scholarly journals A Simple Spatial Working Memory and Attention Test on Paired Symbols Shows Developmental Deficits in Schizophrenia Patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Wei Song ◽  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Jinhua Sun ◽  
Lina Ma ◽  
Forrest Fabian Jesse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Efficiency Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Developmental Trend ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Age Range

People with neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia often display deficits in spatial working memory and attention. Evaluating working memory and attention in schizophrenia patients is usually based on traditional tasks and the interviewer’s judgment. We developed a simple Spatial Working Memory and Attention Test on Paired Symbols (SWAPS). It takes only several minutes to complete, comprising 101 trials for each subject. In this study, we tested 72 schizophrenia patients and 188 healthy volunteers in China. In a healthy control group with ages ranging from 12 to 60, the efficiency score (accuracy divided by reaction time) reached a peak in the 20–27 age range and then declined with increasing age. Importantly, schizophrenia patients failed to display this developmental trend in the same age range and adults had significant deficits compared to the control group. Our data suggests that this simple Spatial Working Memory and Attention Test on Paired Symbols can be a useful tool for studies of spatial working memory and attention in neuropsychiatric disorders.

scholarly journals Disturbance of spatial working memory and its neurophysiological correlates in alcohol dependence

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
С.А. Галкин ◽  
А.Г. Пешковская ◽  
Н.И. Кисель ◽  
О.В. Рощина ◽  
А.И. Мандель ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Alcohol Dependence Syndrome ◽  
Temporal Locus ◽  
Corsi Test

Введение. У пациентов с алкогольной зависимостью наблюдаются нарушения в широком диапазоне когнитивных функций. Это приводит к неспособности контролировать употребление алкоголя, рецидивированию или постоянному употреблению алкоголя, несмотря на негативные физические, психологические и социальные последствия. Исполнительный контроль относится к группе когнитивных функций, который позволяют людям самостоятельно регулировать свое поведение и выбирать соответствующие действия в зависимости от долгосрочных целей. При этом рабочая память является одной из главных составляющих исполнительного контроля. Цель исследования - изучение пространственной рабочей памяти у пациентов с синдромом алкогольной зависимости с использованием метода количественной ЭЭГ и компьютерного теста Corsi. Методика. Обследовано 50 пациентов с диагнозом алкогольной зависимости (F10.2 по МКБ-10) после детоксикации. Группу контроля составили 30 психически и соматически здоровых лиц, сопоставимых по возрасту. Исследование пространственной рабочей памяти осуществляли с помощью компьютерного теста Корси (Corsi Block-Tapping). Регистрировали 16-канальную ЭЭГ: фон с открытыми глазами и во время выполнения теста Corsi. Анализировали абсолютные значения спектральной мощности θ-, α- и β-ритмов. Результаты. Согласно результатам теста Corsi, при алкогольной зависимости наблюдается выраженное снижение объема рабочей памяти относительно здоровой группы контроля. Изменения ЭЭГ в процессе выполнения теста Corsi у пациентов с синдромом алкогольной зависимости сопровождались десинхронизацией альфа-ритма в префронтальной коре мозга и левом височном локусе, что не выявлялось у обследуемых здоровой группы контроля. Было обнаружено снижение бета-ритма в центральной и теменной коре у пациентов с синдромом алкогольной зависимости в ответ на когнитивный стимул. У пациентов с синдромом алкогольной зависимости существенно повышалась тета-мощность в затылочной коре в ответ на когнитивный стимул, а также регистрировалась статистически значимо большая тета-активность в правом височном локусе. Заключение. Полученные результаты могут служить дополнительными диагностическими критериями когнитивных нарушений у пациентов с синдромом зависимости от алкоголя. Patients with alcohol dependence have disorders of multiple cognitive functions. This leads to inability to control alcohol consumption, relapse or continued use of alcohol despite negative physical, psychological, and social consequences. Executive control refers to a group of cognitive functions that allow people to regulate independently their behavior and to choose appropriate actions depending on their long-term goals. Working memory (WM) is one of the main components of the executive control. The aim of the study was to evaluate indexes of spatial working memory in patients with alcohol dependence syndrome using the quantitative EEG method and the Corsi computer test. Methods. 50 patients diagnosed with alcohol dependence (F10.2 on MKB-10) were evaluated after detoxification. The control group consisted of 30 mentally and somatically healthy, age-matched subjects. The study of spatial working memory was performed by a Corsi computer test (Corsi Block-Tapping). 16-channel EEGs were recorded at background with open eyes and during the Corsi test. Spectral power absolute values of θ -, α - and β - rhythms were analyzed. Results. According to the Corsi test in alcohol dependence, the WM volume was markedly decreased compared to the healthy control group. Changes in EEG during the Corsi test in patients with alcohol dependence syndrome were associated with alpha-rhythm desynchronization in the prefrontal cortex and left temporal locus, which was not observed in the healthy control group. Decreased beta rhythm was observed in the central and parietal cortex of patients with alcohol dependence syndrome in response to a cognitive stimulus. In patients with alcohol dependence syndrome, theta power was significantly increased in the occipital cortex in response to a cognitive stimulus, and theta activity was significantly greater in the right temporal locus. Conclusion. The results of this study may serve as additional diagnostic criteria for cognitive disorders in patients with alcohol dependence syndrome.

scholarly journals Investigation on Glucose and levels of Zn and Cu in Sera of Iraqi Males addicted on Methamphetamine or Tramadol

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-63
Author(s):  
Rulla Sabah ◽  
Ahmed saad abbas Fatin F.Al-Kazazz ◽  
Salam A.H Al-Ameri
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Zn And Cu In ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Group A ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Heavy Smokers

Addiction is the most critical form of Addiction. It is a chronic disease with a potential for fatality if not treated. In this work, 180 samples of male individuals were collected in this study. They classified into three groups, groups:  G1 who were healthy control; G2 who was addicted to methamphetamine (meth); G3 who was addicted to tramadol (Tra). Each group consists of 60 heavy smokers Iraqi male individuals in the age range of 18-43 years. The results showed a highly significant increase (p<0.0001) in the level of Glucose of the two addicted groups in comparison with the healthy group. A highly significant decrease (p<0.0001) could be seen in the level of Zn of the two addicted groups G2, G3 compared to the control group, while the level of Cu of the two addicted groups were highly significant increased (p<0.0001). Also, the results showed a highly significant difference (p<0.0001) in BMI for the studied groups, G2, G3 in comparison with the control group. All addictive individuals under this study were at normal weight depending on their BMI.  

On a Gamified Brain-Computer Interface for Cognitive Training of Spatial Working Memory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziming Liu ◽  
Jonathan Bryan ◽  
Robert Borkoski ◽  
Fengpei Yuan ◽  
Yansong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Brain Computer Interface ◽  
Body Part ◽  
The United States ◽  
Attention Problems ◽  
Computer Interface ◽  
Memory And Attention

Abstract In the United States, there are a large number of people suffering from memory and attention deficit problems. For example, patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and dementia have difficulties in performing activities of daily living and have a low quality of life. Currently, there exist no effective treatment for these memory and attention issues in specific cognitive impairments. In this paper, we developed a gamified platform of brain-computer interface (BCI) for cognitive training, which can engage users in the training and provide users qualitative and quantitative feedback for their training of spatial working memory. The user is able to control the movement of a drone using motor imager, which is imagined movement of body part. Sensorimotor rhythms of the user are calculated using the user’s EEG to drive the movement of the drone. Twenty normal healthy subjects were recruited to test the user experience. Our system showed the capability of engaging users, good robustness, user acceptability and usability. Therefore, we think our platform might be an alternative to provide more accessible, engaging, and effective cognitive training for people with memory and attention problems. In future, we will test the usability and effectiveness of the system for cognitive training in patients with ADHD and dementia.

Impairments of Spatial Working Memory and Attention Following Acute Psychosocial Stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Olver ◽  
Myra Pinney ◽  
Paul Maruff ◽  
Trevor R. Norman
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Acute Psychosocial Stress

scholarly journals Disruption of component processes of spatial working memory by electroconvulsive shock but not magnetic seizure therapy

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn M. McClintock ◽  
Nick K. DeWind ◽  
Mustafa M. Husain ◽  
Stefan B. Rowny ◽  
Timothy J. Spellman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Electroconvulsive Shock ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Preclinical Model ◽  
Magnetic Seizure Therapy ◽  
Component Processes ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Self-ordered spatial working memory measures provide important information regarding underlying cognitive strategies, such as stereotypy. This strategy is based on repetitive sequential selection of a spatial pattern once a correct sequence has been identified. We previously reported that electroconvulsive shock (ECS) but not magnetic seizure therapy (MST) impaired performance on a spatial working memory task in a preclinical model. Here we tested the hypothesis that ECS disrupted stereotyped patterns in the selection of spatial stimuli. In a within-subject study design, we assessed the effects of ECS, MST, and sham on stereotypy and reaction time in a preclinical model. Stereotypy was assessed by the correlation of actual and predicted response patterns of spatial stimuli. Predicted patterns were based on performance during baseline sessions. ECS resulted in lower correlations between predicted and actual responses to spatial stimuli in two of the three subjects, and it also disrupted stereotypy. For one subject, there was change in the predictability of the spatial locus of responses between experimental conditions. For all three subjects, reaction time was significantly longer in ECS, relative to MST and sham. This is the first study to examine the effect of ECS, and to contrast the effects of ECS and MST, on spatial working memory component processes. Our preliminary findings show that ECS, but not MST decreased stereotypy and increased reaction time. This line of investigation may have significant implications in our understanding cognitive component processes of memory function and impairment.

scholarly journals P3-053: APOE E4 affects spatial working memory and attention in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (4S_Part_12) ◽  
pp. P357-P357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Laczó ◽  
Kamil Vlček ◽  
Martin Vyhnálek ◽  
Václav MaŤoška ◽  
Irena Buksakowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Memory And Attention

scholarly journals (Lack of) Effects of noradrenergic stimulation on human working memory performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 237 (10) ◽  
pp. 3033-3046
Author(s):  
Nadine Wanke ◽  
Jana Christina Müller ◽  
Klaus Wiedemann ◽  
Lars Schwabe
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Human Participants

Abstract Rationale Working memory depends on prefrontal cortex functioning, which is particularly sensitive to levels of noradrenaline. Studies in non-human primates have shown that modest levels of noradrenaline improve working memory, and that higher levels of noradrenaline impair working memory performance. However, research in humans provided inconsistent findings concerning noradrenergic effects on working memory. Objective The present study aimed at assessing dose-dependent effects of yohimbine, an alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist, on working memory performance in healthy humans. We further aimed to explore a potential interactive effect between noradrenergic arousal and lack of control over aversive events on working memory performance. Methods We used a double-blind, fully crossed, placebo-controlled, between-subject design. Participants (N = 121) performed an adaptive n-back task before and after oral administration of either a placebo, 20 mg, or 40 mg yohimbine and a manipulation of controllability, during which participants could either learn to avoid electric shocks (controllability groups), had no instrumental control over shock administration (uncontrollability groups), or did not receive any shocks (no-shock control group). Results While no significant results of noradrenergic stimulation through yohimbine were obtained using conventional frequentist analyses, additional Bayesian analyses provided strong evidence for the absence of an association between pharmacological treatment and working memory performance. We further observed no effect of controllability and no interaction between noradrenergic stimulation and the manipulation of controllability. Conclusions Our results suggest that noradrenergic stimulation through yohimbine does not affect (non-spatial) working memory in healthy human participants.

A-101 Reaction Time and Reaction Time Variability with the Brain Gauge Somatosensory Device in Service Members with and without Acute Concussion

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1149-1150
Author(s):  
Wesley Cole ◽  
Brian J Ivins ◽  
Jacques P Arrieux ◽  
Haley R Crawford ◽  
Mark Tommerdahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Service Members ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Reaction Time Variability ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Simple Rt ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Objective Research has demonstrated reaction time variability (RTV) as a potentially sensitive metric for post-concussion assessments. The Brain Gauge Clinical Metrics battery (BG) device uses tactile sensory stimulation to elicit a response, increasing accuracy to &lt;1 msec versus 30–100 msec in visually-based reaction time (RT) measures. We sought to determine if BG RTV could adequately identify individuals with acute concussion. Methods We administered BG to 98 healthy control service members (SMs) and 64 SMs within 7 days of a medically diagnosed concussion. The battery includes simple RT and repeated simple RT subtests with RT variability (RTV) for each test calculated as the sd of mean RT for each participant. We used t-tests and gamma regression to compare group RT and RTV means. “Cutoffs” based on percentiles of the control group RTV distribution were calculated and the proportion of each group falling below these cutoffs was determined. Results There were statistically significant differences with large effect sizes between groups across all four metrics. The proportion of participants in the concussion group falling below the cutoffs was higher than among controls, with large effect sizes. T-tests and gamma regression showed that group mean RT and RTV differed significantly under multiple distributional assumptions. Conclusions Both RT and RTV using the BG somatosensory device demonstrated the ability to discriminate between healthy control SMs and SMs with acute concussion. This is further evidence that RTV is a sensitive measure for acute concussion and the use of a tactile sensory stimulus may represent an improvement over a visual stimulus.

Spatial Working Memory and Attention Test on Paired Symbols

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Song ◽  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Jinhua Sun ◽  
Lina Ma ◽  
Forrest Fabian Jesse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Memory And Attention

scholarly journals The INECO Frontal Screening tool differentiates behavioral variant - frontotemporal dementia (bv-FTD) from major depression

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Fiorentino ◽  
Ezequiel Gleichgerrcht ◽  
María Roca ◽  
Marcelo Cetkovich ◽  
Facundo Manes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Conditions

ABSTRACT Executive dysfunction may result from prefrontal circuitry involvement occurring in both neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. Moreover, multiple neuropsychiatric conditions, may present with overlapping behavioral and cognitive symptoms, making differential diagnosis challenging, especially during earlier stages. In this sense, cognitive assessment may contribute to the differential diagnosis by providing an objective and quantifiable set of measures that has the potential to distinguish clinical conditions otherwise perceived in everyday clinical settings as quite similar. Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate the utility of the INECO Frontal Screening (IFS) for differentiating bv-FTD patients from patients with Major Depression. Methods: We studied 49 patients with bv-FTD diagnosis and 30 patients diagnosed with unipolar depression compared to a control group of 26 healthy controls using the INECO Frontal Screening (IFS), the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R). Results: Patient groups differed significantly on the motor inhibitory control (U=437.0, p<0.01), verbal working memory (U=298.0, p<0.001), spatial working memory (U=300.5, p<0.001), proverbs (U=341.5, p<0.001) and verbal inhibitory control (U=316.0, p<0.001) subtests, with bv-FTD patients scoring significantly lower than patients with depression. Conclusion: Our results suggest the IFS can be considered a useful tool for detecting executive dysfunction in both depression and bv-FTD patients and, perhaps more importantly, that it has the potential to help differentiate these two conditions.

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