scholarly journals Risk Factors Associated with False Positive HIV Test Results in a Low-Risk Urban Obstetric Population

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara T. Chao ◽  
Jeanne S. Sheffield ◽  
George D. Wendel ◽  
M. Qasim Ansari ◽  
Donald D. McIntire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Obstetric Population

Increases in both HIV and syphilis among men who have sex with men in Vietnam: Urgent need for comprehensive responses

2021 ◽  
pp. 095646242110364
Author(s):  
Thuong V Nguyen ◽  
Hau P Tran ◽  
Nghia V Khuu ◽  
Phuc D Nguyen ◽  
Tu N Le ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Syphilis Infection ◽  
Early Sexual Debut ◽  
Sti Prevention ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Sex With Men

The objective of this study was to determine the temporal trends and factors associated with HIV and syphilis infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) in southern Vietnam. Data from the 2014–2018 national HIV sentinel surveillance of MSM aged 16 years or older were collected from three provinces, including An Giang ( N = 761), Can Tho ( N = 900), and Ho Chi Minh City ( N = 1426), and examined for changes in prevalence rates of HIV and syphilis and risk behaviors over time. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess the trends and correlates of HIV and syphilis infections among MSM. There were upward trends for HIV (9.5% in 2014 to 14.2% in 2018, p-trend<0.01), syphilis (4.9% in 2014 to 8.0% 2018, p-trend<0.01), and HIV/syphilis co-infection (1.9% in 2014 to 3.1% in 2018, p-trend=0.01). Factors associated with HIV infection included place of residence, early sexual debut, consistent condom use and not engaging in anal sex during the past month, not knowing one’s HIV test results, having ever injected drugs, and having active syphilis. Additionally, early sexual debut and being HIV positive were associated with syphilis infection. Rising prevalences of these infections among MSM suggests an urgent need for comprehensive intervention packages for HIV/STI prevention.

scholarly journals Potential for false positive HIV test results with the serial rapid HIV testing algorithm

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Baveewo ◽  
Moses R Kamya ◽  
Harriet Mayanja-Kizza ◽  
Robin Fatch ◽  
David R Bangsberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Rapid Hiv Testing ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Testing Algorithm

scholarly journals Bortezomib administration is a risk factor associated with the development of tumor lysis syndrome in male patients with multiple myeloma: A retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Kondo ◽  
Yuji Hotta ◽  
Karen Yamauchi ◽  
Akimasa Sanagawa ◽  
Hirokazu Komatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Tumor Lysis Syndrome ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Novel Therapies ◽  
Tumor Lysis ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Male Patients

Abstract Background: Novel agents such as proteasome inhibitors have been developed for several years to treat multiple myeloma. Although multiple myeloma is a low-risk disease for developing tumor lysis syndrome (TLS), treatment with these novel therapies might increase TLS risk. Previous studies, mostly case reports or case series, have reported bortezomib-induced TLS in patients with multiple myeloma. This study aimed to investigate risk factors associated with TLS development in multiple myeloma patients.Methods: We retrospectively investigated incidences of laboratory and clinical TLS (LTLS and CTLS, respectively) in patients who received primary therapy for treatment-naive, symptomatic multiple myeloma between May 2007 and January 2018. We used multivariate logistic regression analyses to evaluate the associations between TLS and several parameters previously reported to be associated with increased risk.Results: This study included 210 patients with multiple myeloma, of which ten (4.8%) had LTLS and seven (3.3%) had CTLS. The characteristics of the administered anticancer or prophylactic antihyperuricemic agents were similar between patients with and without TLS. Multivariate analyses revealed that TLS was most strongly associated with bortezomib-containing therapy (odds ratio = 3.40, P = 0.069), followed by male sex (odds ratio = 2.29, P = 0.153). In a subgroup analysis focused on men, treatment with bortezomib-containing therapy was significantly associated with increased risk of TLS (odds ratio = 8.51, P = 0.046).Conclusion: In the present study, we investigated the risk factors associated with TLS development in 210 multiple myeloma patients, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the largest number of patients reported to date. Furthermore, this study is the first to evaluate TLS risk factors in MM by adjusting for the effects of potential confounding factors in patients’ backgrounds. Consequently, we found that bortezomib-containing therapy increases the risk of TLS in male patients with multiple myeloma. TLS risk should be evaluated further in low-risk diseases such as multiple myeloma, since a significant number of novel therapies can achieve high antitumor responses.

scholarly journals Predictive Factors for Positive HIV Test Results in a Hospital Setting

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sulmaz Ghahramani ◽  
Hassan Joulaei ◽  
Amir Human Hoveidaei ◽  
Mohammad Reza Rajabi ◽  
Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Test Result

Background: Hospital admission for any reason provides the situation for voluntary HIV testing and consultation. Identifying the predictors of positivity may lead to a cost-effective method while enhancing professionalism. Objectives: To find the predictors of HIV-positive test result in a general hospital in Shiraz compared to a control group. Methods: In this case-control study, the records of all patients who received HIV testing upon their hospitalization in a general hospital in Shiraz, south of Iran, from January 2017 to the end of December 2017 were reviewed. For each HIV-positive case, at least one control from the same ward in the hospital with negative HIV test result was randomly selected. Based on the best-fitted model of logistic regression, the probability of positive HIV test results was estimated for each participant according to the risk factors, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn. Results: Out of 7333 persons who accepted to be tested, 77 patients tested positive for HIV, of whom 55 (71.4%) were male with the mean age of 41.5 ± 9.5 years. None of the HIV-positive patients were intravenous drug users, nor had they a history of imprisonment. The odds ratio (OR) was 21 for hepatitis-positive patients (hepatitis B and/or C) compared to negative ones, which was seven times higher in opium addicts than non-opium addicts. We developed a model using age, sex, opium addiction, and HBV and HCV status to predict the probability of being positive for HIV with an AUC of 0.853 (95% confidence interval 0.797 to 0.909). Conclusions: Hospital admission could be an appropriate momentum for providing voluntary counseling and testing. Infection with HBV and HCV are important risk factors for HIV infection, and additional testing should be offered, especially to these patients.

Prevalence and risk factors associated with repeat positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test results among discharged COVID-19 patients

Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (48) ◽  
pp. e27933
Author(s):  
Yanru Cui ◽  
Jilin Wang ◽  
Gaofeng Wang ◽  
Xiuguo Xie ◽  
Lizhen Tian
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Nucleic Acid Test ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Acid Test

scholarly journals Yearly Percent Incidence of Suspected Novel Oral Anticoagulant Interference on Thrombophilia Testing: A Nine Year Experience at a Reference Coagulation Laboratory

Blood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 4819-4819
Author(s):  
Edward C.C. Wong ◽  
Laura A. Worfolk ◽  
Jeffrey S. Dlott
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Lupus Anticoagulant ◽  
Protein C ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Elevated Protein ◽  
The Us ◽  
Protein C Activity

Abstract Introduction: With the recent FDA approval of novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) for anticoagulation, the diagnosis of thrombophilia risk factors, such as protein S deficiency, protein C deficiency and presence of lupus anticoagulant, has become problematic, especially when clot-based assays are utilized in the presence of Xa and direct thrombin inhibitors. Falsely elevated protein S and C activities and false positive lupus anticoagulant testing may occur with NOAC use. Little is known about the yearly incidence of such interference during the time period when these NOACs were introduced in the United States (dabigatran, 10/2010; rivaroxaban, 7/2011; apixaban, 12/2012; edoxaban, 1/2015). To answer this question, we undertook a retrospective study that examined interference before and after NOACs were introduced to the US market. Materials and Methods: Retrospective review of venous thrombophilia testing from January 2008 to December 2016 at a major coagulation reference referral laboratory. To identify potential NOAC interference, samples were tested with both a dilute Russell Viper Venom test (dRVVT), which is a lupus anticoagulant test, and a protein C activity test. NOAC interference was strongly suspected when dRVVT testing demonstrated an inhibitor pattern and elevated protein C activity (>200%). The annual percentage of thrombophilia tests with strongly suspected NOAC interference was determined and compared to that of tests with elevated protein C activity and without a dRVVT inhibitor pattern (less strongly suspected interference). Results: The percentage of suspected NOAC interference increased annually from 2008 to 2016, which corresponds to the introduction of NOACs to the US market. From 2008 to 2016, test results of suspected NOAC interference increased from 0.21% to 3.45% (16.4-fold increase), peaking in 2015 (24.1-fold increase); test results of elevated protein C activity without a dRVVT inhibitor pattern increased from 0.48% to 7.22% (15.0-fold increase), peaking in 2014 (31.5-fold increase). Suspected interference decreased between 2015 and 2016, which may be related to education efforts by our laboratory in 2014 and 2015, when we notified practitioners of possible interference. Conclusions: Suspected NOAC interference, which can potentially cause false-positive test results for lupus anticoagulant and protein C activity, increased when NOACs were introduced into the US market. Further education of licensed independent practitioners may help prevent these interferences and provide more accurate assessment of thrombophilia risk factors. Figure. Figure. Disclosures Wong: Quest Diagnostics: Employment, Other: stock . Worfolk:Quest Diagnostics: Employment. Dlott:Quest Diagnostics: Employment, Other: stock.

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