scholarly journals A Study of the Uptake of Heavy Metals by Plants near Metal-Scrap Dumpsite in Zaria, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakka Israila Yashim ◽  
Omoniyi Kehinde Israel ◽  
Musa Hannatu
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Control Area ◽  
World Health ◽  
Metal Scrap ◽  
Rumex Acetosa

The research work investigates the metal uptake of the plants Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato), Rumex acetosa (sorrel), and Solanum melongena (garden egg) collected from experimental sites and a control area in Zaria, Nigeria. The concentrations of Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, and Zn in different parts of each of the plant species grown on the experimental and control soils were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The experimental levels of the metals were higher than those at the control site and the limits recommended by Food and Agricultural Organisation/World Health Organisation (FAO/WHO). Solanum melongena showed bioaccumulation factor (BF) and transfer factor (TF) greater than 1 for Cd, Pb, and Mn; Rumex acetosa showed BF and TF greater than 1 for Mn and Zn, and TF was greater than 1 for Cu and Fe; Lycopersicon esculentum had only the TF for Fe, Pb, Mn, and Zn greater than 1. This results implies that Solanum melongena and Rumex acetosa plants can be effectively used for phytoremediation of Cd, Pb, Mn, and Zn from the dumpsite. Pearson’s correlation coefficient values (r) were greater than 0.75 for all the metals studied which indicated that the high metal level in the experimental soil was a result of the metal-scrap.

scholarly journals Dengue-free community as an approach for understanding the value and challenges of inter-agencies partnerships in an intervention program

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidayatulfathi Othman ◽  
Saiful Azlan Nordin ◽  
Norazimah Abdul Rashid ◽  
Mohamed Badrul Hisham Abas ◽  
Rozita Hod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Program ◽  
Local Level ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Social Mobilization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Community Approach ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dengue Prevention ◽  
Dengue Control

Background: One of the key requirements for accomplishing a mutual goal is the formation of partnerships. ‘Partnership’ is an ill-defined concept, subject to multiple interpretations and frequently used interchangeably with alliance, coalition, network and collaboration among other terms. World Health Organisation had emphasized dengue prevention and control as a top priority, thus an inter agencies strategy and intervention study was launched to document the effectiveness of a local-level inter agencies approach and partnerships.Methods: The Free-Dengue Community approach, which involved stakeholder partnerships between parties such as the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Science, Technology, Local Municipalities, Health District Offices and National University of Malaysia, was developed as an inter-agencies plan for dengue prevention, of which the core objective was to design and implement activities for communication and social mobilization. In the control area, routine dengue control activities continued without additional input.  Entomological indices were compared within and between the areas before and after the 12 week intervention period.Results: The approach consolidated the inter-agencies partnerships whereby the dengue cases in the localities had dropped and via this study, the module of Dengue-Free Community was mapped and documented. The result also highlighted the contributions made by each of the partner in bringing down the dengue cases in the selected localities. Furthermore, the number of ovitrap index also decreasing proving that the approach is effective. The community kit and home-kit provided to the community also helped in reducing the number of Aedes eggs in the intervention program.Conclusions: The partnership using the Dengue-Free Community approach achieved its aim of increasing the level of cooperation between the authorities to support social mobilization, and results shed light on how to tackle the challenges of inter-agency partnerships and the required approach for a better understanding of the levels at which individuals operate within such partnerships. 

Classification of Headaches

Cephalalgia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 770-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Göbel
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
International Headache Society ◽  
Research Work ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Federation ◽  
Headache Classification ◽  
The World ◽  
Neurological Research

It was not until 1962 that the Ad-Hoc Committee of the National Institute of Health first published a classification of headache syndromes by brief glossary definitions. The general disadvantage of such glossary definitions is that they require subjective interpretation. Therefore under the chairmanship of Prof. Jes Olesen, Copenhagen, the International Headache Society published in 1988 on the basis of empirical findings a first ever headache classification using operationalized criteria. The headache classification of the International Headache Society was immediately translated into the world’s major languages and was adopted by all national headache societies represented in the International Headache Society, the World Health Organisation and the World Federation of Neurology. The new classification proved so successful and enjoyed such rapid international acceptance that no revision was undertaken until 1999. The second edition, again under the chairmanship of Prof. Jes Olesen, will probably be completed in 2002. The classification produced such a high degree of inspiration and motivation of pathophysiological and epidemiological research work that knowledge in the field of headache has displayed growth unparalleled in any other field of neurological research. This development was made possible by the determined work of the Chairman of the Headache Classification Committee, Prof. Jes Olesen. He succeeded in bringing together international researchers, motivating them and jointly turning the current fund of knowledge into a evidence-based classification. Prof. Jes Olesen thus performed the decisive pioneering work for all those who have to do with headaches–patients, doctors and scientists. The IHS classification is the most frequently cited text and one of the most important milestones in the history of the scientific study of headaches.

scholarly journals Determination of Carbamate and Organophosphorus Pesticides in Vegetable Samples and the Efficiency of Gamma-Radiation in Their Removal

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammed Alamgir Zaman Chowdhury ◽  
Iffat Jahan ◽  
Nurul Karim ◽  
Mohammad Khorshed Alam ◽  
Mohammad Abdur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticide ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vegetable Samples ◽  
Pirimiphos Methyl ◽  
Maximum Residue Levels

In the present study, the residual pesticide levels were determined in eggplants (Solanum melongena)(n=16), purchased from four different markets in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The carbamate and organophosphorus pesticide residual levels were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the efficiency of gamma radiation on pesticide removal in three different types of vegetables was also studied. Many (50%) of the samples contained pesticides, and three samples had residual levels above the maximum residue levels determined by the World Health Organisation. Three carbamates (carbaryl, carbofuran, and pirimicarb) and six organophosphates (phenthoate, diazinon, parathion, dimethoate, phosphamidon, and pirimiphos-methyl) were detected in eggplant samples; the highest carbofuran level detected was 1.86 mg/kg, while phenthoate was detected at 0.311 mg/kg. Gamma radiation decreased pesticide levels proportionately with increasing radiation doses. Diazinon, chlorpyrifos, and phosphamidon were reduced by 40–48%, 35–43%, and 30–45%, respectively, when a radiation strength of 0.5 kGy was utilized. However, when the radiation dose was increased to 1.0 kGy, the levels of the pesticides were reduced to 85–90%, 80–91%, and 90–95%, respectively. In summary, our study revealed that pesticide residues are present at high amounts in vegetable samples and that gamma radiation at 1.0 kGy can remove 80–95% of some pesticides.

Classification of Headaches

Cephalalgia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 770-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Göbel
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
International Headache Society ◽  
Research Work ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Federation ◽  
Headache Classification ◽  
The World ◽  
Neurological Research

It was not until 1962 that the Ad-Hoc Committee of the National Institute of Health first published a classification of headache syndromes by brief glossary definitions. The general disadvantage of such glossary definitions is that they require subjective interpretation. Therefore under the chairmanship of Prof. Jes Olesen, Copenhagen, the International Headache Society published in 1988 on the basis of empirical findings a first ever headache classification using operationalized criteria. The headache classification of the International Headache Society was immediately translated into the world's major languages and was adopted by all national headache societies represented in the International Headache Society, the World Health Organisation and the World Federation of Neurology. The new classification proved so successful and enjoyed such rapid international acceptance that no revision was undertaken until 1999. The second edition, again under the chairmanship of Prof. Jes Olesen, will probably be completed in 2002. The classification produced such a high degree of inspiration and motivation of pathophysiological and epidemiological research work that knowledge in the field of headache has displayed growth unparalleled in any other field of neurological research. This development was made possible by the determined work of the Chairman of the Headache Classification Committee, Prof. Jes Olesen. He succeeded in bringing together international researchers, motivating them and jointly turning the current fund of knowledge into a evidence-based classification. Prof. Jes Olesen thus performed the decisive pioneering work for all those who have to do with headaches-patients, doctors and scientists. The IHS classification is the most frequently cited text and one of the most important milestones in the history of the scientific study of headaches.

MATHEMATICAL MODEL AND DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF COVID-19: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalita Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Research Work ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
The Mathematical Model

Coronavirus (covid-19) is an infectious respiratory disease caused by the newly discovered virus. Affecting 219 countries and territories, a total of 101,561,219 confirmed cases and 2,196,944 deaths worldwide as per 30th January 2021 reported by World Health Organisation (WHO). In this study, the main emphasis is given to the effects of the active and sensitive parameters such as basic reproduction number and transmission rate to analyze the spread of coronavirus. The basic goal of this systematic review paper is to make a comprehensive clear understanding of the mathematical model on the covid-19 of previous research work by collating all the necessary and useful information of different countries to utilize the available covid related data for the welfare of every single country across the world. A comprehensive study of the mathematical model will also give an insight to the readers to understand better this virus to predict the target accurately or at least near the target. In the conclusion, the current art-of-state methods and their optimum analysis are enumerated.

A Collaborative Study to Establish the Second International Standard for Streptokinase

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (02) ◽  
pp. 267-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
A B Heath ◽  
P J Gaffney
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Accelerated Degradation ◽  
The World ◽  
International Collaborative Study

SummaryAn International Standard for Streptokinase - Streptodomase (62/7) has been used to calibrate high purity clinical batches of SK since 1965. An international collaborative study, involving six laboratories, was undertaken to replace this standard with a high purity standard for SK. Two candidate preparations (88/826 and 88/824) were compared by a clot lysis assay with the current standard (62/7). Potencies of 671 i.u. and 461 i.u. were established for preparations A (88/826) and B (88/824), respectively.Either preparation appeared suitable to serve as a standard for SK. However, each ampoule of preparation A (88/826) contains a more appropriate amount of SK activity for potency testing, and is therefore preferred. Accelerated degradation tests indicate that preparation A (88/826) is very stable.The high purity streptokinase preparation, coded 88/826, has been established by the World Health Organisation as the 2nd International Standard for Streptokinase, with an assigned potency of 700 i.u. per ampoule.

A Collaborative Study to Establish an International Standard for Alpha-Thrombin

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (04) ◽  
pp. 424-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Gaffney ◽  
A B Heath ◽  
J W Fenton II
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Thrombin Inhibitors ◽  
World Health ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Assay Procedure ◽  
And Control

SummarySince 1975 an International Standard for Thrombin of low purity has been used. While this standard was stable and of value for calibrating thrombins of unknown potency the need for a pure a-thrombin standard arose both for accurate calibration and for precise measurement of thrombin inhibitors, notably hirudin. An international collaborative study was undertaken to establish the potency and stability of an ampouled pure a-thrombin preparation. A potency of 97.5 international units (95% confidence limits 86.5-98.5) was established for the new a-thrombin standard (89/ 588) using a clotting-assay procedure. Stability data at various elevated temperatures indicated that the standard could be transported and stored with no significant loss of potency.Ampoules of lyophilised a-thrombin (coded 89/588) have been recommended as an International Standard for a-thrombin with an assigned potency of 100 international units per ampoule by the International Society for Thrombosis and Haemostasis (Thrombin and its Inhibitors Sub-Committee) in Barcelona, Spain in July 1990 while the Expert Committee on Biological Standardisation and Control of the World Health Organisation will consider its status at its next meeting in Geneva in 1991.

ANTARA SUNNAH DAN TRADISI (Khitan Muallaf Perempuan Baligh di Jayapura, Papua)

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-284
Author(s):  
Hendra Yulia Rahman
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health

Masyarakat Indonesia pada umumnya khususnya yang bergama Islam, memiliki kebiasaan mengkhitankan anak perempuannya dan memandang ini sebagai sunnah, hal ini juga dilakukan masyarakat di negara-negara lain yang memiliki penduduk pemeluk agama Islam. Pada umumnya masyarakat megkhitankan anak perempuannya, ketika masih bayi dan meyakininya sebagai bentuk kewajiban dari perintah agama. Badan kesehatan dunia World Health Organisation (WHO) melakukan pelarangan segala bentuk khitan pada perempuan, karena dianggap sebagai bentuk kekerasan pada perempuan dengan menyakiti dan merusak alat reproduksi perempuan. Khitan perempuan dianggap sebagai tradisi yang sudah lama ada tengah-tengah masyarakat baik yang muslim maupun yang non muslim, yang dalam pelaksanaannya lebih dimaksudkan sebagai upaya pengontrolan seksualitas perempuan. Muallaf perempuan baligh khususnya di wilayah kota Jayapura, Papua rata-rata melakukan khitan, yang menurut mereka merupakan bagian dari perintah agama. Bahwasanya khitan muallaf perempuan baligh di kota Jayapaura merupakan sebuah tradisi yang terus berlangsung, dan tradisi tersebut sejalan dengan sunnah.

Comparative docking of SARS-CoV-2 receptors antagonists from repurposing drugs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micael Davi Lima de Oliveira ◽  
Kelson Mota Teixeira de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Lung Cells ◽  
The Novel ◽  
High Modulation ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Viral Receptors ◽  
Theoretical Results

According to the World Health Organisation, until 16 June, 2020, the number of confirmed and notified cases of COVID-19 has already exceeded 7.9 million with approximately 434 thousand deaths worldwide. This research aimed to find repurposing antagonists, that may inhibit the activity of the main protease (Mpro) of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, as well as partially modulate the ACE2 receptors largely found in lung cells, and reduce viral replication by inhibiting Nsp12 RNA polymerase. Docking molecular simulations were performed among a total of 60 structures, most of all, published in the literature against the novel coronavirus. The theoretical results indicated that, in comparative terms, paritaprevir, ivermectin, ledipasvir, and simeprevir, are among the most theoretical promising drugs in remission of symptoms from the disease. Furthermore, also corroborate indinavir to the high modulation in viral receptors. The second group of promising drugs includes remdesivir and azithromycin. The repurposing drugs HCQ and chloroquine were not effective in comparative terms to other drugs, as monotherapies, against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Osseointegrated Implants: A Comprehensive Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Matheus Marquez Cruvinel Santos ◽  
◽  
Flávio Barros da Silva ◽  
Idiberto José Zotarelli-Filho ◽  
Elias Naim Kassis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implants ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Density Level ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Osseointegrated Implants ◽  
Bone Mineral Density Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Normal Women

The most common bone disorder found by implant dentists is osteoporosis, which is a systemic skeletal disorder associated with aging, which is characterized by loss of bone mass, making bones fragile and more susceptible to fractures. The World Health Organisation has defined osteoporosis as a bone mineral density level greater than 2.5 standard deviations below the mean of young normal women. After 60 years of age, a third of the population have this disorder, it occurs twice as often in women than in men. It is estimated that 1.3 million fractures and 133,000 all hip fractures occur every year as a result of osteoporosis. This study aimed to discuss aspects of the pharmacological action of Bisphosphonates (BP) and their influence on the bone tissue when associated with treatment with dental implants. There are several types of treatments that prevent or prevent the progression of osteoporosis. So, BP, such as alendronate, are inhibitors of bone resorption. Act as controlling the development of osteoporosis by increasing the process of bone density and decrease its reabsorption, often acting as supporting the process of osseointegration of dental implants.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document