scholarly journals Normal Incidence of Sound Transmission Loss from Perforated Plates with Micro and Macro Size Holes

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Putra ◽  
A. Y. Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Sound Transmission ◽  
Normal Incidence ◽  
Hole Diameter ◽  
Sound Insulation ◽  
Sound Transmission Loss ◽  
Fluid Behavior ◽  
Micro Holes ◽  
Analytical Formulae

This paper studies the sound transmission loss of perforated panels and investigates the effect of the hole diameter on the sound insulation performance under normal incidence of acoustic loading. The hole diameters are distinguished into micro (submillimeter) and macro (millimeter) sizes. In general, the transmission loss reduces as the perforation ratio is increased. However, by retaining the perforation ratio, it is found that the transmission loss increases as the hole diameter is reduced for a perforate with micro holes due to the effect of resistive part in the hole impedance, which is contrary to the results for those with the macro holes. Both show similar trend at high frequency where the fluid behavior inside the hole is inertial. Simple analytical formulae for engineering purpose are provided. Validation of the models with measurement data also gives good agreement.

An improved approach for normal-incidence sound transmission loss measurement using a four-microphone impedance tube

2020 ◽  
pp. 107754632092690
Author(s):  
Zechao Li ◽  
Sizhong Chen ◽  
Zhicheng Wu ◽  
Lin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Matrix ◽  
Sound Absorption ◽  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Sound Transmission ◽  
Normal Incidence ◽  
Sound Insulation ◽  
Sound Transmission Loss ◽  
The Common ◽  
Wavefield Decomposition ◽  
Insulation Performance

The main aim of this study is to introduce an improved method for determining the sound properties of acoustic materials which is more precise than the common wavefield decomposition method and simpler than the common transfer matrix method. In the first part of the article, a group of formulae for calculating sound transmission loss is represented by combining the wavefield decomposition and transfer matrix methods. Subsequently, a formula for calculating sound absorption coefficients is derived from these formulae by definition. Furthermore, the present formulae are validated by comparing the experimental results achieved with the present formulae and those results obtained by other methods recorded in published articles. Eventually, it is demonstrated that the method can accurately measure the sound insulation performance of materials and the sound absorption properties of limp and lightweight materials.

scholarly journals Analysis of the transmission loss of double-leaf panels with an equivalent spring–mass model for studs

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 126-133
Author(s):  
Yuan-Wei Li ◽  
Chao-Nan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Curve ◽  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Sound Transmission ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Sound Insulation ◽  
Sound Transmission Loss ◽  
Mass Model ◽  
Steel Stud ◽  
Panel Thickness ◽  
Stiffness Distribution

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the sound insulation of double-leaf panels. In practice, double-leaf panels require a stud between two surface panels. To simplify the analysis, a stud was modeled as a spring and mass. Studies have indicated that the stiffness of the equivalent spring is not a constant and varies with the frequency of sound. Therefore, a frequency-dependent stiffness curve was used to model the effect of the stud to analyze the sound insulation of a double-leaf panel. First, the sound transmission loss of a panel reported by Halliwell was used to fit the results of this study to determine the stiffness of the distribution curve. With this stiffness distribution of steel stud, some previous proposed panels are also analyzed and are compared to the experimental results in the literature. The agreement is good. Finally, the effects of parameters, such as the thickness and density of the panel, thickness of the stud and spacing of the stud, on the sound insulation of double-leaf panels were analyzed.

scholarly journals Non-Wovens as Sound Reducers

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-76
Author(s):  
D. Belakova ◽  
A. Seile ◽  
S. Kukle ◽  
T. Plamus
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Surface Density ◽  
Sound Absorption ◽  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Sound Transmission ◽  
Sound Insulation ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Sound Transmission Loss ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
Frequency Range

Abstract Within the present study, the effect of hemp (40 wt%) and polyactide (60 wt%), non-woven surface density, thickness and number of fibre web layers on the sound absorption coefficient and the sound transmission loss in the frequency range from 50 to 5000 Hz is analysed. The sound insulation properties of the experimental samples have been determined, compared to the ones in practical use, and the possible use of material has been defined. Non-woven materials are ideally suited for use in acoustic insulation products because the arrangement of fibres produces a porous material structure, which leads to a greater interaction between sound waves and fibre structure. Of all the tested samples (A, B and D), the non-woven variant B exceeded the surface density of sample A by 1.22 times and 1.15 times that of sample D. By placing non-wovens one above the other in 2 layers, it is possible to increase the absorption coefficient of the material, which depending on the frequency corresponds to C, D, and E sound absorption classes. Sample A demonstrates the best sound absorption of all the three samples in the frequency range from 250 to 2000 Hz. In the test frequency range from 50 to 5000 Hz, the sound transmission loss varies from 0.76 (Sample D at 63 Hz) to 3.90 (Sample B at 5000 Hz).

Acoustic performance prediction of a multilayered finite cylinder equipped with porous foam media

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 899-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Darvish Gohari ◽  
MohamdReza Zarastvand ◽  
Roohollah Talebitooti
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Shear Deformation Theory ◽  
Sound Transmission ◽  
Double Fourier Series ◽  
Finite Cylinder ◽  
Sound Insulation ◽  
Transverse Displacement ◽  
Sound Transmission Loss ◽  
Insulation Property ◽  
Longitudinal Modes

This paper presents an analytical model to embed porous materials in a finite cylindrical shell in order to obtain the sound transmission loss coefficient. Although the circumferential modes are considered only for calculating the amount of the transmitted noise through an infinitely long cylinder, the present study employs the longitudinal modes in addition to circumferential ones to analyze the vibroacoustic performance of a simply supported cylinder subjected to the porous core based on the first order shear deformation theory. To achieve this goal, the structure is immersed in a fluid and excited by an acoustic wave. In addition, the acoustic pressures and the displacements are developed in the form of double Fourier series. Since these series consist of infinite modes, it is essential to terminate this process by considering adequate modes. Hence, the convergence checking algorithm is employed in the form of some three-dimensional configurations with respect to length, frequency and radius. Afterwards, some figures are plotted to confirm the accuracy of the present formulation. In these configurations, the obtained sound transmission loss from the present study is compared with that of the infinite one. It is shown that by increasing the length of the structure, the results are approached to sound transmission loss of the infinite shells. Moreover, a new approach is proposed to show the transverse displacement of a finite poroelastic cylinder at different frequencies. Based on the outcomes, it is found that by enhancing the length of the poroelastic cylinder, the amount of the transmitted sound into the structure is reduced at the high frequency domain. However, the sound insulation property of the structure is improved at the low frequency region when the radius of the shell is decreased.

scholarly journals Low-Frequency Broadband Sound Transmission Loss of Infinite Orthogonally Rib-Stiffened Sandwich Structure with Periodic Subwavelength Arrays of Shunted Piezoelectric Patches

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhifu Zhang ◽  
Weiguang Zheng ◽  
Qibai Huang
Keyword(s):  
Sandwich Structure ◽  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Virtual Work ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Sound Transmission ◽  
Sound Insulation ◽  
Convergence Criterion ◽  
Sound Transmission Loss ◽  
Space Harmonic ◽  
Broadband Sound

This paper studies low-frequency sound transmission loss (STL) of an infinite orthogonally rib-stiffened sandwich structure flexibly connected with periodic subwavelength arrays of finite shunted piezoelectric patches. A complete theoretical model is proposed by three steps. First, the panels and piezoelectric patches on both sides are equivalent to two homogeneous facesheets by effective medium method. Second, we take into account all inertia terms of the rib-stiffeners to establish the governing equations by space harmonic method, separating the amplitude coefficients of the equivalent facesheets through virtual work principle. Third, the expression of STL is reduced. Based on the two prerequisites of subwavelength assumption and convergence criterion, the accuracy and validity of the model are verified by finite element simulations, cited experiments, and theoretical values. In the end, parameters affecting the STL performance of the structure are studied. All of these results show that the sandwich structure can improve the low-frequency STL effectively and broaden the sound insulation bandwidth.

Sound Transmission Loss of Adhesively Bonded Sandwich Panels with Pyramidal Truss Core: Theory and Experiment

2015 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 1550013 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Shen ◽  
Q. C. Zhang ◽  
S. Q. Chen ◽  
H. Y. Xia ◽  
F. Jin
Keyword(s):  
Adhesive Bonding ◽  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Sandwich Panels ◽  
Sound Transmission ◽  
Homogenization Theory ◽  
Sound Insulation ◽  
Sound Transmission Loss ◽  
Adhesively Bonded ◽  
Effective Elastic Constant ◽  
Standing Wave Tube

In this paper, an analytical model is developed to investigate sound transmission loss characteristic of adhesively bonded metal sandwich panels with pyramidal lattice truss cores based on 3D elasticity theory. Meanwhile, practical specimen is fabricated to conduct corresponding sound insulation experiment test via a standing wave tube method. The effective elastic constant of truss cores is derived using one homogenization theory on account of equivalent strain energy. It is found that satisfactory agreement is achieved between theoretical solutions and experiment results, and damping effect of adhesive bonding interface between facesheets and core has a great impact on transmission loss. Further parameter investigations demonstrate the significant effect of the elevation and azimuth angles of the pyramidal cores, which can be conveniently changed to tailor the acoustic performance of the sandwich panels in the whole frequency range.

scholarly journals Normal Incidence of Sound Transmission Loss of a Double-Leaf Partition Inserted with a Microperforated Panel

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Putra ◽  
A. Y. Ismail ◽  
R. Ramlan ◽  
Md. R. Ayob ◽  
M. S. Py
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Sound Transmission ◽  
Normal Incidence ◽  
Sound Transmission Loss ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Noise Barrier ◽  
The Mathematical Model

A double-leaf partition in engineering structures has been widely applied for its advantages, that is, in terms of its mechanical strength as well as its lightweight property. In noise control, the double-leaf also serves as an effective noise barrier. Unfortunately at low frequency, the sound transmission loss reduces significantly due to the coupling between the panels and the air between them. This paper studies the effect of a microperforated panel (MPP) inserted inside a double-leaf partition on the sound transmission loss performance of the system. The MPP insertion is proposed to provide a hygienic double-leaf noise insulator replacing the classical abrasive porous materials between the panels. It is found that the transmission loss improves at the troublesome mass-air-mass resonant frequency if the MPP is located closer to the solid panel. The mathematical model is derived for normal incidence of acoustic loading.

scholarly journals SOUND TRANSMISSION LOSS OF A DOUBLE-LEAF SOLID-MICROPERFORATED PARTITION UNDER NORMAL INCIDENCE OF ACOUSTIC LOADING

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Yusuf Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Noise Source ◽  
Sound Transmission ◽  
Normal Incidence ◽  
Acoustic Excitation ◽  
Sound Transmission Loss ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Vehicle Cabin ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The micro-perforated panel (MPP) is recently well-known as an alternative ‘green‘ sound absorber replacing the conventional porous materials. Constructed from a solid panel which provides a non-abrassive structure and also an optically attractive surface, there gives a feasibility to implement such a panel inside a vehicle cabin. This paper is the preliminary study to investigate the sound transmission loss (TL) of a solid panel coupled with a micro-perforated panel to form a doube-leaf partition which is already known as a lightweigth stucture for noise insulation in vehicles and buildings. The mathematical model for the TL subjected to normal incidence of acoustic excitation is derived. The results show that its performance substantially improves at the troublesome frequency of mass-air-mass resonance which occurs in the conventional double-leaf solid partition. This is important particularly for the noise source predominant at low frequencies. This can also be controlled by tuning the hole size and number as well as the air gap between the panels.  ABSTRAK: Panel bertebuk mikro (micro-perforated panel (MPP)) kebelakangan ini dikenali sebagai alternatif penyerap bunyi yang mesra alam menggantikan bahan berliang lazim. Dibina daripada satu panel padu yang memberikan satu struktur tak lelas dan juga satu permukaan yang menarik, ia memberikan kemungkinan penggunaan panel tersebut di dalam kabin kenderaan. Tesis ini merupakan kajian permulaan dalam mengkaji hilang pancaran bunyi (sound transmission loss (TL)) oleh satu panel padu yang digandingkan dengan satu panel bertebuk mikro. Kaedah ini menghasilkan satu sekatan lembar kembar yang sememangnya dikenali sebagai struktur ringan penebat bunyi di dalam kenderaan dan bangunan. Model matematik diterbitkan untuk TL tersebut dengan menjalankan pengujaan akustik yang tuju normal. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa prestasi meningkat dengan ketara pada frekuensi yang susah semasa resonans jisim-udara-jisim berlaku di dalam sekatan padu lembar kembar  lazim. Ini penting terutamanya untuk sumber bunyi yang pradominan pada frekuensi rendah. Ia juga boleh dikawal dengan menalakan saiz dan jumlah lubang serta luang udara di antara panel-panel  tersebut.

Characterizing the Sound Insulation of a Specially Orthotropic Multi-Layered Medium

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-J. Lin ◽  
C.-N. Wang ◽  
Y.-M. Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Sound Propagation ◽  
Transmission Loss ◽  
Sound Transmission ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Sound Insulation ◽  
Sound Transmission Loss ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Sound Transmission Class

AbstractThis work explores the sound transmission loss provided by the orthotropic multi-layers to elucidate the sound insulation of FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastics). Mat is the major material considered in the numerical works. The transfer matrices of a single layer of the orthotropic laminate and the fluid are determined. Further, the boundary conditions on the various interface planes are arranged into matrix form. Combining the transfer matrixes and the boundary conditions and applying the transfer matrix method (TMM) yields the surface impedance and the sound transmission loss. The sound-propagation characteristics are studied. Additionally, the STC (Sound Transmission Class) of FRP and steel are compared and discussed.

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