scholarly journals A Review of Removal of Pollutants from Water/Wastewater Using Different Types of Nanomaterials

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Amin ◽  
A. A. Alazba ◽  
U. Manzoor
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Water Industry ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Droughts And Floods ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Purification Unit ◽  
Inorganic Solutes ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Complex Organic

The rapidly increasing population, depleting water resources, and climate change resulting in prolonged droughts and floods have rendered drinking water a competitive resource in many parts of the world. The development of cost-effective and stable materials and methods for providing the fresh water in adequate amounts is the need of the water industry. Traditional water/wastewater treatment technologies remain ineffective for providing adequate safe water due to increasing demand of water coupled with stringent health guidelines and emerging contaminants. Nanotechnology-based multifunctional and highly efficient processes are providing affordable solutions to water/wastewater treatments that do not rely on large infrastructures or centralized systems. The aim of the present study is to review the possible applications of the nanoparticles/fibers for the removal of pollutants from water/wastewater. The paper will briefly overview the availability and practice of different nanomaterials (particles or fibers) for removal of viruses, inorganic solutes, heavy metals, metal ions, complex organic compounds, natural organic matter, nitrate, and other pollutants present in surface water, ground water, and/or industrial water. Finally, recommendations are made based on the current practices of nanotechnology applications in water industry for a stand-alone water purification unit for removing all types of contaminants from wastewater.

scholarly journals Potential Use of Constructed Wetland Systems for Rural Sanitation and Wastewater Reuse in Agriculture in the Moroccan Context

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Meryem Hdidou ◽  
Mohamed Chaker Necibi ◽  
Jérôme Labille ◽  
Souad El Hajjaji ◽  
Driss Dhiba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Different Types

Located in a semi-arid to arid region, Morocco is confronting increasing water scarcity challenges. In the circular economy paradigm, the reuse of treated wastewater in agriculture is currently considered a possible solution to mitigate water shortage and pollution problems. In recent years, Morocco has made significative progress in urban wastewater treatment under the National Wastewater Program (PNA). However, rural sanitation has undergone significant delays. Therefore, an alternative technology for wastewater treatment and reuse in rural areas is investigated in this review, considering the region’s economic, social, and regulatory characteristics. Constructed wetlands (CWs) are a simple, sustainable, and cost-effective technology that has yet to be fully explored in Morocco. CWs, indeed, appear to be suitable for the treatment and reuse of wastewater in remote rural areas if they can produce effluent that meets the standards of agricultural irrigation. In this review, 29 studies covering 16 countries and different types of wastewater were collected and studied to assess the treatment efficiency of different types of CWs under different design and operational parameters, as well as their potential application in agricultural reuse. The results demonstrated that the removal efficiency of conventional contamination such as organic matter and suspended solids is generally high. CWs also demonstrated a remarkable capacity to remove heavy metals and emerging contaminants such as pharmaceuticals, care products, etc. The removal of microbial contamination, on the other hand, is challenging, and does not satisfy the standards all the time. However, it can be improved using hybrid constructed wetlands or by adding polishing treatment. In addition, several studies reported that CWs managed to produce effluent that met the requirements of wastewater reuse in agriculture of different countries or organisations including Morocco.

The CSF p-tau181/Aβ42 Ratio Offers a Good Accuracy “In Vivo” in the Differential Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Dementia

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 587-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Santangelo ◽  
Alessandro Dell'Edera ◽  
Arianna Sala ◽  
Giordano Cecchetti ◽  
Federico Masserini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Daily Clinical Practice ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
Csf Findings

Background: The incoming disease-modifying therapies against Alzheimer’s disease (AD) require reliable diagnostic markers to correctly enroll patients all over the world. CSF AD biomarkers, namely amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42), total tau (t-tau), and tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (p-tau181), showed good diagnostic accuracy in detecting AD pathology, but their real usefulness in daily clinical practice is still a matter of debate. Therefore, further validation in complex clinical settings, that is patients with different types of dementia, is needed to uphold their future worldwide adoption. Methods: We measured CSF AD biomarkers’ concentrations in a sample of 526 patients with a clinical diagnosis of dementia (277 with AD and 249 with Other Type of Dementia, OTD). Brain FDG-PET was also considered in a subsample of 54 patients with a mismatch between the clinical diagnosis and the CSF findings. Results: A p-tau181/Aβ42 ratio higher than 0.13 showed the best diagnostic performance in differentiating AD from OTD (86% accuracy index, 74% sensitivity, 81% specificity). In cases with a mismatch between clinical diagnosis and CSF findings, brain FDG-PET partially agreed with the p-tau181/Aβ42 ratio, thus determining an increase in CSF accuracy. Conclusions: The p-tau181/Aβ42 ratio alone might reliably detect AD pathology in heterogeneous samples of patients suffering from different types of dementia. It might constitute a simple, cost-effective and reproducible in vivo proxy of AD suitable to be adopted worldwide not only in daily clinical practice but also in future experimental trials, to avoid the enrolment of misdiagnosed AD patients.

In-system Overflow Treatment Technologies Offer Cost-Effective Opportunities to Protect Water Quality

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
J Fitzpatrick ◽  
S Eisner ◽  
S Goris ◽  
J Hutchins ◽  
C O’Bryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Treatment Technologies

scholarly journals Catalytic activity of metals in heterogeneous Fenton-like oxidation of wastewater contaminants: a review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajid Hussain ◽  
Eleonora Aneggi ◽  
Daniele Goi
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Metal Oxidation ◽  
Heterogeneous Fenton ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Copper Manganese ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Metallic Catalyst

AbstractInnovations in water technology are needed to solve challenges of climate change, resource shortages, emerging contaminants, urbanization, sustainable development and demographic changes. In particular, conventional techniques of wastewater treatment are limited by the presence of poorly biodegradable organic matter. Alternatively, recent Fenton, Fenton-like and hybrid processes appear successful for cleaning of different types of liquid wastewaters. Here, we review the application of metallic catalyst-H2O2 systems in the heterogeneous Fenton process. Each metallic catalyst-H2O2 system has unique redox properties due to metal oxidation state. Solution pH is a major influencing factor. Catalysts made of iron and cerium form stable complexes with oxidation products and H2O2, thus resulting in reduced activities. Copper forms transitory complexes with oxidation products, but copper catalytic activity is restored during the reaction. Silver and manganese do not form complexes. The catalyst performance for degradation and mineralization decreases in the order: manganese, copper, iron, silver, cerium, yet the easiness of practical application decreases in the order: copper, manganese, iron, silver, cerium.

Current advances in treatment technologies for removal of emerging contaminants from water – A critical review

2021 ◽  
Vol 442 ◽  
pp. 213993
Author(s):  
Muhammad Kashif Shahid ◽  
Ayesha Kashif ◽  
Ahmed Fuwad ◽  
Younggyun Choi
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Treatment Technologies

Autocorrelation Phase Measurement of Spread Spectrum Signal for High Precision Indoor Microwave Positioning

2015 ◽  
Vol 734 ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Wen Yang Cai ◽  
Gao Yong Luo
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Spread Spectrum ◽  
Phase Measurement ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Indoor Positioning ◽  
60 Ghz ◽  
Positioning Method ◽  
Increasing Demand

The increasing demand for high precision indoor positioning in many public services has urged research to implement cost-effective systems for a rising number of applications. However, current systems with either short-range positioning technology based on wireless local area networks (WLAN) and ZigBee achieving meter-level accuracy, or ultra-wide band (UWB) and 60 GHz communication technology achieving high precision but with high cost required, could not meet the need of indoor wireless positioning. This paper presents a new method of high precision indoor positioning by autocorrelation phase measurement of spread spectrum signal utilizing carrier frequency lower than 1 GHz, thereby decreasing power emission and hardware cost. The phase measurement is more sensitive to the distance of microwave transmission than timing, thus achieving higher positioning accuracy. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed positioning method can achieve high precision of less than 1 centimeter decreasing when various noise and interference added.

Synchronous Luminescence Spectroscopy: Methodology and Applicability

1982 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 576-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuan Vo-Dinh
Keyword(s):  
Direct Determination ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Luminescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Second Derivative ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Complex Samples ◽  
Figures Of Merit ◽  
Synchronous Luminescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Complex Organic

This paper discusses the figures of merit associated with the synchronous luminescence (SL) technique in multicomponent analysis of complex samples. Spectral interferences and experimental factors that influence the choice of experimental conditions are investigated. The efficacy of SL is demonstrated in the direct determination of anthracene and 2-methylanthracene in a raw coal liquid. The application of the second-derivative technique to the SL measurement of organic samples is shown. Special emphasis is directed toward the applicability of the SL technique as a practical and cost-effective screening procedure in the routine analysis of complex organic samples.

scholarly journals The HTS Cable Under Fault Conditions in a Power System

10.29007/13mm ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarun Patel ◽  
Anuradha Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Fault Current ◽  
Power System Protection ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
System Protection ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
The Impact

In today’s world electric power demand is increase steadily. In order to meet this increasing demand superconducting cable can be use instead of conventional AC cable in the power system. The Superconducting cable has some different characteristic than conventional AC cable. If this cable is installed in the power system, then there are some effects introduced on the fault current level. These effects on the fault current level can further have an impact on the power system protection. So there is a need to analyze the impact of a superconducting cable on power system protection and determine its impedance under a fault condition. This paper presents the impacts of the fault current level on a superconducting cable under fault condition in power system. Different types of fault are present in this paper like LG fault, LL fault, LLG fault, LLL fault.

scholarly journals A Review on Synthesis and Characterization of Biomass-Derived Carbons for Adsorption of Emerging Contaminants from Water

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Bedia ◽  
Manuel Peñas-Garzón ◽  
Almudena Goméz-Avilés ◽  
Juan José Rodríguez ◽  
Carolina Belver
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Adsorption Processes

This review analyzes the synthesis and characterization of biomass-derived carbons for adsorption of emerging contaminants from water. The study begins with the definition and different types of emerging contaminants more often founded in water streams and the different technologies available for their removal including adsorption. It also describes the biomass sources that could be used for the synthesis of biochars and activated carbons. The characterization of the adsorbents and the different approaches that could be employed for the study of the adsorption processes are also detailed. Finally, the work reviews in detail some studies of the literature focused on the adsorption of emerging contaminants on biochars and activated carbons synthesized from biomass precursors.

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