scholarly journals Contemporary Clinical Management of the Cerebral Complications of Preeclampsia

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan C. Kane ◽  
Alicia Dennis ◽  
Fabricio da Silva Costa ◽  
Louise Kornman ◽  
Shaun Brennecke
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Management ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Neurological Sequelae ◽  
Cerebral Complications ◽  
Contemporary Management

The neurological complications of preeclampsia and eclampsia are responsible for a major proportion of the morbidity and mortality arising from these conditions, for women and their infants alike. This paper outlines the evidence base for contemporary management principles pertaining to the neurological sequelae of preeclampsia, primarily from the maternal perspective, but with consideration of fetal and neonatal aspects as well. It concludes with a discussion regarding future directions in the management of this potentially lethal condition.

scholarly journals Neurological Complications of COVID-19: Underlying Mechanisms and Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 4081
Author(s):  
Ghaydaa A. Shehata ◽  
Kevin C. Lord ◽  
Michaela C. Grudzinski ◽  
Mohamed Elsayed ◽  
Ramy Abdelnaby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuromuscular Junctions ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Neurological Sequelae ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Demyelinating Disorders ◽  
Taste And Smell

COVID-19 is a severe respiratory disease caused by the newly identified human coronavirus (HCoV) Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus was discovered in December 2019, and in March 2020, the disease was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) due to a high number of cases. Although SARS-CoV-2 primarily affects the respiratory system, several studies have reported neurological complications in COVID-19 patients. Headache, dizziness, loss of taste and smell, encephalitis, encephalopathy, and cerebrovascular diseases are the most common neurological complications that are associated with COVID-19. In addition, seizures, neuromuscular junctions’ disorders, and Guillain–Barré syndrome were reported as complications of COVID-19, as well as neurodegenerative and demyelinating disorders. However, the management of these conditions remains a challenge. In this review, we discuss the prevalence, pathogenesis, and mechanisms of these neurological sequelae that are secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection. We aim to update neurologists and healthcare workers on the possible neurological complications associated with COVID-19 and the management of these disease conditions.

scholarly journals Preoperative cigarette smoking and short-term morbidity and mortality after cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis

Heart Asia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e011069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Gregory Ross Bayfield ◽  
Adrian Pannekoek ◽  
David Hao Tian
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Pulmonary Complications ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Increased Risk

Currently, the choice of whether or not to electively operate on current smokers is varied among cardiothoracic surgeons. This meta-analysis aims to determine whether preoperative current versus ex-smoking status is related to short-term postoperative morbidity and mortality in cardiac surgical patients. Systematic literature searches of the PubMed, MEDLINE and Cochrane databases were carried out to identify all studies in cardiac surgery that investigated the relationship between smoking status and postoperative outcomes. Extracted data were analysed by random effects models. Primary outcomes included 30-day or in-hospital all-cause mortality and pulmonary morbidity. Overall, 13 relevant studies were identified, with 34 230 patients in current or ex-smoking subgroups. There was no difference in mortality (p=0.93). Current smokers had significantly higher risk of overall pulmonary complications (OR 1.44; 95% CI 1.27 to 1.64; p<0.001) and postoperative pneumonia (OR 1.62; 95%  CI 1.27 to 2.06; p<0.001) as well as lower risk of postoperative renal complications (OR 0.82; 95%  CI 0.70 to 0.96; p=0.01) compared with ex-smokers. There was a trend towards an increased risk of postoperative MI (OR 1.29; 95%  CI 0.95 to 1.75; p=0.10). No difference in postoperative neurological complications (p=0.15), postoperative sternal surgical site infections (p=0.20) or postoperative length of intensive care unit stay (p=0.86) was seen. Cardiac surgical patients who are current smokers at the time of operation do not have an increased 30-day mortality risk compared with ex-smokers, although they are at significantly increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications.

scholarly journals The Other Side of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Neurological Sequelae in Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel M. Alonso-Bellido ◽  
Sara Bachiller ◽  
Guillermo Vázquez ◽  
Luis Cruz-Hernández ◽  
Emilio Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Immune Reaction ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disorders ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Neurological Sequelae ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Taste And Smell

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread around the globe causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Because it affects the respiratory system, common symptoms are cough and breathing difficulties with fever and fatigue. Also, some cases progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The acute phase of COVID-19 has been also related to nervous system symptoms, including loss of taste and smell as well as encephalitis and cerebrovascular disorders. However, it remains unclear if neurological complications are due to the direct viral infection of the nervous system, or they appear as a consequence of the immune reaction against the virus in patients who presented pre-existing deficits or had a certain detrimental immune response. Importantly, the medium and long-term consequences of the infection by SARS-CoV-2 in the nervous system remain at present unknown. This review article aims to give an overview of the current neurological symptoms associated with COVID-19, as well as attempting to provide an insight beyond the acute affectation.

Telepractice in Speech-Language Pathology: The Evidence, the Challenges, and the Future

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Theodoros
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Language And Literacy ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Future ◽  
Language Pathology

This article provides a review of the evidence base for telepractice in speech-language pathology, the challenges that exist, and the future directions for this field. It describes the benefits of telepractice for clients and their families and outlines the evidence currently available to support the validity and reliability of this mode of delivery in the management of adult neurogenic communication disorders (aphasia, dysarthria, apraxia of speech); voice disorders; stuttering; dysphagia; laryngectomy; and articulation, language, and literacy disorders in children. The challenges facing telepractice in speech-language pathology and the future directions for this field are discussed. Telepractice is an emerging area of service delivery in speech-language pathology that is likely to become an integral part of mainstream practice in the future. In order to achieve this, it is imperative that the profession accelerates its program of research and clinical endeavor in this area.

Communication between professionals

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane deLima Thomas ◽  
Amanda Moment ◽  
Janet Abrahm ◽  
Katie Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Conflict Management ◽  
Interdisciplinary Team ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Interprofessional Communication ◽  
Good Communication ◽  
Palliative Care Consultation ◽  
Care Consultation ◽  
Provider Outcomes

This chapter discusses the importance of communication between professionals in palliative care. It begins by describing the evidence base that shows that patient and provider outcomes are significantly related to the effectiveness of interprofessional communication. Next it outlines the principles of good interprofessional communication including the importance of adopting an attitude of curiosity, recognizing that communication happens at several levels simultaneously, and acknowledging the importance of skilful conflict management. The following section on communication among members of an interdisciplinary team (IDT) reviews the barriers to good IDT communication, including team organization, provider hierarchy, and professional identity. The next section on communication between palliative consultants and other clinicians discusses consultation etiquette and its evidence base; highlights some of the particular challenges faced by palliative care consultants; and describes strategies for good communication in palliative care consultation. The chapter concludes with a description of future directions in the study and promulgation of interprofessional communication and the role that the field of palliative care can play.

Rheumatoid Arthritis

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron E. Miller ◽  
Teresa M. DeAngelis
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Neurologic Complications ◽  
Neurological Sequelae ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Disease

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory disease that is characterized principally by a polyarthritis, but can result in several neurologic complications involving both the central and peripheral nervous system. In addition, several immunotherapies used to treat RA have been associated with neurological complications. In this chapter, we review the characteristic neurological sequelae of RA as well as the possible neurological consequences of its therapeutic regimens.

Generalist psychiatric treatments for borderline personality disorder: the evidence base and common factors

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony W. Bateman ◽  
Roy Krawitz
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Common Factors ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Outcome Studies ◽  
Supportive Psychotherapy

Chapter 2 discusses generalist psychiatric treatments for borderline personality disorder (BPD). It introduces the rationale for seeking common factors in treatment and provide a brief overview of some relevant literature, outlines the four generalist treatments that have been shown to be effective (structured clinical management (SCM), general psychiatric management (GPM), good clinical care (GCC), and supportive psychotherapy (SP)), describes the outcome studies of the four treatments, and reviews commonalities of the treatments.

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