scholarly journals Immunological Barriers to Stem Cell Therapy in the Central Nervous System

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory E. Tullis ◽  
Kathleen Spears ◽  
Mark D. Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Stem Cell Therapies ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Cell Transplants ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The central nervous system is vulnerable to many neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease that result in the extensive loss of neuronal cells. Stem cells have the ability to differentiate into many types of cells, which make them ideal for treating such disorders. Although stem cell therapy has shown some promising results in animal models for many brain disorders it has yet to translate into the clinic. A major hurdle to the translation of stem cell therapy into the clinic is the immune response faced by stem cell transplants. Here, we focus on immunological and related hurdles to stem cell therapies for central nervous system disorders.

scholarly journals Biomaterial Strategies to Bolster Neural Stem Cell-Mediated Repair of the Central Nervous System

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Tejeda ◽  
Andrew J. Ciciriello ◽  
Courtney M. Dumont
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Transplant ◽  
Cell Transplant ◽  
Stem Cell Therapies ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Transplant Survival ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Stem cell therapies have the potential to not only repair, but to regenerate tissue of the central nervous system (CNS). Recent studies demonstrate that transplanted stem cells can differentiate into neurons and integrate with the intact circuitry after traumatic injury. Unfortunately, the positive findings described in rodent models have not been replicated in clinical trials, where the burden to maintain the cell viability necessary for tissue repair becomes more challenging. Low transplant survival remains the greatest barrier to stem cell-mediated repair of the CNS, often with fewer than 1–2% of the transplanted cells remaining after 1 week. Strategic transplantation parameters, such as injection location, cell concentration, and transplant timing achieve only modest improvements in stem cell transplant survival and appear inconsistent across studies. Biomaterials provide researchers with a means to significantly improve stem cell transplant survival through two mechanisms: (1) a vehicle to deliver and protect the stem cells and (2) a substrate to control the cytotoxic injury environment. These biomaterial strategies can alleviate cell death associated with delivery to the injury and can be used to limit cell death after transplantation by limiting cell exposure to cytotoxic signals. Moreover, it is likely that control of the injury environment with biomaterials will lead to a more reliable support for transplanted cell populations. This review will highlight the challenges associated with cell delivery in the CNS and the advances in biomaterial development and deployment for stem cell therapies necessary to bolster stem cell-mediated repair.

scholarly journals Stem cell therapies for ischemic stroke: current animal models, clinical trials and biomaterials

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (30) ◽  
pp. 18668-18680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh H. Chan ◽  
Connor A. Wathen ◽  
Ming Ni ◽  
Shuangmu Zhuo
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapies ◽  
Cell Therapies

We report the facilitation of stem cell therapy in stroke by tissue engineering and applications of biomaterials.

scholarly journals Targeting Programmed Cell Death to Improve Stem Cell Therapy: Implications for Treating Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Xin-xing Wan ◽  
Xi-min Hu ◽  
Wen-juan Zhao ◽  
Xiao-xia Ban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Stem Cell Therapies ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Wide Range

Stem cell therapies have shown promising therapeutic effects in restoring damaged tissue and promoting functional repair in a wide range of human diseases. Generations of insulin-producing cells and pancreatic progenitors from stem cells are potential therapeutic methods for treating diabetes and diabetes-related diseases. However, accumulated evidence has demonstrated that multiple types of programmed cell death (PCD) existed in stem cells post-transplantation and compromise their therapeutic efficiency, including apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms in PCD during stem cell transplantation and targeting cell death signaling pathways are vital to successful stem cell therapies. In this review, we highlight the research advances in PCD mechanisms that guide the development of multiple strategies to prevent the loss of stem cells and discuss promising implications for improving stem cell therapy in diabetes and diabetes-related diseases.

scholarly journals Cardiomyocyte Death and Genome-Edited Stem Cell Therapy for Ischemic Heart Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Min Cho ◽  
Je-Yoel Cho
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapies ◽  
Cell Therapies

AbstractMassive death of cardiomyocytes is a major feature of cardiovascular diseases. Since the regenerative capacity of cardiomyocytes is limited, the regulation of their death has been receiving great attention. The cell death of cardiomyocytes is a complex mechanism that has not yet been clarified, and it is known to appear in various forms such as apoptosis, necrosis, etc. In ischemic heart disease, the apoptosis and necrosis of cardiomyocytes appear in two types of programmed forms (intrinsic and extrinsic pathways) and they account for a large portion of cell death. To repair damaged cardiomyocytes, diverse stem cell therapies have been attempted. However, despite the many positive effects, the low engraftment and survival rates have clearly limited the application of stem cells in clinical therapy. To solve these challenges, the introduction of the desired genes in stem cells can be used to enhance their capacity and improve their therapeutic efficiency. Moreover, as genome engineering technologies have advanced significantly, safer and more stable delivery of target genes and more accurate deletion of genes have become possible, which facilitates the genetic modification of stem cells. Accordingly, stem cell therapy for damaged cardiac tissue is expected to further improve. This review describes myocardial cell death, stem cell therapy for cardiac repair, and genome-editing technologies. In addition, we introduce recent stem cell therapies that incorporate genome-editing technologies in the myocardial infarction model.

Regenerative medicine for central nervous system disorders: Role of therapeutic molecules in stem cell therapy

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
CesarioV Borlongan ◽  
Paola Suárez-Meade ◽  
HoracioG Carvajal ◽  
Takao Yasuhara ◽  
Naoki Tajiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Central Nervous System Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Molecules
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