Serum Leptin Concentrations in Turkish Parkinson’s Disease Population

Objectives. To investigate leptin levels and their relationship to body composition and demographic and clinical characteristics of Turkish patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD).Patients and Methods. Forty eligible PD patients and 25 healthy controls were included in the study. Body composition measurements (height, weight, waist circumference (WC), and body mass index (BMI)) of the whole sample and clinical findings of PD patients were evaluated in the on-state. A single 5 mL fasting blood sample was obtained from each participant in the morning. Severity of PD was evaluated using the Hoehn and Yahr scale and the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale.Results. The mean age of the patients and controls was60.8±9.4and61.8±5.8years, while the mean BMI was30.17±5.10and28.03±3.23and the mean leptin levels were6.8±6.9and3.9±3.8 ng/mL, respectively. Only age and gender were correlated with leptin levels. There was a significant difference (P<0.001) in leptin levels between male (3.6±3.1 ng/mL) and female (14.3±7.7 ng/mL) PD patients. Among the male PD patients, older age and higher BMI and WC values were associated with higher mean leptin levels. There was not any significant relationship between leptin levels and clinical findings in PD patients.Conclusion. These results may suggest that leptin levels have no determinative role in the follow-up of PD patients with regard to the severity and clinical prognosis of PD.

Download Full-text

Retinal Morphological Changes during the Two Years of Follow-Up in Parkinson's Disease

10.21203/rs.3.rs-17217/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mahmut Atum ◽

Bekir Enes Demiryurek

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Early Stage ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Fiber Layer ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Yahr Scale ◽

And Control

Abstract Background: The study aims to investigate the relationship between the progression of idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) and retinal morphology. Methods: The study was carried out with 23 patients diagnosed with early-stage IPD (phases 1 and 2 of the Hoehn and Yahr scale) and 30 age-matched healthy controls. All patients were followed up at least two years, with 6-month intervals (initial, 6th month, 12th month, 18th month, and 24th month), and detailed neurological and ophthalmic examinations were performed at each follow-up. Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III (UPDRS Part III) scores, Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) scores, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, central macular thickness (CMT) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness were analyzed at each visit. Results: The average age of the IPD and control groups was 43.96 ± 4.88 years, 44.53 ± 0.83 years, respectively. The mean duration of the disease in the IPD group was 7.48 ± 5.10 months at the start of the study (range 0-16). There was no statistically significant difference in BCVA and IOP values between the two groups during the two-year follow-up period (p> 0.05, p> 0.05, respectively). Average and superior quadrant RNFL thicknesses were statistically different between the two groups at 24 months and there was no significant difference between other visits (p = 0.025, p=0.034, p> 0.05, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in CMT between the two groups during the follow-up period (p> 0.05). Conclusion: Average and superior quadrant RNFL thicknesses were significantly thinning with the progression of IPD.

Download Full-text

Retinal morphological changes during the two years of follow-up in Parkinson’s disease

Ideggyógyászati Szemle ◽

10.18071/isz.74.0057 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 74 (1-2) ◽

pp. 57-63

Author(s):

Mahmut Atum ◽

Bekir Enes Demiryürek

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Early Stage ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Fiber Layer ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Yahr Scale ◽

And Control

The study aims to investigate the relationship between the progression of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (IPD) and retinal morphology. The study was carried out with 23 patients diagnosed with early-stage IPD (phases 1 and 2 of the Hoehn and Yahr scale) and 30 age-matched healthy controls. All patients were followed up at least two years, with 6-month intervals (initial, 6th month, 12th month, 18th month, and 24th month), and detailed neurological and ophthalmic examinations were performed at each follow-up. Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part III (UPDRS Part III) scores, Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) scores, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, central macular thickness (CMT) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness were analyzed at each visit. The average age of the IPD and control groups was 43.96 ± 4.88 years, 44.53 ± 0.83 years, respectively. The mean duration of the disease in the IPD group was 7.48 ± 5.10 months at the start of the study (range 0-16). There was no statistically significant difference in BCVA and IOP values between the two groups during the two-year follow-up period (p> 0.05, p> 0.05, respectively). Average and superior quadrant RNFL thicknesses were statistically different between the two groups at 24 months and there was no significant difference between other visits (p=0.025, p=0.034, p> 0.05, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in CMT between the two groups during the follow-up period (p> 0.05). Average and superior quadrant RNFL thicknesses were significantly thinning with the progression of IPD.

Download Full-text

Donepezil for mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-84243-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kyoungwon Baik ◽

Seon Myeong Kim ◽

Jin Ho Jung ◽

Yang Hyun Lee ◽

Seok Jong Chung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Outcome Measures ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference

AbstractWe investigated the efficacy of donepezil for mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease (PD-MCI). This was a prospective, non-randomized, open-label, two-arm study. Eighty PD-MCI patients were assigned to either a treatment or control group. The treatment group received donepezil for 48 weeks. The primary outcome measures were the Korean version of Mini-Mental State Exam and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores. Secondary outcome measures were the Clinical Dementia Rating, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part III, Clinical Global Impression scores. Progression of dementia was assessed at 48-week. Comprehensive neuropsychological tests and electroencephalography (EEG) were performed at baseline and after 48 weeks. The spectral power ratio of the theta to beta2 band (TB2R) in the electroencephalogram was analyzed. There was no significant difference in the primary and secondary outcome measures between the two groups. However, the treatment group showed a significant decrease in TB2R at bilateral frontotemporoparietal channels compared to the control group. Although we could not demonstrate improvements in the cognitive functions, donepezil treatment had a modulatory effect on the EEG in PD-MCI patients. EEG might be a sensitive biomarker for detecting changes in PD-MCI after donepezil treatment.

Download Full-text

Physiotherapy versus Consecutive Physiotherapy and Cognitive Treatment in People with Parkinson’s Disease: A Pilot Randomized Cross-Over Study

Journal of Personalized Medicine ◽

10.3390/jpm11080687 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 687

Author(s):

Valentina Varalta ◽

Paola Poiese ◽

Serena Recchia ◽

Barbara Montagnana ◽

Cristina Fonte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Verbal Learning ◽

Functional Mobility ◽

Cognitive Treatment ◽

Rehabilitation Programs ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by motor and cognitive dysfunctions that can usually be treated by physiotherapy or cognitive training, respectively. The effects of consecutive physiotherapy and cognitive rehabilitation programs on PD deficits are less investigated. Objective: We investigated the effects of 3 months of physiotherapy (physiotherapy treatment group) or consecutive physiotherapy and cognitive (physiotherapy and cognitive treatment group) rehabilitation programs on cognitive, motor, and psychological aspects in 20 PD patients. Methods: The two groups switched programs and continued rehabilitation for another 3 months. The outcomes were score improvement on cognitive (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Frontal Assessment Battery, Trail Making Test, Verbal Phonemic Fluency, Digit Span, and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning), motor (Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale-III, Berg Balance Scale, Two-Minute Walking Test, and Time Up and Go), and psychological (Beck Depression Inventory and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) scales. Results: Between-group comparison revealed a significant difference in functional mobility between the two rehabilitation programs. Improvements in walking abilities were noted after both interventions, but only the patients treated with consecutive training showed better performance on functional mobility and memory tasks. Conclusion: Our findings support the hypothesis that consecutive physiotherapy plus cognitive rehabilitation may have a greater benefit than physiotherapy alone in patients with PD.

Download Full-text

The Incidence of Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Neuroepidemiology ◽

10.1159/000445751 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 292-300 ◽

Cited By ~ 171

Author(s):

Lauren Hirsch ◽

Nathalie Jette ◽

Alexandra Frolkis ◽

Thomas Steeves ◽

Tamara Pringsheim

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Age Groups ◽

Significant Heterogeneity ◽

International Studies ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Gender

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder. Epidemiological studies on the incidence of PD are important to better understand the risk factors for PD and determine the condition's natural history. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis examine the incidence of PD and its variation by age and gender. Methods: We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for epidemiologic studies of PD from 2001 to 2014, as a previously published systematic review included studies published until 2001. Data were analyzed separately for age group and gender, and meta-regression was used to determine whether a significant difference was present between groups. Results: Twenty-seven studies were included in the analysis. Meta-analysis of international studies showed rising incidence with age in both men and women. Significant heterogeneity was observed in the 80+ group, which may be explained by methodological differences between studies. While males had a higher incidence of PD in all age groups, this difference was only statistically significant for those in the age range 60-69 and 70-79 (p < 0.05). Conclusion: PD incidence generally increases with age, although it may stabilize in those who are 80+.

Download Full-text

Dance Rhythms Improve Motor Symptoms in Individuals with Parkinson’s Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Journal of Dance Medicine & Science ◽

10.12678/1089-313x.031522a ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jéssica A. Moratelli ◽

Kettlyn H. Alexandre ◽

Leonessa Boing ◽

Alessandra Swarowsky ◽

Clynton L. Corrêa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Clinical Trial ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Randomized Clinical Trial ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Freezing Of Gait ◽

Motor Symptoms ◽

Score Change ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Binary Group

Background: Evidence-based practices involving dance modalities found in binary (two-beat rhythm) or quaternary (four-beat rhythm) show that dance positively influences the motor aspects of disease.Aim: This randomized clinical trial aimed to analyze the effect of two dance rhythm (binary and quaternary) on the balance, gait, and mobility in individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods: Thirty-one individuals with PD were randomized into the binary group (n = 18) and the quaternary group (n = 13). Both groups participated in different dance rhythms lasting 12 weeks, twice a week, for 45 minutes. Results: The binary group showed a significant difference in balance (p = 0.003), freezing of gait (p = 0.007), as well as in the motor aspects of MDS-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS), with emphasis on the total values with a score change of 3.23. In the quaternary group, significant differences were found in balance (p = 0.021) with a score change of -2.54 and in the motor aspects of the MDS-UPDRS Part III where the total values stood out with a change of 3.54. Discussion: When comparing the possible effects of binary and quaternary rhythms on the motor symptoms of individuals with PD, it was demonstrated that binary rhythm improved balance, freezing gait, and UPDRSIII. As for the quaternary rhythm, the benefits were in balance and the UPDRSIII. Conclusion: The binary and the quaternary rhythm dance protocols positively influenced the motor symptoms of individuals with PD after 12 weeks of intervention.

Download Full-text

Delayed recall memory impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease

Dementia & Neuropsychologia ◽

10.1590/s1980-5764-2016dn1003006 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 204-209 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Arthur Oscar Schelp ◽

Cristiane Lara Mendes-Chiloff ◽

Vanessa Cristina Paduan ◽

José Eduardo Corrente ◽

Fabrício Diniz de Lima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Episodic Memory ◽

Memory Impairment ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Demographic Variables ◽

Delayed Recall ◽

Recall Memory ◽

Significant Difference ◽

With Memory

ABSTRACT Age is one of the risk factors for dementia in patients with Parkinson's disease (PDD). Distinct cognitive syndromes of Parkinson's disease (PD) have been identified in previous studies. Questions about the role of such cognitive disorders in PD outcomes, especially memory dysfunction, in patients with PD remain unanswered. Objective: To establish possible correlations between delayed recall memory (episodic memory), age, and other demographic variables in patients with PD. Methods: A two-stage protocol was applied. Patients with delayed recall memory compromise, selected based on a brief battery of tests (BBRC-Edu), were classified as dementia cases and submitted to the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS). Data from patients with memory disturbances were compared against individuals without episodic memory impairment, and correlated with age and demographic variables. Results: Except for identification and naming, all subtests in the screening battery showed a significant difference (p≤0.0001) between the memory-compromised group (case) and the group without memory impairment (no case). The results also correlated negatively with age (p≤0.0001) and positively with level of education (p=0.0874) in patients with PD. Conclusion: The analysis showed a significant relationship between age and dementia characterized by impaired episodic memory. The findings support reports of a wide spectrum of neuropsychological performance impairment in PD with age, particularly dementia associated with memory deterioration. No correlations between disease duration and cognitive dysfunction were evident.

Download Full-text

The Cognition of Maximal Reach Distance in Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson s Disease ◽

10.1155/2016/6827085 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Satoru Otsuki ◽

Masanori Nagaoka

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Target Object ◽

Clinical Findings ◽

Reaching Movements ◽

Spatial Distance ◽

Distance Error ◽

Healthy Elderly ◽

Disease Rating

This study aimed to investigate whether the cognition of spatial distance in reaching movements was decreased in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and whether this cognition was associated with various symptoms of PD. Estimated and actual maximal reaching distances were measured in three directions in PD patients and healthy elderly volunteers. Differences between estimated and actual measurements were compared within each group. In the PD patients, the associations between “error in cognition” of reaching distance and “clinical findings” were also examined. The results showed that no differences were observed in any values regardless of dominance of hand and severity of symptoms. The differences between the estimated and actual measurements were negatively deviated in the PD patients, indicating that they tended to underestimate reaching distance. “Error in cognition” of reaching distance correlated with the items of posture in the motor section of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale. This suggests that, in PD patients, postural deviation and postural instability might affect the cognition of the distance from a target object.

Download Full-text

Urinary dysfunction with detrusor hyperactivity in women with Parkinson's disease cannot be blamed as a factor of worsening motor performance

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/0004-282x20130101 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 71 (9A) ◽

pp. 591-595 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Raimundo Nonato Campos-Sousa ◽

Elizabeth Maria Aparecida Barasnevicius Quagliato ◽

Kelson James Almeida ◽

Inacio Augusto Dias de Castro ◽

Viriato Campelo

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Motor Performance ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Urinary Dysfunction ◽

Clinical Aspects ◽

Yahr Scale ◽

Disease Rating ◽

Detrusor Hyperactivity

Introduction Detrusor hyperactivity is the leading cause of urinary dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD). There are few studies correlating PD clinical aspects with this autonomic feature. Methods A cohort of 63 women with PD were prospectively examined for assessment of clinical aspects and disease severity using unified Parkinson's disease rating scale and Hoehn-Yahr scale, respectively. The urologic function was evaluated by the urodynamic study. Two groups were categorized at this time - groups with and without detrusor hyperactivity. After seven years, the same parameters were re-evaluated. Results Progression of the disease on mental scores was found in the group with detrusor hyperactivity. On follow-up, clinical symptoms and severity did not show significant worsening between the groups. Conclusion Detrusor hyperactivity is a frequent urodynamic finding in PD, and even though it is associated with dopaminergic dysfunction, it cannot be blamed as a factor of worsening motor performance, but is probably associated with poor cognitive and mental prognosis.

Download Full-text

Stability of MDS-UPDRS Motor Subtypes Over Three Years in Early Parkinson's Disease

Frontiers in Neurology ◽

10.3389/fneur.2021.704906 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Abhijeet K. Kohat ◽

Samuel Y. E. Ng ◽

Aidan S. Y. Wong ◽

Nicole S. Y. Chia ◽

Xinyi Choi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Baseline Factors ◽

Prospective Cohorts ◽

The Mean ◽

The Stability ◽

Early Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Levodopa Equivalent Daily Dose

Background: Various classifications have been proposed to subtype Parkinson's disease (PD) based on their motor phenotypes. However, the stability of these subtypes has not been properly evaluated.Objective: The goal of this study was to understand the distribution of PD motor subtypes, their stability over time, and baseline factors that predicted subtype stability.Methods: Participants (n = 170) from two prospective cohorts were included: the Early PD Longitudinal Singapore (PALS) study and the National Neuroscience Institute Movement Disorders Database. Early PD patients were classified into tremor-dominant (TD), postural instability and gait difficulty (PIGD), and indeterminate subtypes according to the Movement Disorder Society's Unified PD Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) criteria and clinically evaluated for three consecutive years.Results: At baseline, 60.6% patients were TD, 12.4% patients were indeterminate, and 27.1% patients were PIGD subtypes (p < 0.05). After 3 years, only 62% of patients in TD and 50% of patients in PIGD subtypes remained stable. The mean levodopa equivalent daily dose (LEDD) was higher in the PIGD subtype (276.92 ± 232.91 mg; p = 0.01). Lower LEDD [p < 0.05, odds ratio (OR) 0.99, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.98–0.99] and higher TD/PIGD ratios (p < 0.05, OR 1.77, 95% CI: 1.29–2.43) were independent predictors of stability of TD subtype with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.787 (95%CI: 0.669–0.876), sensitivity = 57.8%, and specificity = 89.7%.Conclusion: Only 50–62% of PD motor subtypes as defined by MDS-UPDRS remained stable over 3 years. TD/PIGD ratio and baseline LEDD were independent predictors for TD subtype stability over 3 years.

Download Full-text