scholarly journals Synthesis, Structural and Optical Investigations of (Pb, Bi)TiO3 Borosilicate Glasses

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandkiram Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Borosilicate Glasses ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic ◽  
Spectral Bands ◽  
Prepared Glass ◽  
Infrared And Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Spectral Patterns

A new series of lead bismuth titanate borosilicate glasses with addition of one percent lanthanum oxide have been synthesized using melt-quench technique. X-ray diffraction patterns have been recorded to confirm the amorphous nature of the prepared glass samples. The synthesized glasses have been characterized by using various spectroscopic techniques such as UV-visible, infrared, and Raman spectroscopy. UV-visible measurements were recorded in the wavelength range from 200 to 1100 nm whereas IR and Raman spectroscopic measurements were recorded over a continuous wavenumber range from 400 to 5000 cm−1 and 1000 to 2000 cm−1 respectively. The different absorption peaks/bands were formed in IR spectral patterns. The spectral bands appear towards the lower wavenumber sides due to the Bi and Pb, content while the bands appear towards the higher wavenumber sides due to the formation of diborate and triborate network units.

Investigation of Structural, Thermal Properties and Shielding Parameters of Borosilicate Glasses Doped with Dy3+/ Tb3+ Ions for Gamma and Neutron Radiation Shielding Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-61
Author(s):  
Bashar Khudhair Abbas ◽  
Sharudin Omar Baki ◽  
Fong Wai Leng ◽  
Haider Khudhair Abbas ◽  
Layth Al-Sarraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Neutron Radiation ◽  
Mean Free Path ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Borosilicate Glasses ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Main Compound ◽  
Unit Structure ◽  
Prepared Glass

In this study, borosilicate host (H) and seven (S1-S7) samples are prepared by traditional melt-quenching technique. The samples are singly (S1, S2) and doubly (S3-S7) doped with deferent contents of Tb3+ and Dy3+ ions. All samples are analyzed and characterized by XRD (x-ray diffraction), ATR-FTIR (Attenuated total Reflectance-Fourier transform infrared) spectroscopy, TGA/DSC (Thermogravimetric analysis/Differential scanning calorimetry), and Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, the radiation shielding parameters of mentioned glasses such as mass attenuation (?/?), mean free path (MFP), and half-value layer (HVL) are evaluated within the energy of 0.015MeV-15MeV. These parameters are theoretically investigated and evaluated by using XCOM, WINXCOM, and Phy-X programs in addition to the other relevant equations. The ATR-FTIR measurement and Raman spectroscopy results confirmed the unit structure of BO3 and BO4 groups as the main compound as well as the Aluminum-oxide (Al-O-Al) and zinc-oxide (ZnO4) bonds. The transition (Tg), onset crystallization (Tx), crystallization (Tc) temperatures, and weight loss were identified from DSC and TGA findings, respectively. Also, the prepared glass shows good stability against crystallization, as reflected by (?T) variation. Furthermore, the radiation shielding parameter findings show good enhancement of the performance of the samples. However, upon these findings, one can say that these glasses could be used and utilized for radiation shielding purposes.

Structural and optical properties of Ba(Co1−xZnx)SiO4 (x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8)

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Anike ◽  
R. Derbeshi ◽  
W. Wong-Ng ◽  
W. Liu ◽  
D. Windover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Powder Diffraction File ◽  
Visible Absorption ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lattice Volume ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Pattern Determination ◽  
Bright Blue

Structural characterization and X-ray reference powder pattern determination have been conducted for the Co- and Zn-containing tridymite derivatives Ba(Co1−xZnx)SiO4 (x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8). The bright blue series of Ba(Co1−xZnx)SiO4 crystallized in the hexagonal P63 space group (No. 173), with Z = 6. While the lattice parameter “a” decreases from 9.126 (2) Å to 9.10374(6) Å from x = 0.2 to 0.8, the lattice parameter “c” increases from 8.69477(12) Å to 8.72200(10) Å, respectively. Apparently, despite the similarity of ionic sizes of Zn2+ and Co2+, these opposing trends are due to the framework tetrahedral tilting of (ZnCo)O4. The lattice volume, V, remains comparable between 626.27 Å3 and 626.017 (7) Å3 from x = 0 to x = 0.8. UV-visible absorption spectrum measurements indicate the band gap of these two materials to be ≈3.3 and ≈3.5 eV, respectively, therefore potential UV photocatalytic materials. Reference powder X-ray diffraction patterns of these compounds have been submitted to be included in the Powder Diffraction File (PDF).

scholarly journals Spectroscopic and Crystal-Chemical Features of Sodalite-Group Minerals from Gem Lazurite Deposits

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1042
Author(s):  
Nikita V. Chukanov ◽  
Anatoly N. Sapozhnikov ◽  
Roman Yu. Shendrik ◽  
Marina F. Vigasina ◽  
Ralf Steudel
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Visible Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spin Resonance ◽  
Incommensurate Modulation ◽  
Wet Chemical ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Subordinate Role

Five samples of differently colored sodalite-group minerals from gem lazurite deposits were studied by means of electron microprobe and wet chemical analyses, infrared, Raman, electron spin resonance (ESR) and UV-Visible spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Various extra-framework components (SO42−, S2− and Cl− anions, S3•−, S2•− and SO3•− radical anions, H2O, CO2, COS, cis- as well as trans- or gauche-S4 neutral molecules have been identified. It is shown that S3•− and S4 are the main blue and purple chromophores, respectively, whereas the S2•− yellow chromophore and SO3•− blue chromophore play a subordinate role. X-ray diffraction patterns of all samples of sodalite-group minerals from lazurite deposits studied in this work contain superstructure reflections which indicate different kinds of incommensurate modulation of the structures.

scholarly journals Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic activity of Co3O4/LiNbO3 composite

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 920-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Zielinska ◽  
Magdalena Janus ◽  
Ryszard Kalenczuk
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Cobalt Content ◽  
Cobalt Nitrate ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic ◽  
Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Content Range

AbstractThe Co3O4/LiNbO3 composites were synthesized by impregnation of LiNbO3 in an aqueous solution of cobalt nitrate and next by calcination at 400°C. The activity of produced samples has been investigated in the reaction of photocatalytic hydrogen generation. The crystallographic phases, optical and vibronic properties were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance (DR) UV-vis and resonance Raman spectroscopic techniques, respectively. The influence of cobalt content (range from 0.5 wt.% to 4 wt.%) on the photocatalytic activity of Co3O4/LiNbO3 composites for photocatalytic hydrogen generation has been investigated. Co3O4/LiNbO3 composites exhibited higher than LiNbO3 photocatalytic activity for hydrogen generation. The highest H2 evolution efficiency was observed for Co3O4/LiNbO3 composite with 3 wt.% cobalt content. The amount of H2 obtained in the presence of LiNbO3 and Co3O4/LiNbO3 (3 wt.% of cobalt content) was 1.38 µmol/min and 2.59 µmol min−1, respectively.

Raman Spectroscopic Identification of Fibrous Natural Zeolites

1998 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Wopenka ◽  
John J. Freeman ◽  
Tony Nikischer
Keyword(s):  
Beam Polarization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic ◽  
Laser Raman ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Spectroscopic Identification ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Spectral Patterns ◽  
Raman Spectral

Laser Raman microprobe spectra of the natrolite group of zeolites (fibrous hydrous network aluminosilicates) can be used to unambiguously distinguish among the six members of this group, which is difficult by visual, microscopic, and X-ray diffraction methods. The natrolite group of zeolites includes the following minerals: natrolite (Na2Al2Si3O10·2H2O), scolecite (CaAl2Si3O10·3H2O), mesolite (Na2Ca2Al6Si9O30·8H2O), thomsonite (NaCa2Al5Si5O20·6H2O), gonnardite (Na2CaAl4Si6O20·7H2O), and edingtonite (BaAl2Si3O10·4H2O). Accurate locations of peak maxima are given, and complete Raman spectra (from 100 to 4000 Δcm−1) are shown for each mineral. The individual members of this structurally very similar group of minerals can be identified on the basis of the exact Raman peak positions of the two strongest bands near 440 and 535 Δcm−1, the number and positions of weaker bands, and the difference in the dependence of peak intensities upon beam polarization direction. However, the minerals can be especially easily identified on the basis of their strikingly different Raman spectral patterns in the O–H stretching region (3000–3700 Δcm−1). The number and width of peaks in this spectral region correlate with the three different types of framework structures that occur among the natrolite group minerals.

Hydrothermal synthesis of micrometer doping CaWO4 phosphors assisted by polymerization

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (19) ◽  
pp. 1650246
Author(s):  
Liyong Wang ◽  
Yuanyuan Han ◽  
Dan Wang ◽  
Shiqi Wang ◽  
Guoxin Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Luminescent Properties ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Electron Microscopy Study ◽  
Lanthanide Ions ◽  
Structure Characteristic ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

CaWO4 crystals were prepared by hydrothermal method assisting with phenol-formaldehyde polymer. The morphology can be controlled by polymer, and X-ray diffraction patterns results present a scheelite-type tetragonal structure, characteristic infrared active modes for O–W–O in the range from 500 cm[Formula: see text] to 4000 cm[Formula: see text] by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic techniques. Raman results indicate that the crystals possess seven Raman active modes in the range from 100 cm[Formula: see text] to 1000 cm[Formula: see text]. A scanning electron microscopy study reveals that the particles exhibit uniform morphology. Luminescent properties were investigated by photoluminescence measurements, multicolor phosphors were obtained when Ca[Formula: see text] was substituted partly by lanthanide ions.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Properties of Sago Ozone Oxidation: The Effect of Reaction Time, Acidity, and Concentration of Starch

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1309
Author(s):  
Siswo Sumardiono ◽  
Bakti Jos ◽  
Isti Pudjihastuti ◽  
Arvin M. Yafiz ◽  
Megaria Rachmasari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Modified Starch ◽  
Sago Starch ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Carboxyl Content ◽  
Starch Concentration ◽  
Native Starch ◽  
Granule Morphology ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Spectral Patterns

The disadvantageous properties of sago starch has limited its application in food and industrial processes. The properties of sago starch can be improved by changing its physicochemical and rheological characteristics. This study examined the influence of reaction time, acidity, and starch concentration on the oxidation of sago starch with ozone, a strong oxidant. Swelling, solubility, carbonyl, carboxyl, granule morphology, thermal profile, and functional groups are comprehensively observed parameters. With starch concentrations of 10–30% (v/w) and more prolonged oxidation, sago starch was most soluble at pH 10. The swelling power decreased with a longer reaction time, reaching the lowest pH 10. In contrast, the carbonyl and carboxyl content exhibited the same pattern as solubility. A more alkaline environment tended to create modified starch with more favorable properties. Over time, oxidation shows more significant characteristics, indicating a superb product of this reaction. At the starch concentration of 20%, modified sago starch with the most favorable properties was created. When compared to modified starch, native starch is generally shaped in a more oval and irregular manner. Additionally, native starch and modified starch had similar spectral patterns and identical X-ray diffraction patterns. Meanwhile, oxidized starch had different gelatinization and retrogradation temperatures to those of the native starch.

scholarly journals Influence of Laser Energy and Annealing on Structural and Optical Properties of CdS Films Prepared by Laser Induced Plasma

2020 ◽  
pp. 1307-1312
Author(s):  
Wadaa S. Hussein ◽  
Ala' Fadhil Ahmed ◽  
Kadhim A. Aadim
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Laser Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Structural And Optical Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Laser Induced Plasma ◽  
Visible Spectra ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

The current study was achieved on the effects of laser energy and annealing temperature on x-ray structural and optical properties, such as the UV-Visible spectra of cadmium sulfide (CdS). The films were prepared using pules laser deposition technique (PLD) under vacuum at a pressure of 2.5×10-2 mbar with different laser energies (500-800 mJ) and annealing at a temperature of 473K. X-ray diffraction patterns and intensity curves for the CdS showed that the formation of CdS multi-crystallization films at all laser energies. The optical properties of the films were studied and the variables affecting them were investigated in relation to laser energy and changes in temperature.

Microwave-Aided Exfoliation and Reduction of Graphene Oxide

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1667-1671
Author(s):  
Sonal Rattan ◽  
Suresh Kumar ◽  
J. K. Goswamy
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Microwave Treatment ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Layer Spacing ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Efficient Reduction ◽  
Reduced Graphene

Wet chemical oxidation methods have been widely used to prepare graphene oxide from graphite flakes, which in turn can be reduced using strong and hazardous chemicals like hydrazine. In this report, we have demonstrated a non-hazardous method for simultaneous exfoliation and reduction of graphene oxide. Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), UV-Visible, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopic techniques have been used to ascertain chemical functionalization and reduction of graphene oxide. Morphological studies were carried out using field emission scanning electron microscopy. Morphological details of the microwave reduced graphene showed enhancement in inter-layer spacing of graphene sheets after microwave treatment. The enhancement in electrical conductivity of graphene oxide after microwave treatment indicates its efficient reduction.

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