Appearance of L90I and N205S Mutations in Effector Domain of NS1 Gene of pdm (09) H1N1 Virus from India during 2009–2013

In the present study, full length sequencing of NS gene was done in 91 samples which were obtained from patients over the time period of five years from 2009 to 2013. The sequencing of NS gene was undertaken in order to determine the changes/mutations taking place in the NS gene of A H1N1 pdm (09) since its emergence in 2009. Analysis has shown that the majority of samples belong to New York (G1 type) strain with valine at position 123. Effector domain of NS1 protein displays the appearance of three mutations L90I, I123V, and N205S in almost all the samples from 2010 onwards. Phylogenetic analysis of available NS1 sequences from India has grouped all the sequences into four clusters with mean genetic distance ranging from 12% to 24% between the clusters. Variability in length of NS1 protein was seen in sequences from these clusters, 230-amino-acid-residue NS1 for all strains from year 2007 to 2008 and for 21 strains from year 2009 and 219-residue products for 37 strains from year 2009 and all strains from year 2010 to 2013. Mutations like K62R, K131Q, L147R, and A202P were observed for the first time in NS1 protein and their function remains to be determined.

Download Full-text

Reviewing the Reviewers: (Re)Translations and the Literary Press

Vertimo studijos ◽

10.15388/vertstud.2020.8 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 128-140

Author(s):

Mary Wardle

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

English Language ◽

Academic Discipline ◽

Diachronic Change ◽

Time Period ◽

York Review ◽

Text Types ◽

First Time ◽

International English

Within the wider context of (re)translation and reception, this paper outlines a model for assessing how literary review publications address (re)translated works and whether there has been any discernable evolution in their approach over the period during which Translation Studies has emerged and consolidated itself as an academic discipline: the corpus comprises all issues over three separate years (1980, 2000 and 2018) of two international, English-language literary reviews (The New York Review of Books and London Review of Books). The analysis covers all reviews of works of literature translated from any language into English, both for the first time and retranslations, assessing whether there is any observable diachronic change over the time period in question. Although the scope of the material under inspection is limited, this study outlines the methodology developed for analyzing the manner in which reviews address translated texts and, more specifically, retranslations: this methodology, which involves classifying the corpus according to a taxonomy of features typical of the genre, is applicable to wider investigations across different languages, text types, time spans, platforms. Issues examined include how the reviewers assess the quality of the (re)translations; how texts are quoted; the significance of paratextual elements; the figure of the reviewer; whether retranslation is highlighted and/or reviewed differently to first translations. Future applications of the model are also considered.

Download Full-text

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF YAMUNA RIVER AT GOKUL BARRAGE, MATHURA (UP) INDIA

FLORA AND FAUNA ◽

10.33451/florafauna.v23i2pp359-362 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

Author(s):

AJAY KUMAR RAJAWAT ◽

PRAVEEN KUMAR

Keyword(s):

Water Samples ◽

Suspended Solids ◽

Total Dissolved Solids ◽

Tolerance Limit ◽

Chemical Condition ◽

Yamuna River ◽

Dissolved Solids ◽

Time Period ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Almost All

An attempt has been made to study the Physico-chemical condition of water of Yamuna River at Gokul Barrage, Mathura, (UP). The time period of study was July 2015 to June 2016. Three water samples were selected from different sites in each month for study. The parameters studied were Temperature, Turbidity, pH, DO, BOD, COD, Total Dissolved Solids and Suspended Solids. Almost all the parameters were found above the tolerance limit.

Download Full-text

Effectiveness of Face Masks in Reducing the Spread of COVID-19: A Model-Based Analysis

Medical Decision Making ◽

10.1177/0272989x211019029 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0272989X2110190

Author(s):

Isabelle J. Rao ◽

Jacqueline J. Vallon ◽

Margaret L. Brandeau

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Infected Individual ◽

Disease Model ◽

World Health ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Reproductive Number ◽

Social Distancing ◽

Health Organization ◽

Almost All ◽

Mask Effectiveness

Background The World Health Organization and US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend that both infected and susceptible people wear face masks to protect against COVID-19. Methods We develop a dynamic disease model to assess the effectiveness of face masks in reducing the spread of COVID-19, during an initial outbreak and a later resurgence, as a function of mask effectiveness, coverage, intervention timing, and time horizon. We instantiate the model for the COVID-19 outbreak in New York, with sensitivity analyses on key natural history parameters. Results During the initial epidemic outbreak, with no social distancing, only 100% coverage of masks with high effectiveness can reduce the effective reproductive number [Formula: see text] below 1. During a resurgence, with lowered transmission rates due to social distancing measures, masks with medium effectiveness at 80% coverage can reduce [Formula: see text] below 1 but cannot do so if individuals relax social distancing efforts. Full mask coverage could significantly improve outcomes during a resurgence: with social distancing, masks with at least medium effectiveness could reduce [Formula: see text] below 1 and avert almost all infections, even with intervention fatigue. For coverage levels below 100%, prioritizing masks that reduce the risk of an infected individual from spreading the infection rather than the risk of a susceptible individual from getting infected yields the greatest benefit. Limitations Data regarding COVID-19 transmission are uncertain, and empirical evidence on mask effectiveness is limited. Our analyses assume homogeneous mixing, providing an upper bound on mask effectiveness. Conclusions Even moderately effective face masks can play a role in reducing the spread of COVID-19, particularly with full coverage, but should be combined with social distancing measures to reduce [Formula: see text] below 1. [Box: see text]

Download Full-text

Deciphering the effects of kosmotrope and chaotrope salts during aqueous two phase extraction (ATPE) of polyphenolic compounds and glycoalkaloids from the leaves of a nutraceutical plant, Solanum retroflexum, with the aid of UPLC-QTOF-MS

Applied Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1186/s13765-021-00603-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tebogo Mokgehle ◽

Ntakadzeni Madala ◽

Wilson Gitari ◽

Nikita Tavengwa

Keyword(s):

Polar Compounds ◽

Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽

Polyphenolic Compounds ◽

Phase Extraction ◽

Two Phase ◽

Solanum Retroflexum ◽

Chaotropic Salts ◽

Almost All ◽

First Time ◽

Aqueous Two Phase Extraction

AbstractSolanum plants (Solanaceae) are renowned source of nutraceuticals and have widely been explored for their phytochemical constituents. This work investigated the effects of kosmotropic and chaotropic salts on the number of phytochemicals extracted from the leaves of a nutraceutical plant, Solanum retroflexum, and analyzed on the ultra-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated to a quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometer (UPLC-QTOF-MS) detector. Here, a total of 20 different compounds were putatively characterized. The majority of the identified compounds were polyphenols and glycoalkaloids. Another compound, caffeoyl malate was identified for the first time in this plant. Glycoalkaloids such as solanelagnin, solamargine, solasonine, β-solanine (I) and β-solanine (II) were found to be extracted by almost all the salts used herein. Kosmotrope salts, overall, were more efficient in extracting polar compounds with 4 more polyphenolic compounds extracted compared to the chaotropes. Chaotropes were generally more selective for the extraction of less polar compounds (glycoalkaloids) with 3 more extracted than the kosmotropes. The chaotrope and the kosmotrope that extracted the most metabolites were NaCl and Na2SO4, respectively, with 12 metabolites extracted for each salt. This work demonstrated that a comprehensive metabolome of S. retroflexum, more than what was previously reported on the same plant, can be achieved by application of kosmotropes and chaotropes as extractants with the aid of the Aqueous Two Phase Extraction approach. The best-performing salts, Na2SO4 or NaCl, could potentially be applied on a commercial scale, to meet the ever-growing demand of the studied metabolites. The Aqueous Two Phase Extraction technique was found to be efficient in simultaneous extraction of multiple metabolites which can be applied in metabolomics.

Download Full-text

Comparison on the Nutrient Plunder Capacity of Orychophragmus violaceus and Brassica napus L. Based on Electrophysiological Information

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae7080206 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. 206

Author(s):

Cheng Zhang ◽

Yue Su ◽

Yanyou Wu ◽

Haitao Li ◽

Ying Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brassica Napus ◽

Orychophragmus Violaceus ◽

Nutrient Metabolism ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Adaptive Mechanisms ◽

Capacitive Reactance ◽

Time Determination ◽

Almost All ◽

First Time

The nutrient metabolism, growth and development of plants are strongly affected by its nutrient plunder, and plants have different adaptive mechanisms to low-nutrient environments. The electrophysiological activities involve almost all life processes of plants. In this study, the active transport flow of nutrient (NAF) and nutrient plunder capacity (NPC) of plants were defined based on leaf intrinsic impedance (IZ), capacitive reactance (IXc), inductive reactance (IXL) and capacitance (IC) to evaluate the nutrient plunder capacity of plants for the first time. The results indicate that Orychophragmus violaceus had higher (p < 0.01) NPC and IC and lower (p < 0.01) IR, IXc, IXL and IZ as compared to Brassica napus L., which supports a superior ion affinity and that it could be better adapted to low-nutrient environments. UAF and NPC of plants exhibited good correlations with crude protein, crude ash and water content, and precisely revealed the plunder capacity and adaptive strategies of plants to nutrients. The present work highlights that O. violaceus had superior NPC and ion affinity compared with B. napus, and provided a novel, rapid, reliable method based on the plant’s electrophysiological information for real-time determination of the nutrient plunder capacity of plants.

Download Full-text

Influenza Virus NS1 Protein Counteracts PKR-Mediated Inhibition of Replication

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.74.13.6203-6206.2000 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 74 (13) ◽

pp. 6203-6206 ◽

Cited By ~ 256

Author(s):

Michael Bergmann ◽

Adolfo Garcia-Sastre ◽

Elena Carnero ◽

Hubert Pehamberger ◽

Klaus Wolff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Protein Kinase ◽

Gene Knockout ◽

Ns1 Protein ◽

Double Stranded Rna ◽

Major Function ◽

Ns1 Gene ◽

Biological Relationship ◽

Knockout Virus

ABSTRACT The availability of an influenza virus NS1 gene knockout virus (delNS1 virus) allowed us to establish the significance of the biological relationship between the influenza virus NS1 protein and double-stranded-RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) in the life cycle and pathogenicity of influenza virus. Our results show that the lack of functional PKR permits the delNS1 virus to replicate in otherwise nonpermissive hosts, suggesting that the major function of the influenza virus NS1 protein is to counteract or prevent the PKR-mediated antiviral response.

Download Full-text

Economic and Social Council

International Organization ◽

10.1017/s0020818300011656 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 835-844

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Socialist Country ◽

Vice President ◽

Social Council ◽

First Time

The 33rd session of the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), comprising the 1187th through 1208th meetings, was held in New York from April 3 through April 18, 1962. At the 1187th meeting Mr. Jerzy Michalowski (Poland) was elected President of the Council, Mr. Alfonso Patifio Rosselli (Colombia) was elected First Vice-President, and Mr. Muhammed el-Farra (Jordan) was elected Second Vice-President. Mr. Michalowski noted that this was the first time that the representative of a socialist country had been elected President of the Economic and Social Council, and he hoped this was an augury of sincere cooperation between states which alone would enable the Council to succeed in its task.

Download Full-text

A New Sahidic Fragment of the Gospel of Luke from the Michigan Collection

Novum Testamentum ◽

10.1163/15685365-12341434 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 198-204

Author(s):

Brice C. Jones

Keyword(s):

Gospel Of Luke ◽

Almost All ◽

First Time

AbstractThis article publishes for the first time the extant remains of a Sahidic Coptic manuscript containing portions of Luke 17-19. Almost all of the special Lukan pericope concerning Jesus and Zacchaeus is preserved (19:1-10), as well as most of the parable of the Dishonest Judge (18:1-8). The edition includes a transcription, translation, palaeographical analysis, critical apparatus, as well as images of the fragment.

Download Full-text

Telluride and After

Film Quarterly ◽

10.1525/fq.2021.75.2.102 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 75 (2) ◽

pp. 102-108

Author(s):

B. Ruby Rich

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Film Festival ◽

Center Stage ◽

Kenneth Branagh ◽

Todd Haynes ◽

Telluride Film ◽

Velvet Underground ◽

The Many ◽

First Time

FQ editor-in-chief B. Ruby Rich reports from the 48th edition of the Telluride Film Festival. Unlike most of its peer festivals, Telluride opted not to hold a virtual edition in 2020, a decision entirely in keeping with its emphasis on the tactile and experiential aspects of cinema, and which made its return in 2021 all the more giddy for first-time attendees and long-term devotees alike. Rich reviews the many festival highlights, from Jane Campion’s reinvention of the Western in The Power of the Dog to Todd Haynes’ archival documentary The Velvet Underground. Childhood takes center stage in new films from Céline Sciamma and Kenneth Branagh while misunderstood masculinity emerges as a theme in Michael Pearce’s Encounter, Asghar Farhadi’s A Hero, and Mike Mills’s C’mon C’mon. Including a coda on the New York Film Festival, Rich concludes that the masterful riches of the two festivals augur well for the fall 2021 season.

Download Full-text

Sick on the Frontlines:A Cross Sectional Study on COVID-19 Infection, Symptom Severity Amongst Emergency Medicine Residents and Fellows in Urban Academic Hospital Settings (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.29520 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Stacey Frisch ◽

Sarah Jones ◽

James Willis ◽

Richard Sinert

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Emergency Medicine ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

The Novel ◽

Academic Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Time Period ◽

High Infection ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Specific Symptoms

BACKGROUND COVID-19, an illness caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, affected many aspects of healthcare worldwide in 2020. From March to May of 2020, New York City (NYC) experienced a large surge of cases. OBJECTIVE The authors aimed to characterize the amount of illness experienced by residents and fellows in 2 NYC hospitals during this time period. METHODS This was a cross-sectional observational study. An IRB-exempt survey was distributed to emergency medicine housestaff in May 2020 and submissions were accepted through August 2020. RESULTS 64 residents and fellows responded to our survey (a 62% response rate). 42% of responders tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Most residents experienced symptoms that could be consistent with COVID-19 however few received PCR testing. Fevers and/or chills along with loss of smell and/or taste were the most specific symptoms for COVID-19, with p-values <0.05. All 13 housestaff who reported no symptoms during the study period tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that the rate of COVID-19 illness among emergency department housestaff is much higher than previously reported. Further studies are needed to characterize illness among medical staff in emergency departments across the nation. The high infection rate among emergency medicine trainees stresses the importance of supplying adequate PPE for healthcare professionals.

Download Full-text