scholarly journals Diffusion-Controlled Growth of Oxygen Bubble Evolved from Nanorod-Array TiO2Photoelectrode

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Hu ◽  
Yechun Wang ◽  
Liejin Guo ◽  
Zhenshan Cao
Keyword(s):  
Bubble Growth ◽  
Aqueous Electrolyte ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Nanorod Array ◽  
Diffusion Controlled ◽  
Oxygen Bubble ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Interface Movement

Nanorod-array structure gains its popularity in photoelectrode design for water splitting. However, the structure’s effects on solid-liquid interface interaction and reaction product transportation still remain unsolved. Gas bubble generally evolved from photoelectrodes, which provides a starting point for the problem-solving. Based on this, investigations on the gas-evolving photoelectrode are carried out in this paper. By experimental studies of wettability on the photoelectrode nanorod-array surface and oxygen bubble growth from anode, we analyzed the interaction affecting the gas-solid-liquid contact behaviors and product transportation mechanism, which is controlled by diffusion due to the concentration gradient of dissolved gases in the aqueous electrolyte and the microconvection caused by the bubble interface movement. In the end, based on the bubble growth characteristics ofRB(t)~t0.5in the experiment, a model describing the product transport mechanism was presented.

Dynamical Processes at the Solid / Liquid Interface

1996 ◽  
Vol 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Giesen ◽  
M. Dietterle ◽  
D. Stapel ◽  
H. Ibach ◽  
D. M. Kolb
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Potential ◽  
Aqueous Electrolyte ◽  
Saturated Calomel Electrode ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Rapid Exchange ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Step Fluctuations ◽  
Equilibrium Step ◽  
Silver Atoms

ABSTRACTWe have investigated transport processes on a stepped Ag(111) surface in an aqueous electrolyte by analyzing the equilibrium step fluctuations as a function of the electrode potential. No influence of the electrolyte and the potential was found in the regime of negative potentials with respect to the saturated calomel electrode. As the potential becomes positive and approaches the dissolution limit, the increasing magnitude of the step fluctuations and the change in the time dependence indicate a rapid exchange of silver atoms with the electrolyte long before the silver begins to dissolve.

EFFECT OF THE SOLUTE REDISTRIBUTION ON THE GROWTH KINETICS IN SOLIDIFICATION

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (25n27) ◽  
pp. 3938-3943
Author(s):  
X. YAO
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Solute Redistribution ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Constitutional Undercooling ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Alloy Concentration ◽  
Interface Movement

Solute redistribution has been a long-term interest in solidification theoretical study, but its effect on growth rate during solidification is still not completely clear. Models that descript the relationship between growth rate and the alloy concentration remain controversial both qualitatively and quantitatively. This work theoretically analysed and investigated the solute redistribution and its effect on constitutional undercooling during solidification. Systematic analysis on the interaction behaviour between the solid/liquid interface movement and the solute distribution has been performed to clarify the effect of constitutional undercooling on growth rate of solid during solidification. It is demonstrated that the growth rate of crystals conversed to the alloy concentration and the relationship could be quantitatively calculated by the present model by introduction of the interface retardation.

Thermal Analysis of Solidification in a Czochralski-Type Rotating System

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Xu ◽  
M. Ferland ◽  
H. Zhang ◽  
V. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Rotating System ◽  
Convection Diffusion ◽  
Solidification Model ◽  
Rotation Rates ◽  
Diffusion Controlled ◽  
Visualization Experiments ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract A continuum solidification model is used to study transport phenomena in a simulated Czochralski system for various rotation rates of the crystal and crucible. Solidification occurs on a cylindrical seed from the top surrounded by water in the crucible. An enthalpy formulation is adopted for numerical solution of convection-diffusion controlled solidification problems. Predicted solid-liquid interface and temperature distribution are in good agreement with the liquid crystal visualization experiments.

Effect of the Slip on Solid-liquid Interface on the Molecular Scale Bubble Growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (0) ◽  
pp. 0178
Author(s):  
Souta Nagoya ◽  
Tatsuya Nagoya ◽  
Takahiro Nagoya ◽  
Yoshiyuki Nagoya
Keyword(s):  
Bubble Growth ◽  
Liquid Interface ◽  
Molecular Scale ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid

Atom-probe analysis of the solid-liquid interface

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 676-677
Author(s):  
J.A. Panitz
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Level ◽  
Selective Adsorption ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Atom Probe ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Hostile Environment ◽  
Solid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Chemically Selective

The first few atomic layers of a solid can form a barrier between its interior and an often hostile environment. Although adsorption at the vacuum-solid interface has been studied in great detail, little is known about adsorption at the liquid-solid interface. Adsorption at a liquid-solid interface is of intrinsic interest, and is of technological importance because it provides a way to coat a surface with monolayer or multilayer structures. A pinhole free monolayer (with a reasonable dielectric constant) could lead to the development of nanoscale capacitors with unique characteristics and lithographic resists that surpass the resolution of their conventional counterparts. Chemically selective adsorption is of particular interest because it can be used to passivate a surface from external modification or change the wear and the lubrication properties of a surface to reflect new and useful properties. Immunochemical adsorption could be used to fabricate novel molecular electronic devices or to construct small, “smart”, unobtrusive sensors with the potential to detect a wide variety of preselected species at the molecular level. These might include a particular carcinogen in the environment, a specific type of explosive, a chemical agent, a virus, or even a tumor in the human body.

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