Yarrowia lipolyticaand Its Multiple Applications in the Biotechnological Industry

Yarrowia lipolyticais a nonpathogenic dimorphic aerobic yeast that stands out due to its ability to grow in hydrophobic environments. This property allowed this yeast to develop an ability to metabolize triglycerides and fatty acids as carbon sources. This feature enables using this species in the bioremediation of environments contaminated with oil spill. In addition,Y. lipolyticahas been calling the interest of researchers due to its huge biotechnological potential, associated with the production of several types of metabolites, such as bio-surfactants,γ-decalactone, citric acid, and intracellular lipids and lipase. The production of a metabolite rather than another is influenced by the growing conditions to whichY. lipolyticais subjected. The choice of carbon and nitrogen sources to be used, as well as their concentrations in the growth medium, and the careful determination of fermentation parameters, pH, temperature, and agitation (oxygenation), are essential for efficient metabolites production. This review discusses the biotechnological potential ofY. lipolyticaand the best growing conditions for production of some metabolites of biotechnological interest.

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β-Fructofuranosidase andβ–D-Fructosyltransferase from NewAspergillus carbonariusPC-4 Strain Isolated from Canned Peach Syrup: Effect of Carbon and Nitrogen Sources on Enzyme Production

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2019/6956202 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gustavo Carvalho do Nascimento ◽

Ryhára Dias Batista ◽

Claudia Cristina Auler do Amaral Santos ◽

Ezequiel Marcelino da Silva ◽

Fabrício Coutinho de Paula ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Yeast Extract ◽

Soybean Protein ◽

Low Cost ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Culture Conditions ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Production Values ◽

Pure Carbon ◽

Fermentation Parameters

β-fructofuranosidase (invertase) andβ-D-fructosyltransferase (FTase) are enzymes used in industrial processes to hydrolyze sucrose aiming to produce inverted sugar syrup or fructooligosaccharides. In this work, a blackAspergillussp. PC-4 was selected among six filamentous fungi isolated from canned peach syrup which were initially screened for invertase production. Cultivations with pure carbon sources showed that invertase and FTase were produced from glucose and sucrose, but high levels were also obtained from raffinose and inulin. Pineapple crown was the best complex carbon source for invertase (6.71 U/mL after 3 days of cultivation) and FTase production (14.60 U/mL after 5 days of cultivation). Yeast extract and ammonium chloride nitrogen sources provided higher production of invertase (6.80 U/mL and 6.30 U/mL, respectively), whereas ammonium nitrate and soybean protein were the best nitrogen sources for FTase production (24.00 U/mL and 24.90 U/mL, respectively). Fermentation parameters for invertase using yeast extract wereYP/S= 536.85 U/g andPP= 1.49 U/g/h. FTase production showed values ofYP/S= 2,627.93 U/g andPP= 4.4 U/h using soybean protein. The screening for best culture conditions showed an increase of invertase production values by 5.10-fold after 96 h cultivation compared to initial experiments (fungi bioprospection), while FTase production increased by 14.60-fold (44.40 U/mL) after 168 h cultivation.A. carbonariusPC-4 is a new promising strain for invertase and FTase production from low cost carbon sources, whose synthesized enzymes are suitable for the production of inverted sugar, fructose syrups, and fructooligosaccharides.

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Effects of carbon and nitrogen sources on production of proteases by Bacillus subtilis IC-5

Bangladesh Journal of Botany ◽

10.3329/bjb.v44i2.38518 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 285-292

Author(s):

Sereen Gul ◽

Mujeeb Ur Rahman ◽

Mohammad Ajmal ◽

Abdul Kabir Khan Achakzai ◽

Asim Iqbal

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Sodium Nitrate ◽

Inorganic Nitrogen ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Basal Medium ◽

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Neutral Protease ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽

Inorganic Nitrogen Source ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen

The effects of various carbon and nitrogen sources were evaluated on production of proteases by Bacillus subtilis IC-5. Both type and concentration of carbon and nitrogen sources influenced the production of proteases. Among the carbon sources glucose was found to be the most effective. It gave maximum production at 2% w/v concentration i.e., 1875 and 950 U/ml, alkaline and neutral protease, respectively. The response of Bacillus subtilis IC-5 towards synthesis and excretion of enzymes varied with the type of nitrogen sources. The addition of organic nitrogen sources to basal medium repressed the synthesis of proteases while the addition of inorganic nitrogen source such as sodium nitrate was found to be the best stimulating for alkaline and neutral protease synthesis. Sodium nitrate enhanced the production up to 62.40 and 10.52% of alkaline and neutral protease, respectively against w.r.t. control.

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Characterization of Diazotrophic Rhizobacteria under Various Conditions

International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology ◽

10.3126/ijasbt.v1i3.8607 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 110-117

Author(s):

Umesh Prasad Shrivastava

Keyword(s):

Nitrogenase Activity ◽

Nifh Gene ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Accession Number ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Reduction Assay ◽

Assay Methods

Nitrogenase activity was analysed after supplementation of various carbon and nitrogen sources in the growth medium by Acetylene Reduction Assay methods in selected 9 isolates from 74 diazotrophic isolates. Enhancement in nitrogenase activity was recorded many fold by the addition of different organic carbon sources in which maltose and pyruvate showed better result than others. In case of supplementation of nitrogen sources, reduction of nitrogenase activity was observed. Nitrogenase activity increased from 22.7 to 72.7% in various strains when they are tested in anaerobic condition, Amplification of fragment of 390 bp showed that nitrogenase activity due to presence of nifH gene. Sequences were submitted to NCBI GeneBank and the accession number of nifH sequence of ECI-10A (FJ032023), AF-4B (FJ032024), AF-4C (FJ032022) and BN-2A (FJ032021) has been obtained. Phylogenetic analysis based on showed that these 4 isolates belong to the member of γ-proteobacteria, but show appreciable genetic diversity.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v1i3.8607 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 1(3) 2013 : 110-117

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Biosurfactant production by fungi as a sustainable alternative

Arquivos do Instituto Biológico ◽

10.1590/1808-1657000502017 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 85 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Artemisia Carla Santos da Silva ◽

Patrícia Nunes dos Santos ◽

Thayse Alves Lima e Silva ◽

Rosileide Fontenele Silva Andrade ◽

Galba Maria Campos-Takaki

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Pathways ◽

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Health Food ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽

Biotechnological Potential ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Cultural Conditions ◽

Environmentally Safe ◽

Small Change ◽

Food Processes

ABSTRACT: A wide variety of bacteria is far more exploited than fungi as biosurfactants (BS) or bioemulsifiers (BE), using renewable sources. BS are considered to be environmentally safe and offer advantages over synthetic surfactants. However, the BS yield depends largely on the metabolic pathways of the microorganisms and the nutritional medium. The production of BS or BE uses several cultural conditions, in which a small change in carbon and nitrogen sources affects the quantity of BS or BE produced. The type and quantity of microbial BS or BE produced depend mainly on the producer organism, and factors such as carbon and nitrogen sources, trace elements, temperature and aeration. The diversity of BS or BE makes it interesting to apply them in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries, agriculture, public health, food processes, detergents, when treating oily residues, environmental pollution control and bioremediation. Thus, this paper reviews and addresses the biotechnological potential of yeasts and filamentous fungi for producing, characterizing and applying BS or BE.

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Response of Cold-Tolerant Aspergillus spp. to Solubilization of Fe and Al Phosphate in Presence of Different Nutritional Sources

ISRN Soil Science ◽

10.1155/2013/598541 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

K. Rinu ◽

Mukesh Kumar Malviya ◽

Priyanka Sati ◽

S. C. Tiwari ◽

Anita Pandey

Keyword(s):

Phosphate Solubilization ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Iron Phosphate ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Growth Promoters ◽

Aluminium Phosphate ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Phosphate Solubilizing

Three species of Aspergillus, namely, A. niger, A. glaucus and A. sydowii, isolated from soil samples collected from the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR), have been investigated for solubilization of aluminium phosphate and iron phosphate in the presence of different carbon and nitrogen sources. Preference of each fungal species varied for nitrogen and carbon sources, in terms of phosphate-solubilization. Among three species, Aspergillus niger gave the best results; it solubilized 32% and 8% of the supplemented aluminium phosphate and iron phosphate, respectively. The results indicated that the effect of carbon and nitrogen sources can influence the phosphate solubilizing efficiency of all the three Aspergillus spp. tested. All the three species were found to be plant-growth promoters in bioassays conducted under greenhouse conditions. The Al and Fe phosphate solubilization efficiency, investigated in the present study, is at the lower end of their previously reported tricalcium phosphate solubilization efficiency. The cultures are likely to have better field applications in agrobiotechnology, due to their potential towards solubilization of Al and Fe phosphates, which are known to have lower solubility through microbial activity.

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A COMPARISON OF ISOLATES OF CLAVICEPS SPP. FOR THE ABILITY TO GROW AND TO PRODUCE ERGOT ALKALOIDS ON CERTAIN NUTRIENTS

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m60-040 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 355-365 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

W. A. Taber ◽

L. C. Vining

Keyword(s):

Carbon Source ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Ergot Alkaloids ◽

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Claviceps Purpurea ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Different Strains ◽

Do So

Isolates of Claviceps purpurea and Claviceps spp. obtained from various geographical areas were compared for their ability to grow and to produce ergot alkaloids in vitro on various carbon and nitrogen sources. While some differences in utilization of carbon sources for growth were found, there was no observed correlation between utilization of carbohydrates and the capacity to produce ergot alkaloids. The amount of alkaloid produced by different strains depended upon both the carbon and nitrogen sources. In general, those cultures capable of alkaloid production were able to do so on more than one carbon source, but the carbon source allowing greatest production differed from one strain to another. Both producing and non-producing strains could utilize succinic acid as a carbon source for growth, but neither could utilize L-tryptophane as a carbon or nitrogen source for growth.

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Effects of Carbon and Nitrogen Sources on Activity of Cell Envelope Proteinase Produced by Lactobacillus plantarum LP69

Acta Universitatis Cibiniensis Series E Food Technology ◽

10.2478/aucft-2019-0002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 11-18

Author(s):

Fangfang Cheng ◽

He Chen ◽

Ni Lei ◽

Meng Zhang ◽

Hongchang Wan

Keyword(s):

Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽

Specific Activity ◽

Cell Envelope ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Soluble Starch ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽

Individual Factor ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Mrs Broth

Abstract In present study, the effects of carbon sources (glucose, lactose, sucrose, galactose, maltose and soluble starch) and nitrogen sources (casein peptone, whey protein, soy peptone, yeast, tryptone, beef extract and peptone) on activity of cell envelope proteinases (CEP), specific activity, protein content, OD600 value and pH in MRS broth fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum LP69 were investigated by individual factor experiment. The results indicated that carbon and nitrogen sources have significant influence on the activity of CEP and specific activitys of L. plantarum LP69, glucose, maltose, casein peptone and peptone are superior to other selected carbon and nitrogen sources. The optimum concentrations of glucose, maltose, casein peptone and peptone for L. plantarum LP69 are 2%, 2%, 1% and 1%; the activity of CEP are 19.52U/mL, 21.13U/mL, 13.49U/mL and 20.61U/mL, respectively.

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