Osseointegrated Implants: A Comprehensive Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Matheus Marquez Cruvinel Santos ◽  
◽  
Flávio Barros da Silva ◽  
Idiberto José Zotarelli-Filho ◽  
Elias Naim Kassis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implants ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Density Level ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Osseointegrated Implants ◽  
Bone Mineral Density Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Normal Women

The most common bone disorder found by implant dentists is osteoporosis, which is a systemic skeletal disorder associated with aging, which is characterized by loss of bone mass, making bones fragile and more susceptible to fractures. The World Health Organisation has defined osteoporosis as a bone mineral density level greater than 2.5 standard deviations below the mean of young normal women. After 60 years of age, a third of the population have this disorder, it occurs twice as often in women than in men. It is estimated that 1.3 million fractures and 133,000 all hip fractures occur every year as a result of osteoporosis. This study aimed to discuss aspects of the pharmacological action of Bisphosphonates (BP) and their influence on the bone tissue when associated with treatment with dental implants. There are several types of treatments that prevent or prevent the progression of osteoporosis. So, BP, such as alendronate, are inhibitors of bone resorption. Act as controlling the development of osteoporosis by increasing the process of bone density and decrease its reabsorption, often acting as supporting the process of osseointegration of dental implants.

Osseointegrated Implants in the Scenario of Osteonecrosis Occurrence with the use of Bisphosphonates: A Descriptive Review of Clinical Studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Fábio Renato Braga Marcato ◽  
Juliana Caroline Ferreira de Gois Marcato ◽  
Idiberto José Zotarelli Filho ◽  
Elias Naim Kassis
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implants ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
World Health ◽  
Density Level ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Osseointegrated Implants ◽  
Bone Mineral Density Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Health Organization

The most common bone disorder found by implant dentists is osteoporosis, which is a systemic skeletal disorder associated with aging, which is characterized by loss of bone mass, making bones fragile and more susceptible to fractures. The World Health Organization has defined osteoporosis as a bone mineral density level greater than 2.5 standard deviations below the mean of young normal women. After 60 years of age, a third of the population have this disorder, it occurs twice as often in women than in men. It is estimated that 1.3 million fractures and 133,000 all hip fractures occur every year as a result of osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to discuss aspects of the pharmacological action of Bisphosphonates (BP) and their influence on the bone tissue when associated with treatment with dental implants. There are several types of treatments which prevent or prevent the progression of osteoporosis. So, BP, such as alendronate, are inhibitors of bone resorption. Act as controlling the development of osteoporosis by increasing the process of bone density and decrease its reabsorption, often acting as supporting the process of osseointegration of dental implants.

scholarly journals Bone Mineral Density to Identify Osteopenia and Osteoporosis in Patients of CKD on Maintenance Hemodialysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
SM Imrul Anwar ◽  
Md Nazrul Islam ◽  
Abu Sayed Mohammad Morshed ◽  
ASM Tanim Anwar ◽  
Rafiqul Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
World Health ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Ckd Stage ◽  
The Mean

Background : Chronic renal disease changes both quality and quantity of bone through multifactorial influences on bone metabolism, leading to osteopenia, osteoporosis and increased risk of fracture. The objectives of this cross sectional study are to determine the mean bone mineral density (BMD) and to identify osteopenia and osteoporosis in patients of CKD on maintenance hemodialysis. Methods: Twenty three male and 18 female patients with age between 18 and 50 years were enrolled in this study. The BMD of the lumbar vertebral spine (LV) and the neck of femur (FN) were measured in all patients. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 software and the level of significance was considered as P <0.05. Results: The mean BMD in the LV (L2-L4) was 1.18 ± 0.19 gm/cm2 in male and 1.04 ± 0.13 gm/cm2 in female patients (P =0.011). The mean BMD in the FN was 0.90 ± 0.19 gm/cm2 in male and 0.77 ± 0.15 g/cm2 in female patients (P = 0.022). Based on the World Health Organization criteria, 26.0% of the male and 22.2% of the female patients in our study had normal BMD; 39.2% male and 38.9%female patients had osteopenia, while 34.8% male and 38.9% female patients had osteoporosis .This study showed a marked decrease in mean BMD in the cortical bone (FN) compared with trabecular bone (LV) (P = 0.001) as well as in female patients on maintenance hemodialysis compared with male patients . Significant negative correlation (r= -0.480; p=0.001) was found between duration of hemodialysis and bone mineral density (BMD) in lumbar spine and femoral neck. Conclusion: The measurement of BMD is a good non-invasive screening test for renal bone disease and that a high number of patients with CKD stage 5 on maintenance hemodialysis have markedly decreased BMD. J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 29, No.1, April, 2020, Page 3-11

scholarly journals Anxiety, worry and perceived stress in the world due to the COVID-19 pandemic, March 2020. Preliminary results

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosario Sinta Gamonal Limcaoco ◽  
Enrique Montero Mateos ◽  
Juan Matías Fernández ◽  
Carlos Roncero
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mean

AbstractIntroductionSince the beginning of the outbreak in China, ending 2019, the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) has spread subsequently to the rest of the world causing an on-going pandemic. The World Health Organisation (WHO) declared COVID-19 “a public health emergency of international concern.” Taking into consideration the lockdown and quarantine situation, a research team of doctors from the Hospital of Salamanca, decided to do an evaluation of the current emotional state on the general population with a web-based survey in English and in Spanish, which was considered a useful and fast method that could help us determine how people perceived stress and worry due to the COVID-19.MethodsThe survey included a 22 items, gathering information in 3 sections: Sociodemographic data, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) by Cohen and additional queries that assessed the current worry and change of behaviours due to this pandemic.ResultsThe survey received 1091 respondents from 41 countries, from March 17 to the 1st of April, 2020. The mean age of the respondents was 43.1 (14.2) years old, and more than two thirds were women. 21.1% were health personnel. The mean of the PSS-10 score was 17.4 (6.4). Significantly higher scores were observed among women, youth, students, and among those who expressed concern and those who perceived increased susceptibility to the COVID-19. In contrast, no significant differences were observed between the health professionals and the general population. A weak correlation was observed between mean relative volume RSV of the last 28 days and the number of cases reported (rho = 0.31, p <0.001) and deaths (rho = 0.28, p <0.001).DiscussionWith these results the researchers describe an increase of affective symptoms due to the COVID-19. This pandemic is raising the anxiety levels. The findings of the study show the affective and cognitive alterations people are going through. This survey is the first attempt to measure the psychological consequences this pandemic is having, in order to be able to provide the support to confront this global issue, addressing the mental health care that will be needed.

An Instrument for the Optimal Guiding of Osseointegrated Dental Implants

2004 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gintaras Juodzbalys ◽  
Aune M. Raustia
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implants ◽  
Senior Author ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Deviation Angle ◽  
Working Models ◽  
Osseointegrated Implants ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The purpose of this study was to design an instrument for the optimal guiding of osseointegrated implants intraoperatively to achieve parallelism or desired angulations. Seven patients (4 males and 3 females) were enrolled in the investigation. They ranged in age from 44 to 61 years. Using an instrument designed by the senior author that permitted optimal guiding of the osteotomy instruments (33 Osteofix Oy, Oulu, Finland) we placed in these patients, root form, single stage implants. The difference in angulations between the first and the remaining implants was measured using the abutment replicas on the working models. It was found that the mean deviation angle between the first and the adjacent implant replicas was 2.2° (SD = 0.4°). The largest deviation angles were 2.3° (SD = 0.5°) and 3.1° (SD = 0.8°). The study indicated that the instrument had been designed in a functional manner and that all implants in such relationships can be inserted into their desired positions, either parallel to one another or with the desired angle for the planned prostheses.

Tactile Sensibility of Natural Teeth and Osseointegrated Dental Implants to Loading

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Linards Grieznis ◽  
Peteris Apse ◽  
Leons Blumfelds
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implants ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Endodontically Treated Teeth ◽  
Tactile Sensibility ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Osseointegrated Implants ◽  
Tactile Threshold ◽  
Natural Teeth ◽  
The Mean

SummaryIntroduction. Dental implant therapy has become a popular method of replacing one or more missing teeth. Osseointegrated dental implants have been studied from histological, microbiologic and biomechanical point of view, but the neurophysiologic integration of the implants and the supported prostheses has received less attention. The sensory mechanism of dental implants is qualitatively different from that of natural teeth. Psychophysiological tests are used to determine the tactile sensibility perceived with the implants and teeth.Aim of the study. The purpose of this study was to compare tactile sensibility of natural teeth and osseointegrated dental implants.Material and methods. Forty-three patients were included in the study. Natural teeth were divided into two groups: non endodontically treated teeth (NETT) and endodontically treated teeth (ETT). Load tests were done by a computer-controlled pressure sensitive device („Power Lab“ Data Acquisition System - model 4/25T, sensor - model MLT003/D; ADInstruments), specially modified for intraoral use. Pushing forces were applied parallel to the vertical axis of teeth and implants. The patient held a signal button which he/she activated as soon as touch was sensed. At this moment the computer registered passive absolute tactile threshold - measured in Newtons. The mean values of passive absolute tactile threshold for natural teeth and dental implants were calculated. Comparison of the mean values was performed by the means of t-test.Results. Passive absolute tactile threshold for osseointegrated dental implants was 2.39 N (SD=1.92), and for teeth - 0.67 N (SD=0.72), for non endodontically treated teeth it was 0.63 N (SD=0.72) and for endodontically treated teeth - 0.73 N (SD=0.69). The differences in mean values were statistically significant (p<0,0001) except for mean values of NETT vs. ETT.Conclusion. This study shows that patients with osseointegrated implants subjectively feel “touch” sensation when greater force is applied compared with natural teeth.

scholarly journals Variability of Respiratory Rate Measurements in Neonates- Every Minute Counts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Njeru ◽  
Dustin T. Dunsmuir ◽  
William M. Macharia ◽  
J. Mark Ansermino
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
World Health ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Respiratory Pathology ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Respiratory rate is difficult to measure, especially in neonates who have an irregular breathing pattern. The World Health Organisation recommends a one-minute count, but there is limited data to support this length of observation. We sought to evaluate agreement between the respiratory rate (RR) derived from capnography in neonates, over 15 seconds, 30 seconds, 120 seconds and 300 seconds, against the recommended 60 seconds.Methods: Neonates at two hospitals in Nairobi were recruited and had capnograph waveforms recorded using the Masimo Rad 97. A single high quality 5 minute epoch was randomly chosen from each subject. For each selected epoch, the mean RR was calculated using a breath-detection algorithm applied to the waveform. The RR in the first 60 seconds was compared to the mean RR measured over the first 15 seconds, 30 seconds, 120 seconds, full 300 seconds, and last 60 seconds. We calculated bias and limits of agreement for each comparison and used Bland-Altman plots for visual comparisons.Results: A total of 306 capnographs were analysed from individual subjects. The subjects had a median gestation age of 39 weeks with slightly more females (52.3%) than males (47.7%). The majority of the population were term neonates (70.1%) with 39 (12.8%) having a primary respiratory pathology. There was poor agreement between all the comparisons based on the limits of agreement [confidence interval], ranging between 11.9 [-6.79 to 6.23] breaths per minute in the one versus two minutes comparison, and 34.7 [-17.59 to 20.53] breaths per minute in the first versus last minute comparison. Worsening agreement was observed in plots with higher RRs.Conclusions: Neonates have high variability of RR, even over a short period of time. A slight degradation in the agreement is noted over periods shorter than one minute. However, this is smaller than observations done three minutes apart in the same subject. Longer periods of observation also reduce agreement. For device developers, precise synchronization is needed when comparing devices to reduce the impact of RR variation. For clinicians, where possible, continuous or repeated monitoring of neonates would be preferable to one time RR measurements.

scholarly journals Screening for absolute fracture risk using FRAX tool in men and women within 40-90 years in urban population of Puducherry, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 1051
Author(s):  
Amena Firoz ◽  
Shishir Suranigi Murugharaj ◽  
Ravichandran Kandasamy ◽  
Syed Najimudeen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Mean

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Osteoporosis is presently considered as one of the major non-communicable world health hazards. It predominantly affects post-menopausal women, elderly men and women. The aim of the study was to assess fracture risk among men and women within 40-90 years in urban population of Puducherry, India and detect the most prevalent risk factors for fractures.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">This is a cross-sectional study done over a period of two months (July - August 2015) involving a sample size of 500 participants, 250 in each gender. Using the FRAX (Fracture Risk Assessment) tool the major osteoporotic fracture risk percentage (MOFR) and hip fracture risk (HFR) were obtained without femoral neck bone mineral density. Chi-square test was applied to test association and p&lt;0.05 considered statistically significant</span>.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The mean age of males (57.2±12.7 years) was higher than females (52.5±2.6 years). Out of 500 participants, 18 and 95 participants were found to satisfy the criteria of ≥20% MOFR and ≥3% HFR respectively. The average MOFR was 4.5±6.7 and 4.0±4.6 for women and men respectively. The mean HFR was 1.8±4.0 and 1.8±3.3 for women and men respectively. The requirement of treatment did not differ significantly between gender (44 females versus 51 males). Eight male participants and 9 female participants were advised for further evaluation with a DEXA scan. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The FRAX tool provides an aid to enhance patient assessment by the integration of clinical risk factors especially as an osteoporosis screening tool with/without the combination of bone mineral density. It is an effective tool, particularly in developing countries like India, where most of the patients cannot afford expensive investigations like DEXA. People with high risk can be subjected to further evaluation and management, thereby reducing the health resources.</span></p>

scholarly journals Telehealth Demand Trends in COVID-19: An Infodemiological Evaluation of the Top 50 Most Affected Countries (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Yu Zheng Wong ◽  
Dinesh Visva Gunasekaran ◽  
Simon Nusinovici ◽  
Charumathi Sabanayagam ◽  
Khung Keong Yeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Information Communications Technology ◽  
The World ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ict Infrastructure ◽  
June July

BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has led to urgent calls for the adoption of telehealth solutions. However, public interest and demand for telehealth during the pandemic remains unknown. OBJECTIVE We used an infodemiological approach to estimate the demand for telehealth services during COVID-19 globally, focusing on the 50 most-affected countries and comparing the demand for such services with the level of information-communications technology (ICT) infrastructure available. METHODS We used Google Trends, the Baidu Index (China), and the Yandex Keyword Statistics (Russia) to extract data on worldwide and individual countries’ telehealth-related internet searches from 1st January to 7th July, 2020, presented as “Relative Search Volumes” (RSV, ranging 0-100). Daily COVID-19 cases and deaths were retrieved from the World Health Organisation. Individual countries’ ICT infrastructure profile were retrieved from the World Economic Forum Report. RESULTS Across the 50 countries, the mean±SD RSV was 18.5±23.2, and the mean ICT index was 62.1±15.0. An overall spike in worldwide telehealth-related RSVs was observed from 11th March 2020 (RSV peaked to 76.0), which then tailed off in June-July 2020 (mean RSV for period=25.8), but remained higher than pre-March RSVs (mean=7.29). By country, 42 (84%) manifested increased RSVs over the evaluation period, with the highest observed in Canada (RSV=100) and the United States (RSV=96). When evaluating associations between RSV and ICT index, the US and Canada demonstrated both high RSVs and ICTs (≥70.3). In contrast, European countries had relatively lower RSVs (ranging 3.4-19.5) despite high ICTs (mean=70.3). Several Latin-American (Brazil, Chile, Colombia), and South-Asian (India, Bangladesh, Pakistan) countries demonstrated relatively higher RSVs (ranging 13.8-73.3) but low ICTs (mean=44.6), indicating that the telehealth demand outstrips the current ICT infrastructure. CONCLUSIONS There is generally increased interest and demand for telehealth services across the 50 countries most affected by COVID-19, highlighting the need to scale up telehealth capabilities, during and beyond COVID-19. CLINICALTRIAL

scholarly journals Evaluating the Residual Nitrite Concentrations of Bacon in the United Kingdom

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 916
Author(s):  
William Crowe ◽  
Christopher T Elliott ◽  
Brian D Green
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Regulatory Limits ◽  
Residual Nitrite ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Uk

The preservative sodium nitrite is added to processed meat with the intention of preventing the growth of Clostridium botulinum, but this also influences product flavour and colour. The World Health Organisation has declared nitrites to be ‘probably carcinogenic’. Use is permitted by the European Union but its addition is limited to 100 mg/kg in all processed meat, except bacon, which is limited to 175 mg/kg. At present, there is no independent peer-reviewed literature assessing the residual nitrite levels in bacon in the United Kingdom. Furthermore, this is the largest study of residual nitrite concentrations in bacon that has ever been conducted. A total of 89 different commercially available bacon samples were collected, and analysed using flow injection analysis to determine their residual nitrite content. The mean residual nitrite concentration for all bacon samples was 10.80 mg/kg. Residual nitrite levels did not differ between smoked and unsmoked bacon. Middle cut bacon (26.00 mg/kg) had significantly higher residual nitrite concentrations than back bacon (8.87 mg/kg; p = 0.027), and medallion bacon (4.47 mg/kg; p = 0.008). This study shows that there is large variation in the mean residual nitrite levels of bacon sold in the UK and all the reported values are within current regulatory limits. Despite this, it appears that many manufacturers could decrease the amount that they are currently using in their products.

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