scholarly journals Malarial Infection in HIV Infected Pregnant Women Attending a Rural Antenatal Clinic in Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Houmsou ◽  
B. E. Wama ◽  
S. O. Elkanah ◽  
L. C. Garba ◽  
T. D. Hile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Haemoglobin Level ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Severe Anaemia ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Malarial Infection ◽  
Sub Saharan

Malaria still remains a challenging infection affecting the lives of several HIV infected pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa. This study was undertaken to determine malarial infection in HIV infected pregnant women in relation to sociodemographic and obstetrical factors. The study also assessed relationship between malarial infection and haemoglobin level, CD4+ counts, and ART regimen, as well as predisposing risk factors that influenced occurrence of malarial infection in the women. Thick and thin blood smears were prepared and stained with Giemsa. Haemoglobin level was determined using a hematology analyzer, while the flow cytometry was used to measure CD4+ counts. Sociodemographic and obstetrical parameters were obtained through the administration of questionnaires. Of the 159 HIV infected pregnant women examined, 33.3% (59/159) had malarial infection. Malarial infection was significantly higher in pregnant women who were divorced, 40.24% (33/82) (χ2=5.72; P=0.05), were at their first trimester (4–12 weeks), 54.8% (17/31) (χ2=14.85; P=0.01), had CD4+ = [201–500 cells/μL], 42.42% (42/99) (χ2=10.13; P=0.00), and those that had severe anaemia (<8 dg/L), 100.00% (χ2= 45.75; P=0.00). However, risk factors that influenced the occurrence of malarial infection in the pregnant women were occupation (farming) (AOR=0.226; P=0.03), marital status (divorced) (AOR=2.80; P=0.02), gestation (first trimester) (AOR=0.33; P=0.00), haemoglobin level (Hb < 8 dg/L) (AOR=0.02; P=0.00), and CD4+ counts (low CD4+) (OR=0.40; P=0.05). The study reported endemicity of malaria in HIV infected pregnant women living in rural areas of Benue State, Nigeria. Malarial infection was higher in women that were divorced, and at their first trimester, had low CD4+ count, and had severe anaemia. Farming, divorce, gestation, severe anaemia, and low CD4+ counts were predisposing risk factors that influenced malaria occurrence in the HIV infected pregnant women. It is advocated that HIV infected pregnant women should be properly and thoroughly educated on malaria preventive measures in rural areas so as to avoid unpleasant effect of malaria during their pregnancies.

scholarly journals Bacterial Vaginosis and Risk Factors in Pregnant Women in Senegal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Bonneton ◽  
Bich-Tram Huynh ◽  
Abdoulaye Seck ◽  
Raymond Bercion ◽  
Fatoumata Diene Sarr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Vaginal Flora ◽  
Obstetric Outcomes ◽  
Vaginal Smear ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is associated with a higher risk of preterm delivery and spontaneous abortion. Yet little data on BV prevalence exist for sub-Saharan countries. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and associated risk factors among pregnant women in Senegal.MethodsFrom October 2013 to December 2018, pregnant women in their third trimester were recruited in two primary health centers (one suburban, one rural) in Senegal. Healthcare workers interviewed women and collected a lower vaginal swab and a blood sample. Vaginal flora were classified into four categories using vaginal smear microscopic examination and Gram’s coloration. In our study, BV was defined as vaginal flora with no Lactobacillus spp. Variables associated with BV were analyzed using STATA® through univariate and multivariate analysis.Results A total of 457 women provided a vaginal sample for analysis. Overall, BV prevalence was 18.6% (85/457) [95% CI: 15.4-22.6]) and was similar in suburban and rural areas (18.9 % versus 18.1%, p=0.843). Multivariate analysis showed that primigravidity was the only factor independently associated with a lower risk of BV (aOR=0.35 [95% CI 0.17-0.72]).Conclusions Our study showed significant BV prevalence among pregnant women in Senegal. Although the literature has underscored the potential consequences of BV for obstetric outcomes, data are scarce on BV prevalence in sub-Saharan African countries. Before authorities consider systematic BV screening for pregnant women, a larger study would be useful in documenting prevalence, risk factors and the impact of BV on pregnancy outcomes.

P6369Prevalence of severe hypertension in a sub-Saharan African community

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Gaye ◽  
A L Janeczek ◽  
X Jouven ◽  
D Luu ◽  
E Marijon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Severe Hypertension ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Target Organ Damage ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Global Health Initiative ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background Individuals with SH have high 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease, especially when additional risk factors or target organ damage are present. Though some data from in-hospital or selected populations are available, there are no studies reporting community-level prevalence of Severe Hypertension (SH) in sub-Saharan Africa. Purpose Using a cross-sectional design in Abidjan (Ivory Coast), we assessed prevalence of Severe Hypertension among adults. Methods Study participants were recruited within the framework of The Heart Fund's global health initiative. Data were collected in August 2016 from 6 randomly selected sites, ensuring representativeness of both urban and rural areas. Blood pressure (BP) was measured twice, 10 minutes apart, after optimal resting time. Blood pressure measurement were standardized between sites and SH was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥180 and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥110 mmHg at both readings. Demographics and data on cardiovascular history/risk factors were collected in the field. Ethics approval for the study was obtained from the National Ethical Committee of Côte d'Ivoire and written informed consent was obtained from all adult patients. Results Among 1,785 subjects examined, 1,182 aged between 18 and 75 years were included in this analysis. The prevalence of SH was 14.1% (12.5% females vs 17.0% males; P=0.03) (Figure). Among participants with severe hypertension, 28.9% were either undiagnosed or untreated. Alarmingly, subjects at high cardiovascular risk (age ≥60 years and/or obese) had even higher prevalence of overall SH (29.6% and 24.9%, respectively) as well as undiagnosed/untreated SH (29.4% and 24.6%). SH prevalence was almost double in urban compared to rural areas (17.0% vs. 9.2%, P=0.02); however, conversely, undiagnosed/untreated SH was significantly higher in rural areas (50.4% vs 21.9%). Compared to normal bodyweight, those who were overweight and obese had a 1.95-fold (95% CI, 1.30–2.93; P<0.001)and 4.24-fold (95% CI, 2.68–6.74; P<0.001)increased odds of SH (adjusting for age and sex), respectively. Similarly, participants ≥60 years had a 6.04-fold (95% CI, 3.93–9.36; P<0.001)increased risk of undiagnosed SH compared to under 50 years. Finally, men had higher odds of SH compared to women (OR 1.71, 95% CI, 1.19–2.47; P=0.004). Figure 1 Conclusion(s) Our community-based study revealed very high prevalence of SH among adults in Abidjan area, with almost one out of every seven having SH. This underscores SH as a growing public health problemin sub-Saharan Africa.More concerning, a significant (almost one third) proportion of them were either undiagnosed or untreated.

scholarly journals Syphilis sero-positivity among pregnant women attending public antenatal clinics: A five-year analysis from 15 public clinics in Gaborone, Botswana

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-94
Author(s):  
A. B. Ganiyu ◽  
L. Mason ◽  
L. H. Mabuza
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Venereal Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antenatal Clinics ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: The prevalence of syphilis in pregnancy varies across the globe and among different age groups within the same country. In sub-Saharan Africa, syphilis prevalence among pregnant women has been found to range from 2.5 to 18% among antenatal clinic attendees, with the highest prevalence in the age group 35–49 years. Also, it is higher in the rural than urban clinics.Objectives: To determine trends in syphilis prevalence using the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) and the Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) test among pregnant women attending the public antenatal clinics in Gaborone, Botswana (2004–2008).Study design: Cross-sectional study using routinely collected antenatal data.Results: The overall syphilis prevalence amongst pregnant women in Gaborone, Botswana decreased from 2.96% (95% CI, 2.55– 3.37) in 2004 to 1.15% (95% CI, 0.89–1.41) in 2008 (p 0.001). The age specific prevalence per total number of reactive VDRL/RPR was highest amongst pregnant women aged 26 to 30 years (p 0.001) and lowest for those aged 16 to 20 years (p 0.025) during the period 2004–2008. However, there were variations in syphilis prevalence rates within and between the clinics.Conclusion: Syphilis sero-positivity in pregnancy in Gaborone, Botswana has been declining for the last five years, but was more prevalent amongst pregnant women aged 26 to 30 years with the lowest prevalence among those aged 16 to 20 years during the period 2004 to 2008. This decline may be attributed to a number of factors and, in particular, the adoption of the syndromic approach for management of sexually transmitted infections in the country.

scholarly journals A case study of the first pregnant women with COVID-19 in Bukavu, Eastern DR Congo.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etienne KAJIBWAMI BIRINDWA ◽  
Guy MULINGANYA MULUMEODERHWA ◽  
Olivier NYAKIO ◽  
Guy-Quesney MATESO MBALE ◽  
Serge ZIGABE MUSHAMUKA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Dr Congo ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Introduction: Vertical transmission of covid-19 is possible; its risk factors are worth researching. The placental changes found in pregnant women have a definite impact on the foetus.Case presentation: We report a case of a 25-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 2 (2 alive children), with a history of two caesarean deliveries, who was infected by the SARS-Cov-2 during the last term of her pregnancy. She gave birth by caesarean after 34 weeks of gestation to a new-born baby also infected with SARS-Cov-2. The per-operative observations noted several eruptive lesions in the pelvis, bleeding on contact. Microscopic examination of the foetal appendages revealed thrombotic vasculopathy in the placenta and in the umbilical cord vessels.Conclusion: This case is one of the first documented cases of COVID-19 in pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa. We strongly suggest obstetricians to carefully examine the aspect of the peritoneum, viscera and foetal appendages in affected pregnant women.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Malaria in Pregnancy and Associated Risk Factors in Nigeria: a Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-72
Author(s):  
Chibuzo Christian Uba ◽  
Moses Nkechukwu Ikegbunam ◽  
Emmanuel Chigozie Udegbunam ◽  
Chioma Abana ◽  
Stephen Nnaemeka Ezekwueche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Malaria In Pregnancy ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
In Pregnancy

Each year, an estimated number of 300–500 million people are infected with malaria parasite, with an undesirable effect of over one million deaths. Pregnant women as well as young children, non-immune travellers visiting malaria-endemic zones are at the highest risk of suffering or experiencing life - threatening malaria infection. Maternal immunity, parasite density, parity, inadequate antenatal care services, drug misuse and abuse as well intermitted preventive treatment drug failure cum resistance are the most associated risk factors of malaria in pregnancy obtainable in endemic regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Identification and understanding of these factors will play a major role in reducing the burden as well as eliminating malaria disease among pregnant women living in endemic regions.

scholarly journals Sexually transmitted infections in pregnant women from sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bongekile Ngobese ◽  
Nathlee S. Abbai
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth Outcomes ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Stis And Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a major health problem in most countries of the world, particularly in developing countries where the resources and technology to diagnose and treat them are limited. Currently, there is limited data on STIs and risk factors for these infections in pregnant women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This review provides data on the prevalence and risk factors for STIs in pregnant women living with HIV from SSA. This review also describes the association between STIs and HIV on pregnancy and birth outcomes as well as highlights the importance of laboratory-based diagnosis of STIs.Method: An electronic search of online databases was used to find and collect relevant research articles connected to the prevalence, adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes, health complications and risk factors associated with STIs and HIV in pregnant women from SSA. The search was limited to articles published in English. Relevant studies were identified by searching literature from January 2001 to date. The search yielded 4709 results.Results: In SSA, STIs are highly prevalent in pregnant women and are widely known to be linked with an increased risk of poor maternal and neonatal outcomes. These infections are often asymptomatic and highly prevalent in pregnant women. The screening of STIs in pregnant women living with HIV can reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) and screening and treatment for STIs can also prevent adverse perinatal outcomes. It is important to recognise regional and national STI epidemics in order to promote STI prevention and control interventions considering the test and treat approach as opposed to syndromic management.Conclusion: This review highlights the need to use diagnostic screening methods instead of syndromic STI management in SSA. Moreover, more research into effective prevention and treatment measures for STIs in pregnant women is urgently required.

scholarly journals A case study of the first pregnant women with COVID-19 in Bukavu, Eastern DR Congo

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
ETIENNE KAJIBWAMI BIRINDWA ◽  
Guy MULINGANYA MULUMEODERHWA ◽  
Olivier NYAKIO ◽  
Guy Quesney MATESO MBALE ◽  
Serge ZIGABE MUSHAMUKA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Dr Congo ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Introduction: Vertical transmission of covid-19 is possible; its risk factors are worth researching. The placental changes found in pregnant women have a definite impact on the foetus.Case presentation: We report a case of a 25-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 2 (2 alive children), with a history of two caesarean deliveries, who was infected by the SARS-Cov-2 during the last term of her pregnancy. She gave birth by caesarean after 34 weeks of gestation to a new-born baby also infected with SARS-Cov-2. The per-operative observations noted several eruptive lesions in the pelvis, bleeding on contact. Microscopic examination of the foetal appendages revealed thrombotic vasculopathy in the placenta and in the umbilical cord vessels.Conclusion: This case is one of the first documented cases of COVID-19 in pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa. We strongly suggest obstetricians to carefully examine the aspect of the peritoneum, viscera and foetal appendages in affected pregnant women.

scholarly journals A case study of the first pregnant woman with COVID-19 in Bukavu, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Etienne Kajibwami Birindwa ◽  
Guy Mulinganya Mulumeoderhwa ◽  
Olivier Nyakio ◽  
Guy-Quesney Mateso Mbale ◽  
Serge Zigabe Mushamuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Introduction Vertical transmission of covid-19 is possible; its risk factors are worth researching. The placental changes found in pregnant women have a definite impact on the foetus. Case presentation We report a case of a 25-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 2 (2 alive children), with a history of two caesarean deliveries, who was infected by the SARS-CoV-2 during the last term of her pregnancy. She gave birth by caesarean at 34 weeks of gestation to a newborn baby also infected with SARS-CoV-2. The peri-operative observations noted several eruptive lesions in the pelvis, bleeding on contact. Microscopic examination of the foetal appendages revealed thrombotic vasculopathy in the placenta and in the umbilical cord vessels. Conclusion This case is one of the first documented cases of COVID-19 in pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa. We strongly suggest obstetricians to carefully examine the aspect of the peritoneum, viscera and foetal appendages in affected pregnant women.

Prevalence and associated risk factors of malaria infection among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Yola North, Adamawa State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
N. Enock ◽  
S.M. Pukuma ◽  
L.M. Augustine ◽  
L.B. Gundiri ◽  
N.M. Zamdayu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

This study determined the prevalence and associated risk factors of malaria infection among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Yola North, Adamawa State, Nigeria, between December 2017 and April 2018. Both direct microscopy and rapid diagnostic test were employed in this study to establish infection. Structured questionnaires were used to collect information from the participants. The study showed that 63 pregnant women were positive for malaria infection out of the 270 sampled. Overall malaria prevalence of 23.3% was recorded during this study. There was no significant association between malaria infection and the clinics sampled (p>0.05). Results have shown that the prevalence was relatively low, and this could be attributed to low transmission rate of malaria during dry season in Adamawa State. In relation to parity, prevalence of malaria were; primigravidae (21.6%), secundravidae (20.0%) and multigravidae (26.7%). Similarly, in relation to gestational age prevalence was first trimester (27.9%), second trimester (25.0%) and thirdtrimester (20.0%). There were no significant associations between malaria infection, parity and gestational age (p>0.05). The age-group 38 ≥ years had highest prevalence while 15-23 years had least. There was no significant association between malaria infection, educational level and occupation (p>0.05). Relating to the participants occupation, prevalence of malaria was reported as 30.0, 22.9 and 23.5% for civil servants, unemployed and business respectively. It is therefore recommended that early attendance and utilization of focused antenatal care services by all pregnant women will reduce the risk of malaria in pregnancy. Keywords: Risk factors; malaria; pregnant women; antenatal; Yola North.

Seroprevalence And Risk Factors of Specific Toxoplasma Gondii Antibody among Pregnant Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-139
Author(s):  
Ahmed J. Ahmed ◽  
Bayar K. Zeebaree ◽  
Ramadhan A. Khanamir
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibody

Toxoplasmosis during pregnancy has an adverse effect on pregnant women, fetus and neonatal. The infection is generally asymptomatic but can cause severe effect on the fetus and immunocompromised women. Control study conducted on 77 pregnant women categorized according to the risk factors influencing toxoplasmosis infection. Specific anti Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM were evaluated using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test kits. Among 77 pregnant women, (57.1%) women had toxoplasmosis, seropositive for latent infection with specific Toxoplasma gondii immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were (54.54 %), whereas acute infection immunoglobulin M (IgM) were only in (2.59 %) cases. The seroprevalence of Toxoplasma was higher in older pregnant women (> 60%) than younger ones (<50%). The specific IgG antibody was higher in pregnant women working in farms (65.7 vs 45.23; P=0.053). Also, the seropositive IgG antibody was low in the first trimester and high in rural areas. Pregnant women need to educate more about toxoplasmosis and prevention to exposure in order to reduce the risk of congenital toxoplasmosis.

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