Drug Poisoning Deaths according to Ethnicity in Utah

This study characterizes drug-related deaths according to ethnicity in Utah during 2005–2010, based on data from the Utah Violent Death Reporting System (UTVDRS). Hispanics made up 12.1% (12.5% male and 11.7% female) of deaths. The most frequently identified drugs among decedents were opiates, then illicit drugs, benzodiazepines, over-the-counter medication, and antidepressants. Death rates for each drug were significantly greater in non-Hispanics than Hispanics. Most decedents used a combination of drugs. For each combination, rates were significantly greater for non-Hispanics than Hispanics, with an exception for opiates and illicit drugs combined, where there was no significant difference. Approximately 79% of non-Hispanics and 65% of Hispanics had one or more of the selected problems (e.g., mental, physical, or crisis related). Rates for each combination of problems were significantly greater in non-Hispanics, with the exception of crisis. Hispanics were less affected by the rise in prescription drug abuse. Hispanic decedents had a greater proportion of illegal drugs, consistent with it being more difficult to obtain prescription drugs. Hispanic decedents were less likely to have physical and mental health problems, which may be related to a smaller chance of diagnosis of such problems through the healthcare system.

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Older people with substance problems

Oxford Textbook of Geriatric Medicine ◽

10.1093/med/9780198701590.003.0138 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 1065-1070

Author(s):

Ilana Crome ◽

Rahul (Tony) Rao

Keyword(s):

Older People ◽

Prescription Drugs ◽

Illicit Drugs ◽

Management Plan ◽

Over The Counter ◽

Treatment Prevalence ◽

Counter Medication ◽

Clinical Conditions ◽

Specific Symptoms ◽

Routine Assessment

Not only is the number of older people in our society is increasing, but their use of substances is rising. All substances should be considered (i.e. alcohol, tobacco, polypharmacy, illicit drugs, over-the-counter medication, substances obtained over the internet, and misuse of prescription drugs). Associated mental health and physical health difficulties need to be viewed in light of the combination of substances and interactions with clinical conditions. The service delivery system is unprepared partly due to an invisible epidemic fuelled by numerous factors including ageism, denial, stereotypes, and non-specific symptoms. A thorough ongoing routine assessment of substance use is the keystone of a treatment management plan. Older people willing to be engaged in a multidisciplinary team treatment do have capacity to change, and outcomes are at least was positive as their young adult counterpart. There are gaps about treatment prevalence, the facilitators and barriers to treatment, including comorbid conditions.

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The Effects of Four Label Design Parameters on Perceived Reliability, Efficacy and Intent to Purchase of Over-the-counter Medication

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/154193129804200605 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 546-549 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marc L. Resnick

Keyword(s):

Medical Care ◽

Prescription Drugs ◽

Herbal Remedies ◽

Design Parameters ◽

Over The Counter ◽

Medical Needs ◽

Intent To Purchase ◽

Counter Medication ◽

The Government ◽

The Cost

The cost of medical care has been skyrocketing for many years. One solution being promoted by both the government and medical industry is to increase the effectiveness and prevalence of self care and prevention. By managing for their own medical needs, patients can significantly reduce the cost of their medical care by replacing expensive prescription drugs with over-the-counter (OTC) products. The establishment of the Office of Alternative Medicine by the National Institutes of Health has legitimized the inclusion of herbal remedies in this plan. However, the labeling guidelines for OTC products are vague and under constant debate. This research evaluates the effects of several label content parameters regarding indication and effectiveness claims. Subjects were provided with labels for fictitious herbal and chemical medical products and asked to report their perceptions of the reliability of the claim, the products' effectiveness, and their likelihood of purchasing the product. Parameters included the originator of the claim (FDA, doctor groups, Harvard University and athletes), usability factors, product type (chemical, herbal), and disorder. The results have significant implications for the development of labeling guidelines for consumer-focused products.

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Early Detection of Prescription Drug Abuse Using Doctor Shopping Monitoring From Claims Databases: Illustration From the Experience of the French Addictovigilance Network

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.640120 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Thomas Soeiro ◽

Clémence Lacroix ◽

Vincent Pradel ◽

Maryse Lapeyre-Mestre ◽

Joëlle Micallef

Keyword(s):

Drug Abuse ◽

Early Detection ◽

Prescription Drug ◽

Prescription Drugs ◽

Best Practice ◽

Illicit Drugs ◽

Opioid Analgesics ◽

Outcome Data ◽

Prescription Drug Abuse ◽

Doctor Shopping

Opioid analgesics and maintenance treatments, benzodiazepines and z-drugs, and other sedatives and stimulants are increasingly being abused to induce psychoactive effects or alter the effects of other drugs, eventually leading to dependence. Awareness of prescription drug abuse has been increasing in the last two decades, and organizations such as the International Narcotics Control Board has predicted that, worldwide, prescription drug abuse may exceed the use of illicit drugs. Assessment of prescription drug abuse tackles an issue that is hidden by nature, which therefore requires a specific monitoring. The current best practice is to use multiple detection systems to assess prescription drug abuse by various populations in a timely, sensitive, and specific manner. In the early 2000's, we designed a method to detect and quantify doctor shopping for prescription drugs from the French National Health Data System, which is one of the world's largest claims database, and a first-class data source for pharmacoepidemiological studies. Doctor shopping is a well-known behavior that involves overlapping prescriptions from multiple prescribers for the same drug, to obtain higher doses than those prescribed by each prescriber on an individual basis. In addition, doctor shopping may play an important role in supplying the black market. The paper aims to review how doctor shopping monitoring can improve the early detection of prescription drug abuse within a multidimensional monitoring. The paper provides an in-depth overview of two decades of development and validation of the method as a complementary component of the multidimensional monitoring conducted by the French Addictovigilance Network. The process accounted for the relevant determinants of prescription drug abuse, such as pharmacological data (e.g., formulations and doses), chronological and geographical data (e.g., impact of measures and comparison between regions), and epidemiological and outcome data (e.g., profiles of patients and trajectories of care) for several pharmacological classes (e.g., opioids, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, and methylphenidate).

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College Student Interests in Drug Education Go Further Than Illicit Drugs

Journal of Drug Education ◽

10.2190/ula7-x9ac-25p5-y0a8 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 79-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Robert S. Gold ◽

David F. Duncan ◽

Mary S. Sutherland

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

College Student ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Prescription Drugs ◽

Illicit Drugs ◽

Drug Information ◽

Herbal Drugs ◽

Over The Counter ◽

Student Interests ◽

The Relationship

A survey of college student interests in drug information was conducted in 1977 with eighty-six undergraduate students at the SUNY campus at Brockport, New York. A questionnaire was constructed which specifically allowed students to write out questions they felt college students had about seven categories of drugs, including: herbal drugs, over-the-counter drugs, prescription drugs, unrecognized drugs, tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs. The current paper summarizes data on type and frequency of questions asked, as well as the relationship between the drug categories used.

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The Changing Profile of Poisoning and its Management

Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine ◽

10.1177/014107689608901104 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 89 (11) ◽

pp. 608-610 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

A F MacNamara ◽

M S Riyat ◽

D N Quinton

Keyword(s):

Prescription Drugs ◽

Medical Management ◽

Illicit Drugs ◽

Great Majority ◽

Previous Survey ◽

Over The Counter ◽

Accident And Emergency ◽

Large Teaching Hospital ◽

Accident And Emergency Department ◽

Stomach Emptying

To identify changes in treatment methods and types of drugs taken in overdoses over a 10-year period we conducted a retrospective study in the accident and emergency department of a large teaching hospital. The influence of a protocol to direct medical management was also studied. Results were compared with those of a 1984 survey at the same institution. 409 cases of accidental and deliberate poisoning were reviewed. In deliberate poisoning 52% of drugs taken were prescription drugs, 41.6% over-the-counter medications and the remaining 6.4% illicit drugs. Only 13% of patients had a stomach emptying procedure compared with 75.2% of patients in the previous survey. Charcoal was administered or offered in over 95% of cases. Medical management of overdoses in this centre changed drastically over 10 years. A department protocol had been adhered to in the great majority of cases, and we recommend that all accident and emergency departments as well as medical and paediatric teams establish similar protocols. Over-the-counter drugs are increasingly troublesome, especially paracetamol, which accounts for 28.8% of drugs taken in deliberate overdose.

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The Use of Prescription Drugs and Drugs of Abuse for Neuroenhancement in Europe

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027/1016-9040/a000228 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 155-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Larissa J. Maier ◽

Michael P. Schaub

Keyword(s):

Prescription Drugs ◽

Illicit Drugs ◽

Adverse Reactions ◽

Low Dose ◽

Drugs Of Abuse ◽

Mental Performance ◽

Or Education ◽

Learning Techniques ◽

Monitoring The Future ◽

Definition Of

Abstract. Pharmacological neuroenhancement, defined as the misuse of prescription drugs, illicit drugs, or alcohol for the purpose of enhancing cognition, mood, or prosocial behavior, is not widespread in Europe – nevertheless, it does occur. Thus far, no drug has been proven as safe and effective for cognitive enhancement in otherwise healthy individuals. European studies have investigated the misuse of prescription and illicit stimulants to increase cognitive performance as well as the use of tranquilizers, alcohol, and cannabis to cope with stress related to work or education. Young people in educational settings report pharmacological neuroenhancement more frequently than those in other settings. Although the regular use of drugs for neuroenhancement is not common in Europe, the irregular and low-dose usage of neuroenhancers might cause adverse reactions. Previous studies have revealed that obtaining adequate amounts of sleep and using successful learning techniques effectively improve mental performance, whereas pharmacological neuroenhancement is associated with ambiguous effects. Therefore, non-substance-related alternatives should be promoted to cope with stressful situations. This paper reviews the recent research on pharmacological neuroenhancement in Europe, develops a clear definition of the substances used, and formulates recommendations for practitioners regarding how to react to requests for neuroenhancement drug prescriptions. We conclude that monitoring the future development of pharmacological neuroenhancement in Europe is important to provide effective preventive measures when required. Furthermore, substance use to cope with stress related to work or education should be studied in depth because it is likely more prevalent and dangerous than direct neuroenhancement.

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Socio Demographic and Clinical Profile of Indoor Female Patients of RINPAS

Indian Journal of Psychiatric Social Work ◽

10.29120/ijpsw.2017.v8.i1.13 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 33

Author(s):

Rajni Suri ◽

Anshu Suri ◽

Neelam Kumari ◽

Amool R. Singh ◽

Manisha Kiran

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Mentally Ill ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Health Problems ◽

High Rate ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Cross Sectional

The role of women is very crucial in our society. She cares for her parents, partner, children and other relatives. She performs all types of duties in family and also in the society without any expectations. Because of playing many roles, women often face many challenges in their life including both physical and mental. Mental health problems affect women and men equally, but some problems are more common among women including both physical and mental health problems. Aim of the study - The present study is aimed to describe and compare the clinical and socio-demographic correlates of female mentally ill patients.Â Methods and Materials: The study includes 180 female mentally ill patients based on cross sectional design and the sample for the study was drawn purposively. A semi structured socio-demographic data sheet was prepared to collect relevant information as per the need of the study. Result: The present study reveals that the socio-demographic factors contribute a vital role in mental illness. Findings also showed that majority of patients had mental problems in the age range of 20-30 have high rate. Illiterate and primary level of education and daily wage working women as well as low and middle socio-economic status women are more prone to have mental illness. Other factors like marital status, type of family and religion etc also important factors for mental illness. Keywords: Socio demographic profile, female, psychiatric patient

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Loneliness, social isolation and cardiovascular risk

British Journal of Cardiac Nursing ◽

10.12968/bjca.2019.0093 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (10) ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jackson Alun ◽

Barbara Murphy

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Social Isolation ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Cognitive Disorders ◽

Premature Death ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Cardiac Events ◽

Patients At Risk ◽

Traditional Risk Factors

Loneliness and social isolation are increasingly being acknowledged as risk factors for both physical and mental health problems. Recent statistics demonstrate that loneliness and isolation are on the rise internationally, to the point of being classed as an epidemic. In this paper, the authors outline some of the recent research linking loneliness and isolation to significant chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes; mental health disorders such as anxiety and depression; cognitive disorders and dementia. Isolation has also been shown to compromise recovery after acute cardiac events, being associated with increased hospital readmission and premature death. Indeed, isolation has now been identified as a risk factor equivalent in effect to traditional risk factors such as smoking, hypertension and obesity. While distinguishing between objective and subjective indicators of isolation, the authors highlight the complexity of this phenomenon, both in terms of definition and measurement, as well as the interplay between subjective and objective indicators. Important clinical implications for health professionals working with cardiac patients are also proposed, in terms of screening for isolation, and possible interventions to support patients at risk of isolation. The aim of the current article is to emphasise the importance of acknowledging loneliness and isolation as key risk factors requiring urgent attention, both in research and in clinical practice.

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