scholarly journals Perfluorocarbon Liquid: Its Application in Vitreoretinal Surgery and Related Ocular Inflammation

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Yu ◽  
Kun Liu ◽  
Li Su ◽  
Xin Xia ◽  
Xun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Vitreoretinal Surgery ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Intraocular Lenses ◽  
Perfluorocarbon Liquid ◽  
Potential Toxicity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Perfluorocarbon Liquids

The application of perfluorocarbon liquids has been well acclaimed in vitreoretinal surgery. Its unique physical properties make it an ideal intraoperative tool to improve the efficiency and safety of surgical procedures in complicated cases. The main functions of perfluorocarbon liquids in vitreoretinal surgery include relocating and fixing the detached retina, displacing the subretinal and subchoroidal to fluid anteriorly, revealing proliferative vitreous retinopathy (PVR) for further maneuvers, protecting the macula from exposure to chemicals with potential toxicity, and assisting the removal of foreign body. The related clinical applications include retinal detachment with severe proliferative vitreoretinopathy, giant tear, diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and posterior dislocated crystalline and intraocular lenses. The application of perfluorocarbon liquids has been expended over the past fewer years. Several PFCLs related ocular inflammations have been observed inin vitrostudies, animal studies, and clinical follow-up. The complete removal of PFCLs is recommended at the end of the surgery in most cases.

scholarly journals Inflammation Induced by Perfluorocarbon Liquid: Intra- and Postoperative Use

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta S. Figueroa ◽  
Diego Ruiz Casas
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Reaction ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Vitreoretinal Surgery ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Perfluorocarbon Liquid ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Perfluorocarbon Liquids ◽  
Corneal Toxicity

Perfluorocarbon liquids (PFCLs) are useful and safe surgical tools in vitreoretinal surgery. The use of PFCL as a tamponade has been controversial due to the corneal toxicity, retinal infiltration, and inflammatory reaction in experimental studies. Several authors have studied in humans the anatomical and functional outcome and adverse effects of perfluorocarbon liquids used as short-, medium-, and long-term tamponade. PFCLs develop dispersion a few days after injection and droplets may move into the anterior chamber and cause corneal endothelial damage. When PFCLs are used as postoperative tamponades for more than one week, a foreign-body inflammatory reaction is observed in up to 30% of cases but such a reaction does not induce PVR, and it resolves after removal of PFCLs. Although most clinical studies have found no signs of retinal toxicity such as progressive visual acuity deterioration or macular anatomical changes, few performed ERG or retinal histological analysis.

scholarly journals Condensation on intraocular lenses during vitrectomy: effect of perfluorocarbon liquids

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
Yann Dacquay ◽  
Joseph R. Lee ◽  
Andrea Govetto ◽  
Matthias Elgeti ◽  
Wayne L Hubbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Intraocular Lenses ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Closed Chamber ◽  
Cooling Plate ◽  
Eye Model ◽  
Perfluorocarbon Liquids ◽  
Trained Observers

Purpose: To evaluate whether perfluorocarbon (PFO) liquids can exacerbate condensation on intraocular lenses (IOL).Methods: Two separate experiments were carried out. In the first experiment, a two-segment chamber was constructed out of glass and acrylic panels to serve as an in-vitro eye model. The chamber was placed on a non-activated cooling plate with two IOLs of the same material, one in each segment. 2.0 ml of PFO and/or water for the control were placed in the respective receptacle. The cooling plate was then activated to the desired temperatures. Condensation on the lenses was visually assessed via high-definition ultra-zoom camera by trained observers for three temperatures and three IOL materials.In the second experiment, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy wasemployed to determine the composition of the droplets forming after condensation.Results: The presence of PFO liquid in a closed chamber exacerbates the intensity and likelihood of condensation on all intraocular material types. Condensation of PFO on surfaces in the presence of water was confirmed with FTIR spectroscopy by the isolation of specific absorption bands. Furthermore, material type also affects the characteristics of condensation, with silicone lenses inducing the fastest rate and intensity of condensation.Conclusions: Our study shows that the presence of perfluoro-n-octane is a significant factor in the formation of condensation on the posterior surface of IOLs when performing vitrectomy in a pseudophakic patient with posterior capsulotomy. 

Surgical Approach to Frontal Sinus Osteoma: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 462-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan C. Watley ◽  
Eric R. Mong ◽  
Nikunj A. Rana ◽  
Elisa A. Illing ◽  
Mohamad R. Chaaban
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Surgical Approach ◽  
Frontal Sinus ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Open Approach ◽  
The Past

Background Osteoma of the paranasal sinuses are benign bony masses most commonly found in the frontal sinus. In the past, due to the anatomical complexity of the frontal sinus, these often required an open approach, but with the invention of angled tools and endoscopes, many rhinologists are now attempting endoscopic or combined resections. No large systematic reviews currently exist that describe the surgical management of frontal sinus osteoma. Objective To perform a systematic review detailing the surgical resection of frontal sinus osteoma. Review Methods: A systematic literature review was performed using PubMed, Embase, and Ovid databases. Data extracted included demographics, clinical presentation, radiologic, histologic findings, surgical approach, and recurrence. Results A total of 32 studies, with 477 surgically resected tumors, were included in the analysis. Sex data were available for 179 patients (M:F, 93:86), with a mean age of 43.2 years. All resected tumors presented symptomatically: facial pain/headache (80.2%), recurrent sinusitis (30.5%), mucocele (4.3%), cosmetic deformity other than proptosis (12.8%), and proptosis (5.5%). Transnasal endoscopic surgery alone was the most common surgical approach utilized (44.9%), followed by open osteoplastic flaps (36.9%) and endoscopic assisted (18.2%). Osteoma with anterior (79%) and posterior (73%) attachments were treated statistically more often with endoscopic approach compared with floor (42%) and extrasinus (50%) attachment ( P < .0005). There was no statistical difference in approach to masses that crossed the sagittal plane extending from the lamina papyracea (63% endoscopic, 29% endoscopic assisted, 8% open, P = .21). Mean follow-up was 29.7 months, with recurrence or persistent residual disease occurring in 12 patients. Conclusion Despite the increasing use of endoscopic alone procedures for expanding indications, patients may still require an open or endoscopic assisted approach for complete removal.

scholarly journals The fog, the attractive and the addictive: pulmonary effects of vaping with a focus on the contribution of each major vaping liquid constituent

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (157) ◽  
pp. 200268
Author(s):  
Ariane Lechasseur ◽  
Mathieu C. Morissette
Keyword(s):  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State

Vaping has become increasingly popular over the past decade. This pragmatic review presents the published biological effects of electronic cigarette vapour inhalation with a focus on the pulmonary effects. Special attention has been devoted to providing the documented effects specific to each major ingredient, namely propylene glycol/glycerol, nicotine and flavouring agents. For each ingredient, findings are divided according to the methodology used, being in vitro studies, animal studies and clinical studies. Finally, we provide thoughts and insights on the current state of understanding of the pulmonary effects of vaping, as well as novel research avenues and methodologies.

scholarly journals Combined Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery and 27-Gauge Transconjunctival Sutureless Vitrectomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Sami Yılmaz ◽  
Remzi Avcı ◽  
Ayşegül Mavi Yıldız
Keyword(s):  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Vitreoretinal Surgery ◽  
Future Trend ◽  
Intraocular Lenses ◽  
Combined Surgery ◽  
Retrospective Clinical Study ◽  
The Mean

Purpose. To report the outcomes of combined surgery using femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) and sutureless 27-gauge pars plana vitrectomy with intravitreal tamponade. Methods. This retrospective clinical study involved 23 eyes of 23 patients on whom combined vitreoretinal surgery was performed. Patients were initially given the femtosecond laser treatment that was performed after selection of capsulotomy and lens fragmentation patterns. The capsulotomy diameter was chosen as 4.9 mm in all patients. After the femtosecond laser, the sutureless phacovitrectomy procedure was performed. At the end of surgery, perfluoropropane or sterile air tamponade was applied. Results. The mean age of patients was 66.43 ± 7.61 (range, 54–83) years. Fifteen patients were females (65.2%). The mean follow-up was 16.09 ± 4.71 (range, 9–25) months. The most common surgical indication was epiretinal membrane (65.3%). The mean preoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.71 ± 0.44 (range, 1.7–0.3) logMAR, and the mean postoperative BCVA at 6 months was 0.16 ± 0.14 (range, 0.4–0) logMAR p<0.001. The mean target sphere refractive error was −0.24 ± 0.16 (range, −0.50–0.11) D, and the mean postoperative spherical equivalent refractive error was −0.14 ± 0.39 (range, −1.00–0.50) D at 6 months p=0.196. All intraocular lenses (IOLs) remained well centered in the capsular bag during surgery and follow-up. There was no iris capture, posterior synechiae, capsular opacification, or pseudophakic cystoid macular edema. The only complication related to femtosecond laser was two cases of subconjunctival haemorrhage related with suction. Conclusions. FLACS is a safe and effective technique providing the advantage of repeatable, precise capsulorhexis shape and size to achieve a well-centered and stable IOL postoperatively. These advantages can certainly improve the results of vitrectomy, especially in gas-filled eyes. FLACS and 27-gauge sutureless combined surgery may be a future trend in appropriate cases.

Experimental and Clinical Experience with an IM Pin External Skeletal Fixator Tie-in Configuration

1991 ◽  
Vol 4 (03) ◽  
pp. 86-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Foutz ◽  
W. G. Keller ◽  
J. Brown ◽  
D. N. Aron
Keyword(s):  
External Fixation ◽  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Fracture Repair ◽  
In Vitro Testing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lost To Follow Up ◽  
Fixation Frame ◽  
Unconventional Method

SummaryAn intramedullary (IM) pin external skeletal fixator “tie-in” configuration is described, for use as a stabilizing device, in the treatment of fractures of the humerus and femur in the dog and cat. With in vitro testing of the configuration using cadaver bones, more resistance to bending was gained by the tie-in arrangement than was possible with one not tied-in. Forty-one clinical cases documented the use of the tie-in configuration for fracture repair. Twenty-four dogs and 17 cats were treated over the past seven years. Fourteen were used to stabilize fractures of the humerus and 27 for the femur. Migration of the IM pin or external fixation frame was not seen and all of the cases went to bone union. The unconventional method of leaving the IM pin protruding from the skin did not lead to complications. All of the owners, contacted from one to two months after removal of the implants, reported their animals to have excellent or good results. Five animals were lost to follow-up.

scholarly journals New technique for removal of perfluorocarbon liquid related sticky silicone oil and literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1903-1908
Author(s):  
Hai-Shuang Lin ◽  
◽  
Lu Zhang ◽  
En-Ze Liu ◽  
Ling-Ying Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Oil Removal ◽  
Perfluorocarbon Liquid ◽  
Silicone Oil Removal ◽  
Inner Limiting Membrane ◽  
History Of ◽  
Oil Injection

AIM: To investigate the safety and efficacy of sticky silicone oil (SSO) removal using a 22-gauge vein detained needle and inner limiting membrane (ILM) wrap-and-peel technique. METHODS: This retrospective consecutive case series reviewed the records of patients with a history of retinal detachment who had received silicone oil and perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) as intraocular tamponades. Patients were included in the analysis if they exhibited SSO remnants during silicone oil removal. The aspiration of most of the SSO remnants was performed by a 22-gauge vein detained needle. The small amounts of droplets adhered to the macula and epi-macular membrane were subsequently removed by the ILM warp-and-peel technique. The anatomical and functional outcomes, and postoperative complications were recorded. In vitro experiments were performed to simulate the formation of SSO remnants in four groups. RESULTS: Of 711 patients who underwent silicone oil removal during the study period, 9 patients exhibited SSO remnants and underwent follow-up for at least 3mo. Seven eyes (78%) underwent the ILM wrap-and-peel technique to completely remove small droplets of SSO that were glued to the macula and epi-macular membrane. No obvious complications occurred. Postoperative optical coherence tomography revealed normal retinal structure in all patients. In vitro analyses showed that balanced salt solution and prolonged vibration (for 1wk) had the strongest effects on silicone oil and PFCL compound opacities. CONCLUSION: SSO remnants could be removed in an intact manner and without complications, using a vein detained needle-assisted and ILM wrap-and-peel technique. The findings suggest that PFCL and infusion fluid should be completely removed before silicone oil injection to prevent SSO formation.

scholarly journals Three dimensional and microphysiological bone marrow models detect in vivo positive compounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhiannon David ◽  
Sarah Gee ◽  
Kainat Khan ◽  
Amy Wilson ◽  
Ann Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Polymerase Inhibitor ◽  
Genotoxicity Testing

AbstractMicronucleus (MN) assessment is a valuable tool in safety assessment. However, several compounds are positive in the in vivo bone marrow (BM) MN assay but negative in vitro, reflecting that BM complexity is not recapitulated in vitro. Importantly, these compounds are not genotoxic; rather, drug-driven pharmacological-effects on the BM increase MN, however, without mechanistic understanding, in vivo positives stop drug-progression. Thus, physiologically-relevant BM models are required to bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo. The current study aimed to investigate the utility of two human 3D BM models (fluidic and static) for MN assessment. MN induction following treatment with etoposide and Poly-ADP Ribose Polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) and prednisolone (negative in vitro, positive in vivo) was determined in 2D L5178Y and human BM cells, and the 3D BM models. Etoposide (0–0.070 µM) and PARPi (0–150 µM) induced MN in both 3D BM models indicating their utility for genotoxicity testing. Interestingly, PARPi treatment induced a MN trend in 3D more comparable to in vivo. Importantly, prednisolone (0–1.7 mM) induced MN in both 3D BM models, suggesting recapitulation of the in vivo microenvironment. These models could provide a valuable tool to follow up, and eventually predict, suspected pharmacological mechanisms, thereby reducing animal studies.

Decellularized bone extracellular matrix in skeletal tissue engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-764
Author(s):  
Benjamin B. Rothrauff ◽  
Rocky S. Tuan
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
Skeletal Tissue ◽  
Large Bone

Bone possesses an intrinsic regenerative capacity, which can be compromised by aging, disease, trauma, and iatrogenesis (e.g. tumor resection, pharmacological). At present, autografts and allografts are the principal biological treatments available to replace large bone segments, but both entail several limitations that reduce wider use and consistent success. The use of decellularized extracellular matrices (ECM), often derived from xenogeneic sources, has been shown to favorably influence the immune response to injury and promote site-appropriate tissue regeneration. Decellularized bone ECM (dbECM), utilized in several forms — whole organ, particles, hydrogels — has shown promise in both in vitro and in vivo animal studies to promote osteogenic differentiation of stem/progenitor cells and enhance bone regeneration. However, dbECM has yet to be investigated in clinical studies, which are needed to determine the relative efficacy of this emerging biomaterial as compared with established treatments. This mini-review highlights the recent exploration of dbECM as a biomaterial for skeletal tissue engineering and considers modifications on its future use to more consistently promote bone regeneration.

Bioengineered in vitro Vascular Models for Applications in Interventional Radiology

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (45) ◽  
pp. 5367-5374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyun Li ◽  
Seyed M. Moosavi-Basri ◽  
Rahul Sheth ◽  
Xiaoying Wang ◽  
Yu S. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Interventional Radiology ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
The Past ◽  
Endovascular Interventions ◽  
Conventional Animal ◽  
Vascular Structures

The role of endovascular interventions has progressed rapidly over the past several decades. While animal models have long-served as the mainstay for the advancement of this field, the use of in vitro models has become increasingly widely adopted with recent advances in engineering technologies. Here, we review the strategies, mainly including bioprinting and microfabrication, which allow for fabrication of biomimetic vascular models that will potentially serve to supplement the conventional animal models for convenient investigations of endovascular interventions. Besides normal blood vessels, those in diseased states, such as thrombosis, may also be modeled by integrating cues that simulate the microenvironment of vascular disorders. These novel engineering strategies for the development of biomimetic in vitro vascular structures will possibly enable unconventional means of studying complex endovascular intervention problems that are otherwise hard to address using existing models.

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