scholarly journals The Effect of Conspecific Density on Emergence ofLestes bipupillatusCalvert, 1909 (Odonata: Lestidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Cardoso-Leite ◽  
Gabriel C. Vilardi ◽  
Rhainer Guillermo-Ferreira ◽  
Pitágoras C. Bispo
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Density Dependence ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
High Density ◽  
Conspecific Density ◽  
Simulated Environments ◽  
The Social ◽  
Emergence Date

Conspecific density may influence adult recruitment and consequently population dynamics. Several studies have shown the density dependence of larvae growth rates in Odonata. However, few studies studied how conspecific density influence final instar larvae emergence date decisions. Considering that larvae may choose the date of emergence, the present study investigated if density affects larvae choice. For this, we reared eight final instar larvae in individual aquaria and other 24 larvae in aquaria with three larvae each. This way, we simulated environments with low and high larval densities. We then noted the days that larvae took to emerge and compared it between low and high density groups. The results showed that larvae seem to emerge earlier when in high densities (Mann-Whitney,U=10.000,P=0.03). These results support the hypothesis that damselfly last instar larvae may postpone or hasten emergence in response to the social environment and related constraints.

scholarly journals A 25-years population dynamics of sika deer in Kyushu Island, Japan: Estimation using vector autoregressive spatiotemporal model and evaluation of a large-scale management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei Suzuki ◽  
Yasumitsu Kuwano ◽  
Yuki Kanamori ◽  
Yohei Kawauchi ◽  
Yoshihiko Uchimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Density Dependence ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sika Deer ◽  
High Density ◽  
Management Units ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
Kyushu Island ◽  
Core Areas ◽  
Scale Management

Regional management of large herbivore populations is known to be effective in reducing local economic damages and conserving local endemic plants. However, herbivores often move across management areas, and the effect of population management on a large spatial scale is poorly understood, even though it is necessary to use a large-scale approach across multiple management units to implement appropriate management. In this study, to better understand large-scale management and improve management efficiency, we evaluated effects of large-scale management of a sika deer (Cervus nippon) population on Kyushu Island (approximately 36,750 km2) in Japan. We estimated the population dynamics and spatial distributions of the deer and evaluated the effects of harvests, density dependence, and climatic conditions on the population dynamics both across Kyushu Island and in smaller prefectural management units. Fecal pellet count surveys conducted from 1995 to 2019 and results from a vector autoregressive spatio-temporal model showed relatively stable population dynamics and four high-density core areas. No increasing or decreasing trends were observed in the population dynamics, even though harvesting increased annually until it reached about 110,000 in 2014, indicating that harvesting was not related to the population dynamics. In addition, although no effects of density dependence were confirmed, maximum snow depth during winter decreased deer density at the management unit scale. Harvesting represents a major source of mortality in the Kyushu Island population because of the absence of predators. Although, approximately 110,000 sika deer were harvested annually after 2014, it is surprising that the effect of harvesting on population dynamics was not significant. A main cause of no reduction of the population was that the population used to determine the harvest number was underestimated. In addition, it was indicated that multi-management units need to manage the core areas because the high-density core areas were located across a few management units. This study highlights the difficulties involved with wide-area management of large herbivores and points out the importance of accurate stock assessment, reduction of the risk of management failure, and cooperation among management units. Our research is an important contribution to the study of the effects of large-scale harvesting in a large geographic area.

scholarly journals The influence of context-dependent maternal effects on population dynamics: an experimental test

2009 ◽  
Vol 364 (1520) ◽  
pp. 1049-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.J Plaistow ◽  
T.G Benton
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Density Dependence ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
High Density ◽  
Parental Effects ◽  
Low Density

Parental effects arise when either the maternal or paternal phenotype influences the phenotypes of subsequent generations. Simple analytical models assume maternal effects are a mechanism creating delayed density dependence. Such models predict that maternal effects can very easily lead to population cycles. Despite this, unambiguous maternal-effect mediated cycles have not been demonstrated in any system. Additionally, much evidence has arisen to invalidate the underlying assumption that there is a simple positive correlation between maternal performance and offspring performance. A key issue in understanding how maternal effects may affect population dynamics is determining how the expression of parental effects changes in different environments. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that maternal effects influence population dynamics in a context-dependent way. Populations of the soil mite, Sancassania berlesei , were set up at high density (500 eggs) or low density (50 eggs), with eggs that were either laid by young mothers or old mothers (a previously documented maternal effect in this system). The influence of maternal age on both population and egg and body-size dynamics was only observed in the populations initiated under low density rather than high density. This difference was attributable to the context-dependence of maternal effects at the individual level. In low-density (high food) conditions, maternal effects have an impact on offspring reproductive performance, creating an impact on the population growth rate. In high density (low food), maternal effects impact more on juvenile survival (not adult size or reproduction), creating a smaller impact on the population growth rate. This context dependence of effects at the population level means that, in fluctuating populations, maternal effects cause intermittent delayed density dependence that does not lead to persistent cycles.

Reading and the Social Environment

1983 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-135
Author(s):  
Louise Cherry Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
The Social

The Social Environment of Older, Unmarried Persons

1991 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-147
Author(s):  
Mollie B. Condra
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
The Social

Pelaksanaan Peraturan Pemerintah No. 9 Tahun 1975 dalam Perspektif Sosiologi dan Antropologi Hukum Islam

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muchimah MH
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Marriage Law ◽  
Anthropological Perspective ◽  
Government Regulations ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government

Government Regulation No. 9 of 1975 related to the implementation of marriage was made to support and maximize the implementation of Law No. 1 of 1974 which had not yet proceeded properly. This paper examines Government Regulations related to the implementation of marriage from the perspective of sociology and anthropology of Islamic law. Although the rules already exist, some people still carry out marriages without being registered. This is anthropologically the same as releasing the protection provided by the government to its people for the sake of a rule. In the sociology of Islamic law, protection is a benchmark for the assessment of society in the social environment. Therefore the purpose of this paper is to find out how the implementation of marriage according to PP. No. 9 of 1975 concerning the Marriage Law in the socio-anthropological perspective of Islamic Law.

The Specific Features of Public Relations Maintained by Libraries, Acting as Cultural Institutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
Radosław Molenda
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Significant Question

Showing the specificity of the work of the contemporary library, and the variety of its tasks, which go far beyond the lending of books. The specificity of the library’s public relations concerning different aspects of its activity. The internal and external functions of the library’s public relations and their specificity. The significant question of motivating the social environment to use the offer of libraries, and simulta-neously the need to change the negative perception of the library, which discourages part of its poten-tial users from taking advantage of its services. The negative stereotypes of librarians’ work perpetuated in the public consciousness and their harmful character. The need to change the public relations of libra-ries and librarians with a view to improving the realization of the tasks they face. Showing the public relations tools which may serve to change the image of librarians and libraries with particular emphasis on social media. This article is a review article, highlighting selected research on the librarian’s stereo-type and suggesting actions that change the image of librarians and libraries.

The social wasp Vespula germanica (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) population dynamics in England over 39 years.

2018 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
Michael Archer
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Dynamic ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Social Wasp ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Vespula Germanica ◽  
The Social ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Suction Traps

1. Yearly records of worker Vespula germanica (Fabricius) taken in suction traps at Silwood Park (28 years) and at Rothamsted Research (39 years) are examined. 2. Using the autocorrelation function (ACF), a significant negative 1-year lag followed by a lesser non-significant positive 2-year lag was found in all, or parts of, each data set, indicating an underlying population dynamic of a 2-year cycle with a damped waveform. 3. The minimum number of years before the 2-year cycle with damped waveform was shown varied between 17 and 26, or was not found in some data sets. 4. Ecological factors delaying or preventing the occurrence of the 2-year cycle are considered.

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