scholarly journals Shifting the Frontiers of Analog and Mixed-Signal Electronics

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur H. M. van Roermund
Keyword(s):  
Channel Capacity ◽  
Upper Bound ◽  
Power Dissipation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Mixed Signal ◽  
Analog Signals ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
On Chip ◽  
High Level ◽  
Chip Signal

Nowadays, analog and mixed-signal (AMS) IC designs, mainly found in the frontends of large ICs, are highly dedicated, complex, and costly. They form a bottleneck in the communication with the outside world, determine an upper bound in quality, yield, and flexibility for the IC, and require a significant part of the power dissipation. Operating very close to physical limits, serious boundaries are faced. This paper relates, from a high-level point of view, these boundaries to the Shannon channel capacity and shows how the AMS circuitry forms a matching link in transforming the external analog signals, optimized for the communication medium, to the optimal on-chip signal representation, the digital one, for the IC medium. The signals in the AMS part itself are consequently not optimally matched to the IC medium. To further shift the frontiers of AMS design, a matching-driven design approach is crucial for AMS. Four levels will be addressed: technology-driven, states-driven, redundancy-driven, and nature-driven design. This is done based on an analysis of the various classes of AMS signals and their specific properties, seen from the angle of redundancy. This generic, but abstract way of looking at the design process will be substantiated with many specific examples.

Territorial Distribution of Alcohol and Drug Addictions Mortality Concerning Regional Disparities in the Slovak Republic from Year 1996 to Year 2015

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Regional Disparities ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Extreme Position ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

BACKGROUND: This paper deals with territorial distribution of the alcohol and drug addictions mortality at a level of the districts of the Slovak Republic. AIM: The aim of the paper is to explore the relations within the administrative territorial division of the Slovak Republic, that is, between the individual districts and hence, to reveal possibly hidden relation in alcohol and drug mortality. METHODS: The analysis is divided and executed into the two fragments – one belongs to the female sex, the other one belongs to the male sex. The standardised mortality rate is computed according to a sequence of the mathematical relations. The Euclidean distance is employed to compute the similarity within each pair of a whole data set. The cluster analysis examines is performed. The clusters are created by means of the mutual distances of the districts. The data is collected from the database of the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic for all the districts of the Slovak Republic. The covered time span begins in the year 1996 and ends in the year 2015. RESULTS: The most substantial point is that the Slovak Republic possesses the regional disparities in a field of mortality expressed by the standardised mortality rate computed particularly for the diagnoses assigned to the alcohol and drug addictions at a considerably high level. However, the female sex and the male sex have the different outcome. The Bratislava III District keeps absolutely the most extreme position. It forms an own cluster for the both sexes too. The Topoľčany District bears a similar extreme position from a point of view of the male sex. All the Bratislava districts keep their mutual notable dissimilarity. Contrariwise, evaluation of a development of the regional disparities among the districts looks like notably heterogeneously. CONCLUSIONS: There are considerable regional discrepancies throughout the districts of the Slovak Republic. Hence, it is necessary to create a common platform how to proceed with the solution of this issue.

scholarly journals Integrated Magnetohydrodynamic Pump with Magnetic Composite Substrate and Laser-Induced Graphene Electrodes

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1113
Author(s):  
Mohammed Asadullah Khan ◽  
Jürgen Kosel
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Magnetic Composite ◽  
Propulsive Force ◽  
Closed Channel ◽  
Lab On Chip ◽  
Composite Substrate ◽  
On Chip ◽  
High Level ◽  
Moving Parts

An integrated polymer-based magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) pump that can actuate saline fluids in closed-channel devices is presented. MHD pumps are attractive for lab-on-chip applications, due to their ability to provide high propulsive force without any moving parts. Unlike other MHD devices, a high level of integration is demonstrated by incorporating both laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrodes as well as a NdFeB magnetic-flux source in the NdFeB-polydimethylsiloxane permanent magnetic composite substrate. The effects of transferring the LIG film from polyimide to the magnetic composite substrate were studied. Operation of the integrated magneto hydrodynamic pump without disruptive bubbles was achieved. In the studied case, the pump produces a flow rate of 28.1 µL/min. while consuming ~1 mW power.

Arising of Informal Women's Learn-to-code Communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Louise Ann Lyon ◽  
Chelsea Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Learning Community ◽  
Virtual Communities ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
Activity System ◽  
Learning Group ◽  
Management Platform ◽  
High Level ◽  
Verbal Encouragement ◽  
Activity Systems Analysis

Female-focused, grassroots communities purporting to help women learn to code are popping up in a variety of settings, indicating the motivation on the part of the participants to evade male-dominated settings while learning. However, little is known about how these groups function as an activity system. With current technology enabling the forming of virtual communities and the meteoric rise in use of the Salesforce CRM (customer relationship management) platform, a group of women have formed a coaching and learning community designed to help women move from Salesforce administrators to software developers through learning to code. We used activity systems analysis (ASA) to investigate this real-world instance of the larger phenomenon using an ethnographic approach. We used ASA to organize and make sense of the data by first creating a table listing the points on the activity system triangle (subject, rules, object, etc.) and filling in the points of the triangle based on the design of the coaching and learning group as described by participants; this gave us a high-level view of the activity system. To understand the subjects’ point of view of the system, we then created a new column in the table to fill in themes that emerged from our qualitative data analysis organized by dimension of the activity system. This process enabled us to capture the activity and the voices of participants as well as tensions that had emerged in the system. Findings show a range of outcomes, from participants crediting the group as a kickstart to the journey to successfully landing a job as a developer to members stalling in their progress after involvement. Results also show that purposeful tensions of welcoming novice questions and offering unsolicited verbal encouragement built into the activity system create a welcoming, safe environment for women learning to code.

Heat Transfer and Thermal Stress Analysis of an Optoelectronic Package

1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Stack ◽  
M. S. Acarlar
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Power Dissipation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Data Link ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Induced Stresses

The reliability and life of an Optical Data Link transmitter are inversely related to the temperature of the LED. It is therefore critical to have efficient packaging from the point of view of thermal management. For the ODL® 200H devices, it is also necessary to ensure that all package seals remain hermetic throughout the stringent military temperature range requirements of −65 to +150°C. For these devices, finite element analysis was used to study both the thermal paths due to LED power dissipation and the thermally induced stresses in the hermetic joints due to ambient temperature changes

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