scholarly journals Natural Product Polyamines That Inhibit Human Carbonic Anhydrases

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohan A. Davis ◽  
Daniela Vullo ◽  
Claudiu T. Supuran ◽  
Sally-Ann Poulsen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Product ◽  
Drug Target ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrases ◽  
Core Fragment ◽  
Ca Ix ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Product Compound

Natural product compound collections have proven an effective way to access chemical diversity and recent findings have identified phenolic, coumarin, and polyamine natural products as atypical chemotypes that inhibit carbonic anhydrases (CAs). CA enzymes are implicated as targets of variable drug therapeutic classes and the discovery of selective, drug-like CA inhibitors is essential. Just two natural product polyamines, spermine and spermidine, have until now been investigated as CA inhibitors. In this study, five more complex natural product polyamines1–5, derived from either marine sponge or fungi, were considered for inhibition of six different human CA isozymes of interest in therapeutic drug development. All compounds share a simple polyamine core fragment, either spermine or spermidine, yet display substantially different structure activity relationships for CA inhibition. Notably, polyamines1–5were submicromolar inhibitors of the cancer drug target CA IX, this is more potent than either spermine or spermidine.

Rational design and structure–activity relationship studies of quercetin–amino acid hybrids targeting the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (37) ◽  
pp. 7956-7976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahsin F. Kellici ◽  
Maria V. Chatziathanasiadou ◽  
Min-Sung Lee ◽  
Nisar Sayyad ◽  
Elena G. Geromichalou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Drug Target ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Structure Activity Relationship ◽  
Activity Relationship ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Apoptotic Protein ◽  
Apoptotic Proteins

Anti-apoptotic proteins, like the Bcl-2 family proteins, present an important therapeutic cancer drug target.

Melatonin modifies tumor hypoxia and metabolism by inhibiting HIF-1α and energy metabolic pathway in the in vitro and in vivo models of breast cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
André De Lima Mota ◽  
Bruna Vitorasso Jardim-Perassi ◽  
Tialfi Bergamin De Castro ◽  
Jucimara Colombo ◽  
Nathália Martins Sonehara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrases ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Ca Ix ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and has a high mortality rate. Adverse conditions in the tumor microenvironment, such as hypoxia and acidosis, may exert selective pressure on the tumor, selecting subpopulations of tumor cells with advantages for survival in this environment. In this context, therapeutic agents that can modify these conditions, and consequently the intratumoral heterogeneity need to be explored. Melatonin, in addition to its physiological effects, exhibits important anti-tumor actions which may associate with modification of hypoxia and Warburg effect. In this study, we have evaluated the action of melatonin on tumor growth and tumor metabolism by different markers of hypoxia and glucose metabolism (HIF-1α, glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT3 and carbonic anhydrases CA-IX and CA-XII) in triple negative breast cancer model. In an in vitro study, gene and protein expressions of these markers were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR and immunocytochemistry, respectively. The effects of melatonin were also tested in a MDA-MB-231 xenograft animal model. Results showed that melatonin treatment reduced the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells and tumor growth in Balb/c nude mice (p <0.05). The treatment significantly decreased HIF-1α gene and protein expression concomitantly with the expression of GLUT1, GLUT3, CA-IX and CA-XII (p <0.05). These results strongly suggest that melatonin down-regulates HIF-1α expression and regulates glucose metabolism in breast tumor cells, therefore, controlling hypoxia and tumor progression. 

Rapid Elaboration of Fragments into Leads Applied to Bromodomain-3 Extra Terminal Domain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Adams ◽  
Lorna E. Wilkinson-White ◽  
Menachem J. Gunzburg ◽  
Stephen J. Headey ◽  
Martin J. Scanlon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binding Site ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Peptide Binding ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Chemical Probes ◽  
Protein Targets ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Peptide Binding Site ◽  
Selection Of

The development of low-affinity fragment hits into higher affinity leads is a major hurdle in fragment-based drug design. Here we demonstrate an approach for the Rapid Elaboration of Fragments into Leads (REFiL) applying an integrated workflow that provides a systematic approach to generate higher-affinity binders without the need for structural information. The workflow involves the selection of commercial analogues of fragment hits to generate preliminary structure-activity relationships. This is followed by parallel microscale chemistry using chemoinformatically designed reagent libraries to rapidly explore chemical diversity. Upon completion of a fragment screen against Bromodomain-3 extra terminal (BRD3-ET) domain we applied the REFiL workflow, which allowed us to develop a series of tetrahydrocarbazole ligands that bind to the peptide binding site of BRD3-ET. With REFiL we were able to rapidly improve binding affinity >30-fold. The REFiL workflow can be applied readily to a broad range of protein targets without the need of a structure, allowing the efficient evolution of low-affinity fragments into higher affinity leads and chemical probes.<br>

Are Carbonic Anhydrases Suitable Targets to Fight Protozoan Parasitic Diseases?

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (39) ◽  
pp. 5266-5278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katia D'Ambrosio ◽  
Claudiu T. Supuran ◽  
Giuseppina De Simone
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Drug Target ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrases ◽  
Extensive Drug Resistance ◽  
Protozoan Infections

Protozoans belonging to Plasmodium, Leishmania and Trypanosoma genera provoke widespread parasitic diseases with few treatment options and many of the clinically used drugs experiencing an extensive drug resistance phenomenon. In the last several years, the metalloenzyme Carbonic Anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) was cloned and characterized in the genome of these protozoa, with the aim to search for a new drug target for fighting malaria, leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. P. falciparum encodes for a CA (PfCA) belonging to a novel genetic family, the η-CA class, L. donovani chagasi for a β-CA (LdcCA), whereas T. cruzi genome contains an α-CA (TcCA). These three enzymes were characterized in detail and a number of in vitro potent and selective inhibitors belonging to the sulfonamide, thiol, dithiocarbamate and hydroxamate classes were discovered. Some of these inhibitors were also effective in cell cultures and animal models of protozoan infections, making them of considerable interest for the development of new antiprotozoan drugs with a novel mechanism of action.

Inhibitor Binding Sites in the Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase SHP-2

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1017-1030
Author(s):  
Haonan Zhang ◽  
Zhengquan Gao ◽  
Chunxiao Meng ◽  
Xiangqian Li ◽  
Dayong Shi
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecule ◽  
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Drug Target ◽  
Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Cellular Activity ◽  
Binding Modes ◽  
Inhibitor Binding ◽  
Protein Tyrosine

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP-2) has long been proposed as a cancer drug target. Several small-molecule compounds with different mechanisms of SHP-2 inhibition have been reported, but none are commercially available. Pool selectivity over protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 (SHP-1) and a lack of cellular activity have hindered the development of selective SHP-2 inhibitors. In this review, we describe the binding modes of existing inhibitors and SHP-2 binding sites, summarize the characteristics of the sites involved in selectivity, and identify the suitable groups for interaction with the binding sites.

Multi-Targeting Anticancer Agents: Rational Approaches, Synthetic Routes and Structure Activity Relationship

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 842-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harbinder Singh ◽  
Nihar Kinarivala ◽  
Sahil Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Cancer Drug Discovery ◽  
Dual Targeting ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Dual Inhibitors ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Synthetic Routes

We live in a world with complex diseases such as cancer which cannot be cured with one-compound one-target based therapeutic paradigm. This could be due to the involvement of multiple pathogenic mechanisms. One-compound-various-targets stratagem has become a prevailing research topic in anti-cancer drug discovery. The simultaneous interruption of two or more targets has improved the therapeutic efficacy as compared to the specific targeted based therapy. In this review, six types of dual targeting agents along with some interesting strategies used for their design and synthesis are discussed. Their pharmacology with various types of the molecular interactions within their specific targets has also been described. This assemblage will reveal the recent trends and insights in front of the scientific community working in dual inhibitors and help them in designing the next generation of multi-targeted anti-cancer agents.

Beyond peptide bond formation: the versatile role of condensation domains in natural product biosynthesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofie Dekimpe ◽  
Joleen Masschelein
Keyword(s):  
Natural Product ◽  
Bond Formation ◽  
Peptide Bond ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Peptide Bond Formation ◽  
Natural Product Biosynthesis

Condensation domains perform highly diverse functions during natural product biosynthesis and are capable of generating remarkable chemical diversity.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Molecular Docking Analysis and Biological Evaluations of Saccharide-Modified Thiadiazole Sulfonamide Derivatives

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5482
Author(s):  
Zuo-Peng Zhang ◽  
Ye Zhong ◽  
Zhen-Bin Han ◽  
Lin Zhou ◽  
Hua-Sheng Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrases ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Docking Analysis ◽  
Human Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Hypoxic Conditions ◽  
Ca Ix ◽  
Topological Polar Surface Area ◽  
Ht 29

A series of saccharide-modified thiadiazole sulfonamide derivatives has been designed and synthesized by the “tail approach” and evaluated for inhibitory activity against carbonic anhydrases II, IX, and XII. Most of the compounds showed high topological polar surface area (TPSA) values and excellent enzyme inhibitory activity. The impacts of some compounds on the viability of HT-29, MDA-MB-231, and MG-63 human cancer cell lines were examined under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions, and they showed certain inhibitory effects on cell viability. Moreover, it was found that the series of compounds had the ability to raise the pH of the tumor cell microenvironment. All the results proved that saccharide-modified thiadiazole sulfonamides have important research prospects for the development of CA IX inhibitors.

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