scholarly journals Impact of Silver and Iron Nanoparticle Exposure on Cholesterol Uptake by Macrophages

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan H. Shannahan ◽  
Hari Sowrirajan ◽  
Indushekhar Persaud ◽  
Ramakrishna Podila ◽  
Jared M. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Scavenger Receptor ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Biological Interactions ◽  
Macrophage Function ◽  
Cholesterol Uptake ◽  
Plaque Deposition ◽  
Silver Nps ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
The Impact

Macrophages are central to the development of atherosclerosis by absorbing lipids, promoting inflammation, and increasing plaque deposition. Nanoparticles (NPs) are becoming increasingly common in biomedical applications thereby increasing exposure to the immune and vascular systems. This project investigated the influence of NPs on macrophage function and specifically cholesterol uptake. Macrophages were exposed to 20 nm silver NPs (AgNPs), 110 nm AgNPs, or 20 nm Fe3O4NPs for 2 h and NP uptake, cytotoxicity, and subsequent uptake of fluorescently labeled cholesterol were assessed. Macrophage uptake of NPs did not induce cytotoxicity at concentrations utilized (25 μg/mL); however, macrophage exposure to 20 nm AgNPs reduced subsequent uptake of cholesterol. Further, we assessed the impact of a cholesterol-rich environment on macrophage function following NP exposure. In these sets of experiments, macrophages internalized NPs, exhibited no cytotoxicity, and altered cholesterol uptake. Alterations in the expression of scavenger receptor-B1 following NP exposure, which likely influences cholesterol uptake, were observed. Overall, NPs alter cholesterol uptake, which may have implications in the progression of vascular or immune mediated diseases. Therefore, for the safe development of NPs for biomedical applications, it is necessary to understand their impact on cellular function and biological interactions in underlying disease environments.

scholarly journals The adaptor protein GIPC1 stabilizes the scavenger receptor SR-B1 and increases its cholesterol uptake

2021 ◽  
pp. 100616
Author(s):  
Ziyu Zhang ◽  
Qian Zhou ◽  
Rui Liu ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Wen-Jun Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scavenger Receptor ◽  
Adaptor Protein ◽  
Cholesterol Uptake

Anemia of Inflammation

Hematology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 (1) ◽  
pp. 276-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy N. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Comorbid Condition ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Hepcidin Expression ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Inflammatory Insult ◽  
Anemia Of Inflammation

Abstract Inflammation arising from various etiologies, including infection, autoimmune disorders, chronic diseases, and aging, can promote anemia. The anemia of inflammation (AI) is most often normocytic and normochromic and is usually mild. Characteristic changes in systemic iron handling, erythrocyte production, and erythrocyte life span all contribute to AI. The preferred treatment is directed at the underlying disease. However, when the inflammatory insult is intractable, or the cause has not been diagnosed, there are limited options for treatment of AI. Because anemia is a comorbid condition that is associated with poor outcomes in various chronic disease states, understanding its pathogenesis and developing new tools for its treatment should remain a priority. Hepcidin antimicrobial peptide has taken center stage in recent years as a potent modulator of iron availability. As the technology for quantitative hepcidin analysis improves, hepcidin's role in various disease states is also being revealed. Recent insights concerning the regulatory pathways that modify hepcidin expression have identified novel targets for drug development. As the field advances with such therapeutics, the analysis of the impact of normalized hemoglobin on disease outcomes will confirm whether anemia is a reversible independent contributor to the morbidity and mortality associated with inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Clinical Features and Outcomes of a Racially Diverse Population with Fibrillary Glomerulonephritis

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Payan Schober ◽  
Meghan A. Jobson ◽  
Caroline J. Poulton ◽  
Harsharan K. Singh ◽  
Volker Nickeleit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Fibrillary Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Black Patients ◽  
End Stage ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
The University

Background: Fibrillary glomerulonephritis is characterized by randomly arranged fibrils, approximately 20 nm in diameter by electron microscopy. Patients present with proteinuria, hematuria and kidney insufficiency, and about half of the reported patients progress to end-stage kidney disease within 4 years. The dependence of patient characteristics and outcomes on race has not been explored. In this study, we describe a cohort of patients with fibrillary glomerulonephritis and compare their clinical characteristics and outcomes with those of patients previously described. Methods: The University of North Carolina (UNC) Nephropathology Database was used to retrospectively identify patients diagnosed with fibrillary glomerulonephritis between 1985 and 2015. Of these patients, those treated at UNC were selected. Their demographic and clinical characteristics - including signs and symptoms, comorbidities, laboratory values, treatments and outcomes - were compared with those of patients described earlier. Results: Among the 287 patients identified, 42 were treated at the UNC Kidney Center. When compared to earlier cohorts, a higher frequency of black race, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and use of hemodialysis were noted in both black and HCV-positive patients. Autoimmune diseases, infections and malignancies were frequently observed, present in over half of all cases. Conclusion: According to this study, fibrillary glomerulonephritis represents a secondary glomerular disease process (associated with autoimmune disease, infection or malignancy) in many cases and hence screening is essential. As the screening for comorbidities increased over time, more underlying causes were identified. We noted a high frequency of HCV among black patients, suggesting a possible causative association. Treatment of underlying disease is essential for patients for the best outcome.

scholarly journals Identification of 31 novel mutations in the F8 gene in Spanish hemophilia A patients: structural analysis of 20 missense mutations suggests new intermolecular binding sites

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 111 (7) ◽  
pp. 3468-3478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adoración Venceslá ◽  
María Ángeles Corral-Rodríguez ◽  
Manel Baena ◽  
Mónica Cornet ◽  
Montserrat Domènech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hemophilia A ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Scavenger Receptor ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Novel Mutations ◽  
Large Deletions ◽  
Function Relationship ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Hemophilia A (HA) is an X-linked bleeding disorder caused by a wide variety of mutations in the factor 8 (F8) gene, leading to absent or deficient factor VIII (FVIII). We analyzed the F8 gene of 267 unrelated Spanish patients with HA. After excluding patients with the common intron-1 and intron-22 inversions and large deletions, we detected 137 individuals with small mutations, 31 of which had not been reported previously. Eleven of these were nonsense, frameshift, and splicing mutations, whereas 20 were missense changes. We assessed the impact of the 20 substitutions based on currently available information about FV and FVIII structure and function relationship, including previously reported results of replacements at these and topologically equivalent positions. Although most changes are likely to cause gross structural perturbations and concomitant cofactor instability, p.Ala375Ser is predicted to affect cofactor activation. Finally, 3 further mutations (p.Pro64Arg, p.Gly494Val, and p.Asp2267Gly) appear to affect cofactor interactions with its carrier protein, von Willebrand factor, with the scavenger receptor low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein (LRP), and/or with the substrate of the FVIIIapi•FIXa (Xase) complex, factor X. Characterization of these novel mutations is important for adequate genetic counseling in HA families, but also contributes to a better understanding of FVIII structure-function relationship.

scholarly journals ZTC bias point of advanced fin based device: The importance and exploration

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushanta Mohapatra ◽  
Kumar Pradhan ◽  
Prasanna Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Power Dissipation ◽  
Temperature Compensation ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Zero Temperature ◽  
Sweet Spot ◽  
Static Power ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
Bias Point ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Present Understanding

The present understanding of this work is about to evaluate and resolve the temperature compensation point (TCP) or zero temperature coefficient (ZTC) point for a sub-20 nm FinFET. The sensitivity of geometry parameters on assorted performances of Fin based device and its reliability over ample range of temperatures i.e. 25?C to 225?C is reviewed to extend the benchmark of device scalability. The impact of fin height (HFin), fin width (WFin), and temperature (T) on immense performance metrics including on-off ratio (Ion/Ioff), transconductance (gm), gain (AV), cut-off frequency (fT), static power dissipation (PD), energy (E), energy delay product (EDP), and sweet spot (gmfT/ID) of the FinFET is successfully carried out by commercially available TCAD simulator SentaurusTM from Synopsis Inc.

scholarly journals A High-Performance Skin Impedance Measurement Circuit for Biomedical Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (07) ◽  
pp. 1950110 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hayatleh ◽  
S. Zourob ◽  
R. Nagulapalli ◽  
S. Barker ◽  
N. Yassine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Impedance Measurement ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Skin Impedance ◽  
Instrumentation Amplifier ◽  
Measurement Circuit ◽  
Silicon Area ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mode Interference

This paper describes a high-performance impedance measurement circuit for the application of skin impedance measurement in the early detection of skin cancer. A CMRR improvement technique has been adopted for OTAs to reduce the impact of high-frequency common mode interference. A modified three-OTA instrumentation amplifier (IA) has been proposed to help with the impedance measurement. Such systems offer a quick, noninvasive and painless procedure, thus having considerable advantages over the currently used approach, which is based upon the testing of a biopsy sample. The sensor has been implemented in 65[Formula: see text]nm CMOS technology and post-layout simulations confirm the theoretical claims we made and sensor exhibits sensitivity. Circuit consumes 45[Formula: see text]uW from 1.5[Formula: see text]V power supply. The circuit occupies 0.01954[Formula: see text]mm2 silicon area.

The role of caveolin in class B scavenger receptor-BI mediated cholesterol uptake in the intestine

2000 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. A70
Author(s):  
Willem J.de Villiers ◽  
Gary W. Varilek ◽  
Lei Cai ◽  
Deneys R. Van der Westhuyzen
Keyword(s):  
Scavenger Receptor ◽  
Scavenger Receptor Bi ◽  
Cholesterol Uptake ◽  
Class B

Partial Endoscopic Middle Turbinectomy Augmenting Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery

1992 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Lamear ◽  
William E. Davis ◽  
Jerry W. Templer ◽  
Joel P. Mckinsey ◽  
Herbierto Del Porto
Keyword(s):  
Endoscopic Sinus Surgery ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Atrophic Rhinitis ◽  
Standard Component ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Nasal Physiology ◽  
Middle Meatus Antrostomy ◽  
The Impact

Endoscopic sinus surgery has gained acceptance in the otolaryngologic community as an effective and safe method of treating inflammatory disease of the paranasal sinuses. At our institution, partial endoscopic middle turbinectomy has become a standard component of the procedure and our experience is reported. Middle turbinectomy enhances surgical exposure, specific anatomic anomalies are more completely corrected, and subpopulations of patients at risk for failure because of their underlying disease enjoy decreased rates of synechiae formation and closure of the middle meatus antrostomy when followed over time. Photodocumentation of the surgical technique and a discussion regarding the impact of middle turbinectomy on normal nasal physiology are presented. It is reported that the procedure is safe, and no complications directly attributable to middle turbinectomy (including atrophic rhinitis) are reported in a series of 298 patients.

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