Prevalence and associated risk factors of malaria infection among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Yola North, Adamawa State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
N. Enock ◽  
S.M. Pukuma ◽  
L.M. Augustine ◽  
L.B. Gundiri ◽  
N.M. Zamdayu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

This study determined the prevalence and associated risk factors of malaria infection among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Yola North, Adamawa State, Nigeria, between December 2017 and April 2018. Both direct microscopy and rapid diagnostic test were employed in this study to establish infection. Structured questionnaires were used to collect information from the participants. The study showed that 63 pregnant women were positive for malaria infection out of the 270 sampled. Overall malaria prevalence of 23.3% was recorded during this study. There was no significant association between malaria infection and the clinics sampled (p>0.05). Results have shown that the prevalence was relatively low, and this could be attributed to low transmission rate of malaria during dry season in Adamawa State. In relation to parity, prevalence of malaria were; primigravidae (21.6%), secundravidae (20.0%) and multigravidae (26.7%). Similarly, in relation to gestational age prevalence was first trimester (27.9%), second trimester (25.0%) and thirdtrimester (20.0%). There were no significant associations between malaria infection, parity and gestational age (p>0.05). The age-group 38 ≥ years had highest prevalence while 15-23 years had least. There was no significant association between malaria infection, educational level and occupation (p>0.05). Relating to the participants occupation, prevalence of malaria was reported as 30.0, 22.9 and 23.5% for civil servants, unemployed and business respectively. It is therefore recommended that early attendance and utilization of focused antenatal care services by all pregnant women will reduce the risk of malaria in pregnancy. Keywords: Risk factors; malaria; pregnant women; antenatal; Yola North.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Predictors of Vitamin D Deficiency and Insufficiency among Pregnant Rural Women in Bangladesh

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 449
Author(s):  
Faruk Ahmed ◽  
Hossein Khosravi-Boroujeni ◽  
Moududur Rahman Khan ◽  
Anjan Kumar Roy ◽  
Rubhana Raqib
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Vitamin D Insufficiency ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Although adequate vitamin D status during pregnancy is essential for maternal health and to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes, limited data exist on vitamin D status and associated risk factors in pregnant rural Bangladeshi women. This study determined the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency, and identified associated risk factors, among these women. A total of 515 pregnant women from rural Bangladesh, gestational age ≤ 20 weeks, participated in this cross-sectional study. A separate logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the risk factors of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency. Overall, 17.3% of the pregnant women had vitamin D deficiency [serum 25(OH)D concentration <30.0 nmol/L], and 47.2% had vitamin D insufficiency [serum 25(OH)D concentration between 30–<50 nmol/L]. The risk of vitamin D insufficiency was significantly higher among nulliparous pregnant women (OR: 2.72; 95% CI: 1.75–4.23), those in their first trimester (OR: 2.68; 95% CI: 1.39–5.19), anaemic women (OR: 1.53; 95% CI: 0.99–2.35; p = 0.056) and women whose husbands are farmers (OR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.22–3.50). The risk of vitamin deficiency was significantly higher among younger pregnant women (<25 years; OR: 2.12; 95% CI: 1.06–4.21), nulliparous women (OR: 2.65; 95% CI: 1.34–5.25), women in their first trimester (OR: 2.55; 95% CI: 1.12–5.79) and those with sub-optimal vitamin A status (OR: 2.30; 95% CI: 1.28–4.11). In conclusion, hypovitaminosis D is highly prevalent among pregnant rural Bangladeshi women. Parity and gestational age are the common risk factors of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency. A husband’s occupation and anaemia status might be important predictors of vitamin D insufficiency, while younger age and sub-optimal vitamin A status are risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in this population.

scholarly journals Malarial Infection in HIV Infected Pregnant Women Attending a Rural Antenatal Clinic in Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Houmsou ◽  
B. E. Wama ◽  
S. O. Elkanah ◽  
L. C. Garba ◽  
T. D. Hile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Haemoglobin Level ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Severe Anaemia ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Malarial Infection ◽  
Sub Saharan

Malaria still remains a challenging infection affecting the lives of several HIV infected pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa. This study was undertaken to determine malarial infection in HIV infected pregnant women in relation to sociodemographic and obstetrical factors. The study also assessed relationship between malarial infection and haemoglobin level, CD4+ counts, and ART regimen, as well as predisposing risk factors that influenced occurrence of malarial infection in the women. Thick and thin blood smears were prepared and stained with Giemsa. Haemoglobin level was determined using a hematology analyzer, while the flow cytometry was used to measure CD4+ counts. Sociodemographic and obstetrical parameters were obtained through the administration of questionnaires. Of the 159 HIV infected pregnant women examined, 33.3% (59/159) had malarial infection. Malarial infection was significantly higher in pregnant women who were divorced, 40.24% (33/82) (χ2=5.72; P=0.05), were at their first trimester (4–12 weeks), 54.8% (17/31) (χ2=14.85; P=0.01), had CD4+ = [201–500 cells/μL], 42.42% (42/99) (χ2=10.13; P=0.00), and those that had severe anaemia (<8 dg/L), 100.00% (χ2= 45.75; P=0.00). However, risk factors that influenced the occurrence of malarial infection in the pregnant women were occupation (farming) (AOR=0.226; P=0.03), marital status (divorced) (AOR=2.80; P=0.02), gestation (first trimester) (AOR=0.33; P=0.00), haemoglobin level (Hb < 8 dg/L) (AOR=0.02; P=0.00), and CD4+ counts (low CD4+) (OR=0.40; P=0.05). The study reported endemicity of malaria in HIV infected pregnant women living in rural areas of Benue State, Nigeria. Malarial infection was higher in women that were divorced, and at their first trimester, had low CD4+ count, and had severe anaemia. Farming, divorce, gestation, severe anaemia, and low CD4+ counts were predisposing risk factors that influenced malaria occurrence in the HIV infected pregnant women. It is advocated that HIV infected pregnant women should be properly and thoroughly educated on malaria preventive measures in rural areas so as to avoid unpleasant effect of malaria during their pregnancies.

scholarly journals Prevalence and factors associated with late antenatal care visit among pregnant women in Lushoto, Tanzania

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flora Njiku ◽  
Herman Wella ◽  
Adellah Sariah ◽  
Joyce Protas
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Care Services

Background: Adequate utilization of antenatal health care services is associated with improved maternal and neonatal health outcomes. The World Health Organization recommends pregnant women to attend antenatal care services as early as in the first trimester. However, many women due to various reasons fail to meet the recommendations. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with late antenatal booking among pregnant women in Lushoto district of north-eastern Tanzania.Methods: This hospital based cross sectional study involved pregnant women and was conducted in August-September 2015. A standardized questionnaire was used to obtain participants demographic characteristics and obstetrics history. Data analysis was done using (SPSS) and relationship between outcome variables and exposure variable was done using Chi-square test. Multivariate logistic regression was used to measure the association.Results: A total of 240 participants were involved in the study.  Out of these, 169 (70.4%) participants booked late for antenatal care (ANC) services. Delayed booking was mainly associated with not being married (AOR=3.08; 95%CI 1.149-8.275; P value=0.025) and unemployment (AOR=4.28; 95% CI 2.11-8.679; p-value=0.000)Conclusion:  Late first antenatal clinic visit was high in Lushoto, and was highly associated with unmarried and unemployment status. Therefore, provision of continuous health education and community sensitization on the importance of timely seeking ANC services should be strengthened.

scholarly journals Prevalence and intensity of malaria infection and associated risk factors in Anambra State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 030-045
Author(s):  
Anaebonam Emeka ◽  
Eze Chinwe Catherine ◽  
Okeke Chimaobi Emenike ◽  
Nweze Kenneth Emeka ◽  
Okemadu Chimaobi Okemadu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

The present study aimed at understanding the dynamics of malaria infection in Anambra State, Nigeria using socio-demographic risk factors, haematological and biochemical profile as well as knowledge, attitude and practice of respondents towards control of both infections. Participants were recruited using a systematic random sampling technique and a total of 2,550 subjects were enrolled for the study. The prevalence of malaria was determined using gold-standard – microscopy. The results revealed that 1,891 (72.4%) out of the total subjects studied were malaria positive. The highest prevalence of malaria was recorded in Anambra North senatorial zone (75.0%). Females presented with a higher rate of malaria infection with 77.9% prevalence than males with 70.0%. Individuals who are 31 - 40 years old had the highest malaria prevalence of 93.4%. Traders and farmers had the highest malaria prevalence of 83.4%. Participants with non-formal education had the highest malaria prevalence of 83.0%. The prevalence of haematological and biochemical abnormalities were obtained from those infected with malaria only and were as followed: PCV 7.0%, WBC 94.0%, neutrophil 47.9%, lymphocyte 33.7%, eosinophil 56.6%, monocyte 58.1%, platelets 44.2%, AST 23.1%, ALT 31.7%, ALP 26.6%, glucose 37.8%, protein 23.3%, nitrite 14.7% and bilirubin 16.7%. The highest drug of choice of the respondents was artemisinin combined therapy (ACT) (55.8%). The four most important herbal remedies were: Azadiracta indica (71.7%), Moringa oleifera (45.0%), Allium sativum (44.0%) and Zingibe officinale (40.0%). The results highlight the need to prioritize educating the populace in future public health campaigns to increase knowledge and reduce misperception.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Malaria in Pregnancy and Associated Risk Factors in Nigeria: a Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-72
Author(s):  
Chibuzo Christian Uba ◽  
Moses Nkechukwu Ikegbunam ◽  
Emmanuel Chigozie Udegbunam ◽  
Chioma Abana ◽  
Stephen Nnaemeka Ezekwueche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Malaria In Pregnancy ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
In Pregnancy

Each year, an estimated number of 300–500 million people are infected with malaria parasite, with an undesirable effect of over one million deaths. Pregnant women as well as young children, non-immune travellers visiting malaria-endemic zones are at the highest risk of suffering or experiencing life - threatening malaria infection. Maternal immunity, parasite density, parity, inadequate antenatal care services, drug misuse and abuse as well intermitted preventive treatment drug failure cum resistance are the most associated risk factors of malaria in pregnancy obtainable in endemic regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Identification and understanding of these factors will play a major role in reducing the burden as well as eliminating malaria disease among pregnant women living in endemic regions.

Urban malaria prevalence and its associated risk factors: the case of Batu town, East Shoa, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jifar Hassen ◽  
Hunduma Dinka
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Urban Malaria ◽  
Stagnant Water ◽  
Regional State ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background- Malaria is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality particularly in sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia. Approximately, 68% of its population is at a risk of malaria infection and nearly three-fourth of the Ethiopia landmass is considered as malarious. Most of the malaria related researches are being conducted in the rural areas; however, urban malaria should be also targeted without which malaria elimination is impossible. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of malaria, prevalence of P. falciparum and P. vivax and its associated risk factors during low transmission season (April to July, 2018) in Batu town, East Shoa, Oromia Regional state, Ethiopia.Methods – Finger pricked blood samples were collected from 356 febrile individuals visiting health facilities in Batu town from April to July, 2018 supplemented with questionnaire survey to assess socio-demographic and risk factors associated with malaria infection.Results – In the current study an overall prevalence of 17.13% (61/356) malaria infection was observed of which 50.8% (31/61) were positive for P. vivax, 45.95% (28/61) were positive for P. falciparum and 3.3% (2/61) were mixed infections of P. falciparum and P. vivax. Male individuals (32 (9%)) were more infected with malaria than females (29 (8.2%)). Sex had no statistical significance association with malaria (χ2 = 2.026, P = 0.156). Logistic regression analysis revealed that individuals who possessed ITN (OR = 0.38, 95% CI (0.194, 0.743) and P = 0.005) and whose houses were sprayed with insecticides (OR = 0.18, 95% CI (0.097, 0.34) and P < 0.001) were found less likely to get malaria infection. Individuals living closer to stagnant water had more chance (almost three-fold times) of malaria infection than those who were found at a distant from stagnant water (OR= 2.97, 95% CI (1.68, 5.26) and P < 0.001).Conclusion- The current study revealed that malaria is still public health problem in Batu town, which might indicate the same in other urban areas of the country. Therefore, in order to get the national picture about the prevalence of urban malaria and its associated risk factors, we recommend large scale investigation of the situation.

Factors associated with the delay in seeking first antenatal care service among pregnant women at Katutura state hospital, Khomas region

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nghitanwa Emma Maano ◽  
Shanyengange Tuwilika. N.
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
State Hospital ◽  
Care Service ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Care Services ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors associated with the delay in seeking first antenatal care (ANC) service among pregnant women at Katutura state hospital, Khomas region. A qualitative, explorative and descriptive design was used to gain the data from pregnant women started first antenatal care later than twelve weeks of gestation.Data was collected through in-depth interview among pregnant women during their first visit at Katutura state hospital antenatal clinic, Khomas region. The data analysis was done in line with thematic analysis and themes and sub-themes were identified.The study findings concluded that most pregnant women attend their first ANC later than twelve weeks gestation because of work commitment, long distance to health facilities, and lack of knowledge about the important of starting ANC in first trimester of pregnancy.The study recommends the establishment and implementation of a community based health education programs about the antenatal care services in order to create awareness and knowledge in the community about the importance of starting antenatal care services during the first trimester of pregnancy.

scholarly journals Anxiety and depression in pregnancy: prevalence and associated risk factors among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muktar Ahmed Gadanya ◽  
Aisha Aliyu Abulfathi ◽  
Fatima Adam Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Pathological State ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Depression In Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

Pregnancy is not considered as a pathological state, however pregnancy heightens the vulnerability to emotional and psychological condition such as anxiety and depression. Untreated depression and anxiety during pregnancy may have negative effects on both the mother and the fetus. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and associated risk factors of anxiety and depression during pregnancy. Cross sectional descriptive study using systematic sampling technique was used to collect data among 297 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire, Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI 6.0). About one-third of the respondents were in the age group 20- 25 years. The prevalence of anxiety and depression during pregnancy were found to be 23.2% and 26.6% respectively. Risk factors that were significantly associated with anxiety during pregnancy were co-morbid depression during pregnancy (P=0.01), and partner abuse (P=0.04), with 37.5% anxious among those abused compared to 21.5% among those not abused. Risk factors associated with depression during pregnancy were co-existing medical condition (P=0.04) with 45.7% of respondents with coexisting medical condition found to be depressed compared to 24.0% without co-existing medical condition. Anxiety and depression in pregnancy were found to be prevalent among the study subjects. Measures to detect anxiety and depression during pregnancy especially in those with risk factors should be introduced during routine antenatal care.

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