayers) of biological molecules and symmetrical single particles (e.g. helical viruses). However many biological molecules that crystallise form multilayered microcrystals which are unsuitable for study by either the standard methods of 3-D reconstruction or, because of their size, by X-ray crystallography. The grid sectioning technique enables a number of different projections of such microcrystals to be obtained in well defined directions (e.g. parallel to crystal axes) and poses the problem of how best these projections can be used to reconstruct the packing and shape of the molecules forming the microcrystal.Given sufficient projections there may be enough information to do a crystallographic reconstruction in Fourier space. We however have considered the situation where only a limited number of projections are available, as for example in the case of catalase platelets where three orthogonal and two diagonal projections have been obtained (Fig. 1).

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