scholarly journals Dengue-free community as an approach for understanding the value and challenges of inter-agencies partnerships in an intervention program

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidayatulfathi Othman ◽  
Saiful Azlan Nordin ◽  
Norazimah Abdul Rashid ◽  
Mohamed Badrul Hisham Abas ◽  
Rozita Hod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Program ◽  
Local Level ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Social Mobilization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Community Approach ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dengue Prevention ◽  
Dengue Control

Background: One of the key requirements for accomplishing a mutual goal is the formation of partnerships. ‘Partnership’ is an ill-defined concept, subject to multiple interpretations and frequently used interchangeably with alliance, coalition, network and collaboration among other terms. World Health Organisation had emphasized dengue prevention and control as a top priority, thus an inter agencies strategy and intervention study was launched to document the effectiveness of a local-level inter agencies approach and partnerships.Methods: The Free-Dengue Community approach, which involved stakeholder partnerships between parties such as the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Science, Technology, Local Municipalities, Health District Offices and National University of Malaysia, was developed as an inter-agencies plan for dengue prevention, of which the core objective was to design and implement activities for communication and social mobilization. In the control area, routine dengue control activities continued without additional input.  Entomological indices were compared within and between the areas before and after the 12 week intervention period.Results: The approach consolidated the inter-agencies partnerships whereby the dengue cases in the localities had dropped and via this study, the module of Dengue-Free Community was mapped and documented. The result also highlighted the contributions made by each of the partner in bringing down the dengue cases in the selected localities. Furthermore, the number of ovitrap index also decreasing proving that the approach is effective. The community kit and home-kit provided to the community also helped in reducing the number of Aedes eggs in the intervention program.Conclusions: The partnership using the Dengue-Free Community approach achieved its aim of increasing the level of cooperation between the authorities to support social mobilization, and results shed light on how to tackle the challenges of inter-agency partnerships and the required approach for a better understanding of the levels at which individuals operate within such partnerships. 

scholarly journals A Study of the Uptake of Heavy Metals by Plants near Metal-Scrap Dumpsite in Zaria, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakka Israila Yashim ◽  
Omoniyi Kehinde Israel ◽  
Musa Hannatu
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Control Area ◽  
World Health ◽  
Metal Scrap ◽  
Rumex Acetosa

The research work investigates the metal uptake of the plants Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato), Rumex acetosa (sorrel), and Solanum melongena (garden egg) collected from experimental sites and a control area in Zaria, Nigeria. The concentrations of Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, and Zn in different parts of each of the plant species grown on the experimental and control soils were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The experimental levels of the metals were higher than those at the control site and the limits recommended by Food and Agricultural Organisation/World Health Organisation (FAO/WHO). Solanum melongena showed bioaccumulation factor (BF) and transfer factor (TF) greater than 1 for Cd, Pb, and Mn; Rumex acetosa showed BF and TF greater than 1 for Mn and Zn, and TF was greater than 1 for Cu and Fe; Lycopersicon esculentum had only the TF for Fe, Pb, Mn, and Zn greater than 1. This results implies that Solanum melongena and Rumex acetosa plants can be effectively used for phytoremediation of Cd, Pb, Mn, and Zn from the dumpsite. Pearson’s correlation coefficient values (r) were greater than 0.75 for all the metals studied which indicated that the high metal level in the experimental soil was a result of the metal-scrap.

Strength training alters MCT1-protein expression and exercise-induced translocation in erythrocytes of men with non-insulin-dependent type-2 diabetes

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Opitz ◽  
Thorsten Kreutz ◽  
Edward Lenzen ◽  
Benedict Dillkofer ◽  
Patrick Wahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Cellular Membrane ◽  
World Health ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Dependent Type

We investigated the cellular distribution of lactate transporter (MCT1) and its chaperone CD147 (using immunohistochemistry and fluorescence-activated cell sorting) in the erythrocytes of men with non-insulin-dependent type-2 diabetes (NIDDM, n = 11, 61 ± 8 years of age) under acute exercise (ergometer cycling test, World Health Organisation scheme) performed before and after a 3-month strength training program. Cytosolic MCT1 distribution and membraneous CD147 density did not change after acute exercise (ergometer). After the 3-month strength training, MCT1-density was increased and the reaction of MCT1 (but not that of CD147) towards acute exercise (ergometer) was altered. MCT1 localisation was shifted from the centre to the cellular membrane. This resulted in a decrease in the immunohistochemically measured cytosolic MCT1-density. We conclude that strength training alters the acute exercise reaction of MCT1 but not that of CD147 in erythrocytes in patients with NIDDM. This reaction may contribute to long-term normalisation and stabilisation of the regulation of lactate plasma concentration in NIDDM.

scholarly journals Prevalence of HCV in prisons in Wales, UK and the impact of moving to opt-out HCV testing

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-428
Author(s):  
Stephanie E Perrett ◽  
Amy Plimmer ◽  
Ananda Giri Shankar ◽  
Noel Craine
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Data ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Short Stay ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Opt Out ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Testing Site ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hcv Testing

Abstract Background Viral hepatitis is a leading cause of death worldwide. The World Health Organisation introduced a target to reduce hepatitis C virus (HCV) as a public health threat by 2030. Testing and treatment of those at elevated risk of infection in prison is key to achieving disease elimination. An opt-out testing policy for those in prison was introduced in Wales, UK, in 2016. Methods We analysed all Wales laboratory data where the testing site was a prison. We analysed numbers tested and positivity for a 14-month period before and after the introduction of opt-out testing policy. Results Between September 2015 and December 2017, 6949 HCV tests were from prison settings in Wales, equating to 29% of admissions to prison (P < 0.001). All but one prison increased testing following the introduction of opt-out policy. Percentage positivity for HCV remained at 11% before and after opt-out policy (P = 0.572). Short-stay prisons saw higher rates of HCV positivity than long stay. Conclusion Data suggest implementation of opt-out policy improved uptake and diagnosis of HCV amongst those in prison; however, further effort is required to fully embed screening for all. Positivity remains high amongst those in prison, particularly in short-stay prisons. Laboratory data can support audit of opt-out policy.

scholarly journals A KNOCK AROUND THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF COVID-19 WITH REFERENCE TO THE QUANTUM OF GOODS AND SERVICES TAX COLLECTION IN INDIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
Dr. Baneswar Kapasi ◽  
Dr. Mahesh Kumar Kurmi
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Tax Collection ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

COVID -19 has wedged all the major economies across the globe significantly. The World Health Organisation (WHO) first declared COVID-19 as a world health emergency in January 2020. The virus originated in Wuhan, China, but has been detected in over 200 countries. Amid the Coronavirus Pandemic, several countries worldwide resorted to lockdown to control infection. Due to lockdown, the production and distribution chains have been disrupted across the lands. All the segments of the economy have been impacted in different magnitude, and this has a direct impact on GDP, unemployment ratio, and tax collection. Goods and Services Tax (GST) is a harmonized tax of different indirect taxes in India. The GST collection reflects the volume of economic activities in India. Thus, in this paper, an attempt has been made to assess the impact of Covid-19 on the Indian economy concerning the quantum of Goods and Service collection in Indian during the lockdown period. For this study, secondary data relating to GST collection have been pooled from the official websites of the GST Council of India for the last three years, i.e., 2018 to 2020, and pair t-test have been run for testing statistical significance of the impact of COVID-19 on the quantum of the collection of Goods and Service Tax in India before and after lockdown announcement after adjusting the inflation factor. The results indicate no significant difference in the quantum of Goods and Services Tax Collection in India before and after the lockdown announcement due to the COVID-19 outbreak but a loss of Rs. 1,41,837 crore owing to the low collection of GST from March 2020 to August 2020 gives us a clear message that we should undoubtedly rethink the plans in more structural and more viable ways to reach a position to absorb any kinds of uncertain threats from the external environment. KEYWORDS: Covid-19, GST, Indian Economy, Pandemic, Lockdown

scholarly journals The Effect of “Insufficient Milk Supply” Concept Intervention on Mother's Perception of Breast Milk Production

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Mekar Dwi Anggraeni ◽  
Lutfatul Latifah ◽  
Ima Rismawati
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
T Test ◽  
World Health ◽  
Milk Supply ◽  
Breast Milk Production ◽  
Breastfeeding Rate ◽  
Insufficient Milk

Background: World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends every mother to provide exclusive breastfeeding for their infants because of its benefits. However the exclusive breastfeeding rate in Indonesia was only 35%in 2013. One of the main factors affecting low exclusive breastfeeding rate was maternal perception of having low breastmilk supply. There were no previous studies examining the effect of "Insufficient Milk Supply" concept intervention on mother’s perception of low breastmilk production. This research was an innovation in nursing.Aim: To investigate the effect of intervention program based on “Insufficient Milk Supply” concept on mother’s perception of low breastmilk supply.Methods: This study was a quasy experiment pretest-posttest. Postpartum mothers were provided an intervention using a module based on the concept of "Insufficient Milk Supply". The perception of breastmilk production was measured using the Nine-items of Lactation Scale. Data were analyzed using independent t test and paired t test.Results: The t test assumptions were examined and yielded that the data were normally distributed and the variances were homogeneous. The results showed there were significant differences between the scores of pre- and post-test in the intervention group (t = -9,03, p < 0.001).Conclusion: This study offers evidence that Insufficient Milk Supply can be used in nursing practice as a concept to improve the perception of the mother's breastmilk supply.

scholarly journals THE CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT, THE MALE TO FEMALE RATIO AT BIRTH AND BIRTH RATES

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Grech
Keyword(s):  
Chernobyl Accident ◽  
Fetal Loss ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
World Health ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Baltic

Introduction: The male:female ratio at birth (male births divided by total live births – M/T) has been shown to increase in response to ionizing radiation due to gender-biased fetal loss, with excess female loss. M/T rose sharply in 1987 in central-eastern European countries following the Chernobyl accident in 1986. This study analyses M/T and births for the former Soviet Republics and for the countries most contaminated by the event. Methods: Annual birth data was obtained from the World Health Organisation. The countries with the highest exposure levels (by 137Cs) were identified from an official publication of the International Atomic Energy Agency. All of the former Soviet states were also analysed and the periods before and after 1986 were compared. Results: Except for the Baltic States, all regions in the former USSR showed a significant rise in M/T from 1986. There were significant rises in M/T in the three most exposed (Belarus, Ukraine and the Russian Federation). The birth deficit in the post-Soviet states for the ten years following Chernobyl was estimated at 2,072,666, of which 1,087,924 are accounted by Belarus and Ukraine alone. Discussion: Chernobyl has resulted in the loss of millions of births, a process that has involved female even more than male fetuses. This is another and oft neglected consequence of widespread population radiation contamination.

scholarly journals Adolescent Tobacco Exposure in 31 Latin American Cities before and after the Framework Convention for Tobacco Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7423
Author(s):  
Francisco-Javier Prado-Galbarro ◽  
Amy H. Auchincloss ◽  
Carolina Pérez-Ferrer ◽  
Sharon Sanchez-Franco ◽  
Tonatiuh Barrientos-Gutierrez
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Local Level ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Tobacco Policies ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies ◽  
Before And After

Our objective was to describe the prevalence and changes in tobacco use and tobacco control policies in Latin American countries and cities before and after ratification of the 2003 Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC). Country-level tobacco policy data came from reports on the global tobacco epidemic (World Health Organization, 2007–2014). Global Youth Tobacco Survey data, 2000–2011, came from six countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru), 31 cities and 132,065 students. Pre- and post-FCTC prevalence and relative changes were estimated. All countries showed improvements in tobacco control policies but Mexico and Peru showed the smallest improvements. In general, adolescents reduced their tobacco use, reported less exposure to smoking at home, more tobacco education, and more retailer refusals to sell them cigarettes. Adolescents reported smaller reductions in secondhand smoke exposure outside the home and no change in exposure to tobacco media/promotions. Pre-FCTC prevalence and relative changes during the post-FCTC period were more heterogeneous across cities than across countries. Despite overall improvements in tobacco policies and the decline in exposure to tobacco, policies related to media/promotions and secondhand smoke need strengthening. There was wide variation in adolescent exposure to tobacco between cities (within countries), which suggested major heterogeneity of policy implementation at the local level.

scholarly journals Current Status and Prospects for Development of Nursing Professions in Germany

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Natalya Bidyuk ◽  
Halyna Oleskova
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Nursing Personnel ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Job Vacancy ◽  
Healthcare Professions

AbstractThis article deals with the study of current status and prospects for development of nursing professions in Germany. It outlines the classification of “Healthcare Professions” and “Healthcare and Nursing Professions”, which are also identified with “Nursing Professions”. Besides, such concepts as “nursing”, “qualification level 2”, “qualification level 3”, “job vacancy duration” have been defined here. It describes more detailed the second and third qualification levels of nursing professions according to the German Classification of Occupations of 2010. In addition, the article highlights the problem of shortage of nursing personnel in Germany at the level of skilled workers and specialists. Within this paper, the authors analyze the actual data on the shortage of German nursing personnel in healthcare and nursing and geriatric nursing at the level of skilled workers and specialists. Special attention in the paper is paid to the fact that Germany as a member of International Council of Nurses and World Health Organisation, takes part in a worldwide care campaign “Nursing Now”, that was launched on 27 February 2018. It is designed for three years and aims to achieve many goals by the end of 2020: strengthen the role and potential of the nursing professions, thereby improving the health of the world’s population. Much attention in the article is paid to the description of the new German Nursing Professions Act of 17 July 2017 that will enter into force on 1 January 2020. That is why rather perspective is further studies on the peculiarities of professional training of German nursing personnel before and after 1 January 2020.

scholarly journals Assessment of the psychological impact of vaccination on COVID-19 pandemic stress among B. Sc nursing students

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Vir Vikram Sahdev Singh ◽  
Javaid Ahmad Bahar ◽  
Komal Sharma ◽  
Tanveer Ahmad Bahar
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Public Health Authorities

Background: In January 2020 the world health organisation (WHO) declared the outbreak of a new coronavirus disease, COVID-19, to be a public health emergency of international concern. WHO stated that there is a high risk of COVID-19 spreading to other countries around the world. In March 2020, WHO made the assessment that COVID-19 can be characterized as a pandemic. WHO and public health authorities around the world are acting to contain the COVID-19 outbreak. To assess the level of COVID-19 pandemic stress before and after vaccination and to find out the association of COVID-19 pandemic stress scores with selected demographic variables of B. Sc nursing students. Methods: A pre-experimental study was done on 150 Nursing students in selected various nursing colleges at Meerut. The convenience sampling technique was used. Nursing Students stress were assessed by using standardized Sheldon Cohen modified stress scale. Results: The result showed that mean score before and after vaccination of stress with SD for was (0.237) nursing students was 13.20±2.202, 6.20±1.202 and correlation of patient with COVID-19 suggesting a negative significant correlation between the stress ‘r’ value was less than table value (0.273) with df 149. At (0.05) level of significance. Conclusions: there was no significant association between level of stress and demographic variables among Nursing students. It is inferred that there is moderate to severe level of stress before and moderate to mild level of stress after vaccination.

A Collaborative Study to Establish the Second International Standard for Streptokinase

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (02) ◽  
pp. 267-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
A B Heath ◽  
P J Gaffney
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Accelerated Degradation ◽  
The World ◽  
International Collaborative Study

SummaryAn International Standard for Streptokinase - Streptodomase (62/7) has been used to calibrate high purity clinical batches of SK since 1965. An international collaborative study, involving six laboratories, was undertaken to replace this standard with a high purity standard for SK. Two candidate preparations (88/826 and 88/824) were compared by a clot lysis assay with the current standard (62/7). Potencies of 671 i.u. and 461 i.u. were established for preparations A (88/826) and B (88/824), respectively.Either preparation appeared suitable to serve as a standard for SK. However, each ampoule of preparation A (88/826) contains a more appropriate amount of SK activity for potency testing, and is therefore preferred. Accelerated degradation tests indicate that preparation A (88/826) is very stable.The high purity streptokinase preparation, coded 88/826, has been established by the World Health Organisation as the 2nd International Standard for Streptokinase, with an assigned potency of 700 i.u. per ampoule.

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