scholarly journals Study on Incompatibility of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Evidence from Formula Network, Chemical Space, and Metabolism Room

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Long ◽  
Xiao-Dong Zhang ◽  
Hong-Ying Wu ◽  
Jin Jin ◽  
Guang-Yun Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Complex Network ◽  
Chemical Space ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Average Degree ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
The Other ◽  
Network Diameter ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

A traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula network including 362 TCM formulas was built by using complex network methodologies. The properties of this network were analyzed including network diameter, average distance, clustering coefficient, and average degree. Meanwhile, we built a TCM chemical space and a TCM metabolism room under the theory of chemical space. The properties of chemical space and metabolism room were calculated and analyzed. The properties of the medicine pairs in “eighteen antagonisms and nineteen mutual inhibitors,” an ancient rule for TCM incompatibility, were studied based on the TCM formula network, chemical space, and metabolism room. The results showed that the properties of these incompatible medicine pairs are different from those of the other TCM based on the analysis of the TCM formula network, chemical space, and metabolism room. The lines of evidence derived from our work demonstrated that the ancient rule of TCM incompatibility, “eighteen antagonisms and nineteen mutual inhibitors,” is probably scientifically based.

scholarly journals Bilateral Integrative Medicine, Obviously

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven H. Stumpf ◽  
Simon J. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Integrative Medicine ◽  
The Other ◽  
Educational Model ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
Integrative Education ◽  
Education Model ◽  
New Generation

Unstated and unacknowledged bias has a profound impact on the nature and implementation of integrative education models. Integrative education is the process of training conventional biomedical and traditional Chinese medicine practitioners in each tradition such that patient care may be effectively coordinated. A bilateral education model ensures that students in each tradition are cross-taught by experts from the ‘other’ tradition, imparting knowledge and values in unison. Acculturation is foundational to bilateral integrative medical education and practice. Principles are discussed for an open-minded bilateral educational model that can result in a new generation of integrative medicine teachers.

scholarly journals Arsenic Bioaccessibility of Realgar Influenced by the Other Traditional Chinese Medicines in Niuhuang Jiedu Tablet and the Roles of Gut Microbiota

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenfeng Xu ◽  
Shuo Xu ◽  
Shanshan Zhang ◽  
Xuejun Wu ◽  
Pengfei Jin
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Incubation Medium ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
The Other ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicines ◽  
Chinese Medicines ◽  
Scutellariae Radix

Niuhuang Jiedu tablet (NJT), a realgar (As2S2) containing Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), is a well-known formula. The safety of NJT is of growing concern since arsenic (As) is considered as one of the most toxic elements. NJT was demonstrated to be safer than realgar by our previous experiments and some other studies. The toxicity of realgar has been shown to be related to the amount of soluble or bioaccessible arsenic. In this study, the influences of the other TCMs in NJT on the bioaccessibility of arsenic from realgar, and the roles of gut microbiota during this process were investigated in vitro. Results showed that Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), and Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) could significantly reduce the bioaccessibility of arsenic from realgar in artificial gastrointestinal fluids. Gut microbiota played an important role in decreasing the bioaccessibility of realgar because it was demonstrated to be able to absorb the soluble arsenic from realgar in the incubation medium. Dahuang, Huangqin, and Jiegeng could modulate the gut microbiota to enhance its arsenic absorption activity.

Efficacy of Shitei-To, a Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulation, Against Convulsions in Mice

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (01) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiko Minamil ◽  
Hiroki Shibata ◽  
Yoshiki Nunoura ◽  
Masahiro Nomoto ◽  
Takeo Fukuda
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
The Other ◽  
Repeated Treatment ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Clonic Convulsions ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulation ◽  
Electroshock Seizures ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effects

The anticonvulsant effects of Shitei- To and its components on maximal electroshock seizures and chemical convulsions were examined. Shitei-To significantly prolonged the latency to bicuculline (2.0 mg/kg, s.c.)-induced clonic convulsions. Repeated treatment with Shitei-To also significantly prolonged the latency to strychnine (1.5 mg/kg, i.p.)- and pentylenetetrazol (90 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced clonic convulsions. On the other hand, Shitei-To had no effect on maximal electroshock seizures. Of the components of Shitei-To, Shitei had almost the same effect as Shitei-To against the clonic convulsions induced by the three chemical agents tested. These findings suggest that Shitei-To has anticonvulsant effects.

A NEW DYNAMIC COMMUNITY MODEL FOR SOCIAL NETWORKS

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 1350088 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHE-MING LU ◽  
ZHEN WU ◽  
SHI-ZE GUO ◽  
ZHE CHEN ◽  
GUANG-HUA SONG
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Small World ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
Community Model ◽  
Network Diameter ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Small World Property ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Dynamic Community

In this paper, based on the phenomenon that individuals join into and jump from the organizations in the society, we propose a dynamic community model to construct social networks. Two parameters are adopted in our model, one is the communication rate Pa that denotes the connection strength in the organization and the other is the turnover rate Pb, that stands for the frequency of jumping among the organizations. Based on simulations, we analyze not only the degree distribution, the clustering coefficient, the average distance and the network diameter but also the group distribution which is closely related to their community structure. Moreover, we discover that the networks generated by the proposed model possess the small-world property and can well reproduce the networks of social contacts.

scholarly journals Summarizing the Effective Herbs for the Treatment of Hypertensive Nephropathy by Complex Network and Machine Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jia-Ming Huan ◽  
Wen-Ge Su ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Chao Gao ◽  
Peng Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Complex Network ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Prescription Data ◽  
Hypertensive Nephropathy

Hypertensive nephropathy is a common complication of hypertension. Traditional Chinese medicine has been used in the clinical treatment of hypertensive nephropathy for a long time, but the commonly used prescriptions have not been summarized, and the basic therapeutic approaches have not been discussed. Based on data from 3 years of electronic medical records of traditional Chinese medicine used at the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, a complex network and machine learning algorithm was used to explore the prescribed herbs of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of hypertensive nephropathy (HN). In this study, complex network algorithms were used to describe traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions for HN treatment. The Apriori algorithm was used to analyze the compatibility of these treatments with modern medicine. Data on the targets and regulatory genes related to hypertensive nephropathy and the herbs that affect their expression were obtained from public databases, and then, the signaling pathways enriched with these genes were identified on the basis of their participation in biological processes. A clustering algorithm was used to analyze the therapeutic pathways at multiple levels. A total of 1499 prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicines used for the treatment of hypertensive renal damage were identified. Fourteen herbs used to treat hypertensive nephropathy act through different biological pathways: huangqi, danshen, dangshen, fuling, baizhu, danggui, chenpi, banxia, gancao, qumai, cheqianzi, ezhu, qianshi, and niuxi. We found the formulae of these herbs and observed that they could downregulate the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF, IL1B, and IL6 and the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways to reduce the renal inflammatory damage caused by excessive activation of RAAS. In addition, these herbs could facilitate the deceleration in the decline of renal function and relieve the symptoms of hypertensive nephropathy. In this study, the traditional Chinese medicine approach for treating hypertensive renal damage is summarized and effective treatment prescriptions were identified and analyzed. Data mining technology provided a feasible method for the collation and extraction of traditional Chinese medicine prescription data and provided an objective and reliable tool for use in determining the TCM treatments of hypertensive nephropathy.

scholarly journals Traditional Chinese Medicine Qingre Huoxue Treatment vs. the Combination of Methotrexate and Hydroxychloroquine for Active Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xun Gong ◽  
Wei-Xiang Liu ◽  
Xiao-Po Tang ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Jian Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
The Other ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Das 28

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used successfully to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Qingre Huoxue treatment (Qingre Huoxue decoction (QRHXD)/Qingre Huoxue external preparation (QRHXEP)) is a therapeutic scheme of TCM for RA. To date, there have been few studies comparing the efficacy and safety of QRHXD and conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) for the treatment of active RA. This was investigated in a multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial involving 468 Chinese patients with active RA [disease activity score (DAS)-28 > 3.2] treated with QRHXD/QRHXEP (TCM group), methotrexate plus hydroxychloroquine [Western medicine (WM) group], or both [integrative medicine (IM) group]. Patients were followed up for 24 weeks. The primary outcome measure was the change in DAS-28 from baseline to 24 weeks. The secondary outcome measures were treatment response rate according to American College of Rheumatology 20, 50, and 70% improvement criteria (ACR-20/50/70) and the rate of treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02551575). DAS-28 decreased in all three groups after treatment (p < 0.0001); the score was lowest in the TCM group (p < 0.05), while no difference was observed between the WM and IM groups (p > 0.05). At week 24, ACR-20 response was 73.04% with TCM, 80.17% with WM, and 73.95% with IM (based on the full analysis set [FAS], p > 0.05); ACR-50 responses were 40.87, 47.93, and 51.26%, respectively, (FAS, p > 0.05); and ACR-70 responses were 20.87, 22.31, and 25.21%, respectively, (FAS, p > 0.05). Thus, treatment efficacy was similar across groups based on ACR criteria. On the other hand, the rate of TRAEs was significantly lower in the TCM group compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). Thus, QRHXD/QRHXEP was effective in alleviating the symptoms of active RA—albeit to a lesser degree than csDMARDs—with fewer side effects. Importantly, combination with QRHXD enhanced the efficacy of csDMARDs. These results provide evidence that QRHXD can be used as an adjunct to csDMARDs for the management of RA, especially in patients who experience TRAEs with standard drugs.Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCTNCT025515.

Chinese Medicine and the Problem of Tradition

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
Volker Scheid
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Social Thought ◽  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
It Value ◽  
Forthcoming Book ◽  
Definite Answer ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

In the West, but not only in the West, Asian medicines continue to be understood and promoted through a discourse that emphasises their status as 'traditions'. Chinese medicine, widely referred to throughout the world as 'Traditional Chinese Medicine' (TCM), is an obvious example. The problematic nature of this practice, which uses tradition as the 'other' of modernity, has often been criticised, yet no alternative has yet emerged. One solution may be to redefine the notion of tradition in an effort to accord it value in and of itself. This article is a contribution to this process. It combines two different sections from a forthcoming book Currents ef Tradition in Chinese Medicine, 1624–2005. The first section briefly reviews the complex history of the concept of tradition in western social thought. The second section, written in a very different style, uses eating—and specifically the meals that the author shared with his informants during his fieldwork—as an analogy for grasping some of the essential practices that define the scholarly tradition in Chinese medicine. Introductory in nature and intention, this article is intended to stimulate debate rather than provide a definite answer to the question it raises.

The Theory of Five Elements in Acupuncture

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 135-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj C. Jagirdar
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
The Other ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
The Face ◽  
Five Elements ◽  
Law Of Similarity ◽  
The Law ◽  
Apparent Similarity

The theory of five elements is extensively used in traditional Chinese medicine. It is proposed that the theory of five elements was developed on the basis of the theory of elements, the law of contagion and the law of similarity which were prevalent in that era. They theory of elements spread in various forms all over the face of the globe. The law of contagion stated that objects, which at one time had been in continuity or juxtaposition, continued to exert an effect one upon the other. The internal organs were coupled probably on the basis of the law of contagion. The law of similarity stated that objects or circumstances which bear apparent similarity in form, shape, color or sequence of events, were considered to be fundamentally related. On the basis of the law of similarity the coupled internal organs were classified into five elements and the theory of five elements was compared with various things like seasons, color, tastes, emotions, etc. The theory of five elements is probably the earliest documented evidence correlating physiology with pathogensis of diseases and a guideline for treatment of diseases.

Traditional Chinese Medicine at Xian Medical University

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoo Kee Tsang
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
The University ◽  
Medical University

One aim of the student elective during medical training is to see different cultural and social aspects of practice. This article concerns a student visit from the University of Wales College of Medicine to the Imperial City of Xi'an in China, which offers a medical school with teaching in both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. The visiting student can learn of the traditional theories and methods of diagnosis and have a chance to see and use treatment techniques such as acupuncture, moxibustion, cupping, herbal medicine, Chinese massage and qigong. The Chinese people in general use both Western and traditional medicine, trying one and switching to the other if the first is ineffective, and Chinese traditional doctors make use of Western diagnostic techniques when necessary.

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