scholarly journals Effects of GinsenosideRb1on Skin Changes

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiyuki Kimura ◽  
Maho Sumiyoshi ◽  
Masahiro Sakanaka
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Keratinocyte Cell Line Hacat ◽  
Keratinocyte Cell ◽  
Chinese Texts ◽  
Ultraviolet B Irradiation ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetic

Ginseng roots (Panax ginsengCA Meyer) have been used traditionally for the treatment, especially prevention, of various diseases in China, Korea, and Japan. Both experimental and clinical studies suggest ginseng roots to have pharmacological effects in patients with life-style-related diseases such as non-insulin-dependent diabetic mellitus, atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. The topical use of ginseng roots to treat skin complaints including atopic suppurative dermatitis, wounds, and inflammation is also described in ancient Chinese texts; however, there have been relatively few studies in this area. In the present paper, we describe introduce the biological and pharmacological effects of ginsenoside Rb1isolated from Red ginseng roots on skin damage caused by burn-wounds using male Balb/c mice (in vivo) and by ultraviolet B irradiation using male C57BL/6J and albino hairless (HR-1) mice (in vivo). Furthermore, to clarify the mechanisms behind these pharmacological actions, human primary keratinocytes and the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT were used in experimentsin vitro.

Autologous nitric oxide protects mouse and human keratinocytes from ultraviolet B radiation-induced apoptosis

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (5) ◽  
pp. C1140-C1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Weller ◽  
Ann Schwentker ◽  
Timothy R. Billiar ◽  
Yoram Vodovotz
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Soluble Guanylate Cyclase ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Ultraviolet B Radiation ◽  
Inducible Nos

Nitric oxide (NO) can either prevent or promote apoptosis, depending on cell type. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that NO suppresses ultraviolet B radiation (UVB)-induced keratinocyte apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Irradiation with UVB or addition of the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor N G-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) increased apoptosis in the human keratinocyte cell line CCD 1106 KERTr, and apoptosis was greater when the two agents were given in combination. Addition of the chemical NO donor S-nitroso- N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP) immediately after UVB completely abrogated the rise in apoptosis induced by l-NAME. An adenoviral vector expressing human inducible NOS (AdiNOS) also reduced keratinocyte death after UVB. Caspase-3 activity, an indicator of apoptosis, doubled in keratinocytes incubated with l-NAME compared with the inactive isomer, d-NAME, and was reduced by SNAP. Apoptosis was also increased on addition of 1,H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3- a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), an inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase. Mice null for endothelial NOS (eNOS) exhibited significantly higher apoptosis than wild-type mice both in the dermis and epidermis, whereas mice null for inducible NOS (iNOS) exhibited more apoptosis than wild-type mice only in the dermis. These results demonstrate an antiapoptotic role for NO in keratinocytes, mediated by cGMP, and indicate an antiapoptotic role for both eNOS and iNOS in skin damage induced by UVB.

scholarly journals 4-Hydroxyisoleucine: experimental evidence of its insulinotropic and antidiabetic properties

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (4) ◽  
pp. E617-E623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Broca ◽  
René Gross ◽  
Pierre Petit ◽  
Yves Sauvaire ◽  
Michèle Manteghetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetic ◽  
Single Intravenous Administration

We have recently shown in vitro that 4-hydroxyisoleucine (4-OH-Ile), an amino acid extracted from fenugreek seeds, potentiates insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner. The present study was designed to investigate whether 4-OH-Ile could exert in vivo insulinotropic and antidiabetic properties. For this purpose, intravenous or oral glucose tolerance tests (IVGTTs and OGTTs, respectively) were performed not only in normal animals but also in a type II diabetes rat model. During IVGTT in normal rats or OGTT in normal dogs, 4-OH-Ile (18 mg/kg) improved glucose tolerance. The lactonic form of 4-OH-Ile was ineffective in normal rats. In non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDD) rats, a single intravenous administration of 4-OH-Ile (50 mg/kg) partially restored glucose-induced insulin response without affecting glucose tolerance; a 6-day subchronic administration of 4-OH-Ile (50 mg/kg, daily) reduced basal hyperglycemia, decreased basal insulinemia, and slightly, but significantly, improved glucose tolerance. In vitro, 4-OH-Ile (200 μM) potentiated glucose (16.7 mM)-induced insulin release from NIDD rat-isolated islets. So, the antidiabetic effects of 4-OH-Ile on NIDD rats result, at least in part, from a direct pancreatic B cell stimulation.

scholarly journals Natural products with therapeutic potential in melanoma metastasis

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1170-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. AlQathama ◽  
J. M. Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Melanoma Cells ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Melanoma Metastasis ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Cytotoxic Compounds

Natural products continue to provide lead cytotoxic compounds for cancer treatment but less attention has been given to antimigratory compounds. We here systematically and critically survey more than 30 natural products with direct in vitro and in vivo pharmacological effects on migration and/or metastasis of melanoma cells and chart the mechanisms of action for this underexploited property.

scholarly journals hSSB2 (NABP1) is required for the recruitment of RPA during the cellular response to DNA UV damage

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier Boucher ◽  
Ruvini Kariawasam ◽  
Joshua Burgess ◽  
Adrian Gimenez ◽  
Tristan E. Ocampo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Excision Repair ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Repair System ◽  
Uvb Radiation ◽  
Exogenous Dna

AbstractMaintenance of genomic stability is critical to prevent diseases such as cancer. As such, eukaryotic cells have multiple pathways to efficiently detect, signal and repair DNA damage. One common form of exogenous DNA damage comes from ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. UVB generates cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) that must be rapidly detected and repaired to maintain the genetic code. The nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway is the main repair system for this type of DNA damage. Here, we determined the role of the human Single-Stranded DNA Binding protein 2, hSSB2, in the response to UVB exposure. We demonstrate that hSSB2 levels increase in vitro and in vivo after UVB irradiation and that hSSB2 rapidly binds to chromatin. Depletion of hSSB2 results in significantly decreased Replication Protein A (RPA32) phosphorylation and impaired RPA32 localisation to the site of UV-induced DNA damage. Delayed recruitment of NER protein Xeroderma Pigmentosum group C (XPC) was also observed, leading to increased cellular sensitivity to UVB. Finally, hSSB2 was shown to have affinity for single-strand DNA containing a single CPD and for duplex DNA with a two-base mismatch mimicking a CPD moiety. Altogether our data demonstrate that hSSB2 is involved in the cellular response to UV exposure.

scholarly journals Ginsenoside Rh1: A Systematic Review of Its Pharmacological Properties

Planta Medica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (03) ◽  
pp. 139-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dao Tam ◽  
Duy Truong ◽  
Thi Nguyen ◽  
Le Quynh ◽  
Linh Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grey Literature ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
York Academy ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Literature Report ◽  
Positive Effects

AbstractGinsenoside Rh1 is one of major bioactive compounds extracted from red ginseng, which has been increasingly used for enhancing cognition and physical health worldwide. The objective of this study was to review the pharmacological effects of ginsenoside Rh1 in a systematic manner. We performed searches on eight electronic databases including MEDLINE (Pubmed), Scopus, Google Scholar, POPLINE, Global Health Library, Virtual Health Library, the System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe, and the New York Academy of Medicine Grey Literature Report to select the original research publications reporting the biological and pharmacological effects of ginsenoside Rh1 from in vitro and in vivo studies regardless of publication language and study design. Upon applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we included a total of 57 studies for our systemic review. Ginsenoside Rh1 exhibited the potent characteristics of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory effects, and positive effects on the nervous system. The cytotoxic effects of ginsenoside Rh1 were dependent on different types of cell lines. Other pharmacological effects including estrogenic, enzymatic, anti-microorganism activities, and cardiovascular effects have been mentioned, but the results were considerably diverged. A higher quality of evidence on clinical trial studies is highly recommended to confirm the consistent efficacy of ginsenoside Rh1.

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