scholarly journals Cardiomyocyte Death and Genome-Edited Stem Cell Therapy for Ischemic Heart Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Min Cho ◽  
Je-Yoel Cho
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapies ◽  
Cell Therapies

AbstractMassive death of cardiomyocytes is a major feature of cardiovascular diseases. Since the regenerative capacity of cardiomyocytes is limited, the regulation of their death has been receiving great attention. The cell death of cardiomyocytes is a complex mechanism that has not yet been clarified, and it is known to appear in various forms such as apoptosis, necrosis, etc. In ischemic heart disease, the apoptosis and necrosis of cardiomyocytes appear in two types of programmed forms (intrinsic and extrinsic pathways) and they account for a large portion of cell death. To repair damaged cardiomyocytes, diverse stem cell therapies have been attempted. However, despite the many positive effects, the low engraftment and survival rates have clearly limited the application of stem cells in clinical therapy. To solve these challenges, the introduction of the desired genes in stem cells can be used to enhance their capacity and improve their therapeutic efficiency. Moreover, as genome engineering technologies have advanced significantly, safer and more stable delivery of target genes and more accurate deletion of genes have become possible, which facilitates the genetic modification of stem cells. Accordingly, stem cell therapy for damaged cardiac tissue is expected to further improve. This review describes myocardial cell death, stem cell therapy for cardiac repair, and genome-editing technologies. In addition, we introduce recent stem cell therapies that incorporate genome-editing technologies in the myocardial infarction model.

scholarly journals Targeting Programmed Cell Death to Improve Stem Cell Therapy: Implications for Treating Diabetes and Diabetes-Related Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Xin-xing Wan ◽  
Xi-min Hu ◽  
Wen-juan Zhao ◽  
Xiao-xia Ban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Stem Cell Therapies ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Wide Range

Stem cell therapies have shown promising therapeutic effects in restoring damaged tissue and promoting functional repair in a wide range of human diseases. Generations of insulin-producing cells and pancreatic progenitors from stem cells are potential therapeutic methods for treating diabetes and diabetes-related diseases. However, accumulated evidence has demonstrated that multiple types of programmed cell death (PCD) existed in stem cells post-transplantation and compromise their therapeutic efficiency, including apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms in PCD during stem cell transplantation and targeting cell death signaling pathways are vital to successful stem cell therapies. In this review, we highlight the research advances in PCD mechanisms that guide the development of multiple strategies to prevent the loss of stem cells and discuss promising implications for improving stem cell therapy in diabetes and diabetes-related diseases.

scholarly journals Nanoparticles-Assisted Stem Cell Therapy for Ischemic Heart Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Zhu ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Yulin Wang ◽  
Hao Lai ◽  
Chunsheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Ischemic Heart

Stem cell therapy has attracted increasing attention as a promising treatment strategy for cardiac repair in ischemic heart disease. Nanoparticles (NPs), with their superior physical and chemical properties, have been widely utilized to assist stem cell therapy. With the help of NPs, stem cells can be genetically engineered for enhanced paracrine profile. To further understand the fate and behaviors of stem cells in ischemic myocardium, imaging NPs can label stem cells and be trackedin vivounder multiple modalities. Besides that, NPs can also be used to enhance stem cell retention in myocardium. These facts have raised efforts on the development of more intelligent and multifunctional NPs for cellular application. Herein, an overview of the applications of NPs-assisted stem cell therapy is given. Key issues and future prospects are also critically addressed.

scholarly journals An Overview of Stem Cell Therapies for Parkinson’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-158
Author(s):  
Sara Faour ◽  
Aarthi Ashok
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Stem Cell Therapies ◽  
Cell Therapies

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is referred to as a neurodegenerative disease which is a disease that targets specific brain regions and is characterized by neuronal death. PD is believed to be caused by the loss of nerve cells in the substantia nigra (SN), a dopamine releasing area (Dickson, 2012). Current treatments are directed at alleviating pain symptoms and slowing down the progression of disease, however, no cure currently exists. Recent advances in stem cell therapies raise new possibilities to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Stem cells have the ability to differentiate into neural cells, and thus, could potentially be used to restore neurogenesis and neuroplasticity (Lunn et al., 2011). There exist several cell types that can be applied in therapy including embryonic stem cells (ESCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). PD which has localized neural degeneration to the SN may serve as a better model for stem cell therapy and displays greater success when compared to other neurodegenerative diseases that spread to several brain regions (Vasic et al., 2019). This review aims to discuss the several approaches used in stem cell therapy as well as the current challenges and shortcomings of this cell-based therapy.

scholarly journals Stem cells in the treatment of patients with coronary heart disease. Part I

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Zhukova ◽  
I. I. Staroverov
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
Cellular Cardiomyoplasty ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Death Causes

Heart failure (HF) is one of the leading death causes in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). The modern methods of reperfusion MI therapy, such as thrombolysis, surgery and balloon revascularization, even when performed early, could fail to prevent the development of large myocardial damage zones, followed by HF. Therefore, the researches have been searching for the methods which improve functional status of damaged myocardium. This review is focused on stem cell therapy, a method aimed at cardiac function restoration. The results of experimental and clinical studies on stem cell therapy in coronary heart disease are presented. Various types of stem cells, used for cellular cardiomyoplasty, are characterised. The methods of cell transplantation into myocardium and potential adverse effects of stem cell therapy are discussed.

New strategies for improving stem cell therapy in ischemic heart disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 737-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peisen Huang ◽  
Xiaqiu Tian ◽  
Qing Li ◽  
Yuejin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
New Strategies

scholarly journals Stem cell therapies for ischemic stroke: current animal models, clinical trials and biomaterials

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (30) ◽  
pp. 18668-18680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh H. Chan ◽  
Connor A. Wathen ◽  
Ming Ni ◽  
Shuangmu Zhuo
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapies ◽  
Cell Therapies

We report the facilitation of stem cell therapy in stroke by tissue engineering and applications of biomaterials.

Stem cell therapy in ischemic heart disease

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia N. E. Sunkomat ◽  
Mohamed A. Gaballa
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Ischemic Heart

scholarly journals Diabetic Retinopathy and Stem Cell Therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevil Kestane
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Long Time

This overview was evaluated by the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and the stem cell therapy approach. DR is a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, characterized by damage to the retinal blood vessels leading to progressive loss of vision. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms are complicated and not completely understood yet. The current treatment strategies have included medical, laser, intravitreal, and surgical approaches. It is known that the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), which has a great potential, is promising for the treatment of many degenerative disorders, including the eye. In retinal degenerative diseases, MSCs were ameliorated retinal neurons and retinal pigmented epithelial cells in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Stem cell therapies show promise in neurodegenerative diseases. However, it is very important to know which type of stem cell will be used in which situations, the amount of stem cells to be applied, the method of application, and its physiological/neurophysiological effects. Therefore, it is of great importance to evaluate this subject physiologically. After stem cell application, its safety and efficacy should be followed for a long time. In the near future, widespread application of regenerative stem cell therapy may be a standard treatment in DR.

scholarly journals A REPORT ON STEM CELLS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Shantha A R
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Undifferentiated Cells ◽  
The Cost

Stem cells are the building blocks of life. They have remarkable potential to regenerate and develop into many different cell types in the body during early life and growth. They are also a class of undifferentiated cells that are able to be differentiated into specialized cells types. Stem cells are characterized by certain features such as totipotency, pluripotency, multipotency, oligopotent and unipotency. The history of stem cell research had an embryonic beginning in the mid 1800s with the discovery that few cells could generate other cells. In the 1900s the first stem cells were discovered when it was found that cells generate blood cells. Nowadays, stem cell therapy is under research and till now, a very few stem cell therapies have been regarded as safe and successful. It is also found that stem cell therapy cast a number of side effects too. The cost of the procedure too is expensive and is not easily affordable.

scholarly journals Stem Cell Therapy for Ischemic Heart Disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1879-1897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Nurulqadr Jameel ◽  
Jianyi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Ischemic Heart
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