scholarly journals The Multifaceted Role of Commensal Microbiota in Homeostasis and Gastrointestinal Diseases

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo José Barbosa Silva ◽  
Matheus Batista Heitor Carneiro ◽  
Brunna dos Anjos Pultz ◽  
Danielle Pereira Silva ◽  
Mateus Eustáquio de Moura Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Commensal Microbiota ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Mucosal Homeostasis ◽  
Diverse Community ◽  
Pathogenic Microbes ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions

The gastrointestinal tract houses a complex and diverse community of microbes. In recent years, an increased understanding of the importance of intestinal microbiota for human physiology has been gained. In the steady state, commensal microorganisms have a symbiotic relationship with the host and possess critical and distinct functions, including directly influencing immunity. This means that recognition of commensal antigens is necessary for the development of complete immune responses. Therefore, the immune system must face the challenge of maintaining mucosal homeostasis while dealing with undue passage of commensal or pathogenic microbes, as well as the host nutritional status or drug use. Disruption of this fine balance has been associated with the development of several intestinal inflammatory diseases. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms involved in the modulation of host-microbe interactions and how the breakdown of this homeostatic association can lead to intestinal inflammation and pathology.

The role of lipids in host microbe interactions

10.2741/4559 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1581-1598
Author(s):  
Jochen Mattner
Keyword(s):  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions

Studies on the Role of Carbohydrates in Host-Microbe Interactions

1986 ◽  
pp. 297-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Albersheim ◽  
Alan G. Darvill ◽  
Janice K. Sharp ◽  
Keith R. Davis ◽  
Steven H. Doares
Keyword(s):  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions

scholarly journals Optimal integration between host physiology and functions of the gut microbiome

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1808) ◽  
pp. 20190594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha S. Fontaine ◽  
Kevin D. Kohl
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Physiological Function ◽  
Biological Organization ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Physiology ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Evolution ◽  
Physiological Systems

Host-associated microbial communities have profound impacts on animal physiological function, especially nutrition and metabolism. The hypothesis of ‘symmorphosis’, which posits that the physiological systems of animals are regulated precisely to meet, but not exceed, their imposed functional demands, has been used to understand the integration of physiological systems across levels of biological organization. Although this idea has been criticized, it is recognized as having important heuristic value, even as a null hypothesis, and may, therefore, be a useful tool in understanding how hosts evolve in response to the function of their microbiota. Here, through a hologenomic lens, we discuss how the idea of symmorphosis may be applied to host-microbe interactions. Specifically, we consider scenarios in which host physiology may have evolved to collaborate with the microbiota to perform important functions, and, on the other hand, situations in which services have been completely outsourced to the microbiota, resulting in relaxed selection on host pathways. Following this theoretical discussion, we finally suggest strategies by which these currently speculative ideas may be explicitly tested to further our understanding of host evolution in response to their associated microbial communities. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The role of the microbiome in host evolution’.

scholarly journals Mucosal microbial parasites/symbionts in health and disease: an integrative overview

Parasitology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 146 (9) ◽  
pp. 1109-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Hirt
Keyword(s):  
Host Interactions ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Symbiotic Relationships ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions ◽  
Species Being

AbstractMicrobial parasites adapted to thrive at mammalian mucosal surfaces have evolved multiple times from phylogenetically distant lineages into various extracellular and intracellular life styles. Their symbiotic relationships can range from commensalism to parasitism and more recently some host–parasites interactions are thought to have evolved into mutualistic associations too. It is increasingly appreciated that this diversity of symbiotic outcomes is the product of a complex network of parasites–microbiota–host interactions. Refinement and broader use of DNA based detection techniques are providing increasing evidence of how common some mucosal microbial parasites are and their host range, with some species being able to swap hosts, including from farm and pet animals to humans. A selection of examples will illustrate the zoonotic potential for a number of microbial parasites and how some species can be either disruptive or beneficial nodes in the complex networks of host–microbe interactions disrupting or maintaining mucosal homoeostasis. It will be argued that mucosal microbial parasitic diversity will represent an important resource to help us dissect through comparative studies the role of host–microbe interactions in both human health and disease.

The role of the immune system in governing host-microbe interactions in the intestine

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 660-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric M Brown ◽  
Manish Sadarangani ◽  
B Brett Finlay
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions

scholarly journals Role of Small RNAs in Host-Microbe Interactions

2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surekha Katiyar-Agarwal ◽  
Hailing Jin
Keyword(s):  
Small Rnas ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions

Intestinal Microbiota: Facts and Fiction

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloslav Kverka ◽  
Helena Tlaskalová-Hogenová
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Complex Ecosystem ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

In humans, the gut microbiota forms a complex ecosystem consisting of a vast number of bacteria, Archaea, fungi and viruses. It represents a major stimulus to the development of the immune system and many other physiological functions, so that it may shape the individual's susceptibility to infectious and immune-mediated diseases. The emergence of new ‘-omics' methods recently revolutionized the way we study the host-microbe interactions, but they also raised new questions and issues. In this review, we discuss the impact of these new data on the current and future therapies for chronic inflammatory diseases. We also outline the major conceptual, technical and interpretational issues that recently led to some misleading conclusions and discuss in brief the current research directions in the field.

scholarly journals Formicine ants swallow their highly acidic poison for gut microbial selection and control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Tragust ◽  
Claudia Herrmann ◽  
Jane Häfner ◽  
Ronja Braasch ◽  
Christina Tilgen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Insects ◽  
Dual Role ◽  
Poison Gland ◽  
Gland Secretion ◽  
Acidic Environment ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions ◽  
And Control

AbstractAnimals continuously encounter microorganisms that are essential for health or cause disease. They are thus challenged to control harmful microbes while allowing acquisition of beneficial microbes. This challenge is likely especially important for social insects with respect to microbes in food, as they often store food and exchange food among colony members. Here we show that formicine ants actively swallow their antimicrobial, highly acidic poison gland secretion. The ensuing acidic environment in the stomach, the crop, limits establishment of pathogenic and opportunistic microbes ingested with food and improves survival of ants when faced with pathogen contaminated food. At the same time, crop acidity selectively allows acquisition and colonization by Acetobacteraceae, known bacterial gut associates of formicine ants. This suggests that swallowing of the poison gland secretion acts as a microbial filter in formicine ants and indicates a potentially widespread but so far underappreciated dual role of antimicrobials in host-microbe interactions.

scholarly journals Glycans in Virus-Host Interactions: A Structural Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel L. Miller ◽  
Thomas Clark ◽  
Rahul Raman ◽  
Ram Sasisekharan
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Viral Glycoproteins ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Structural Perspective

Many interactions between microbes and their hosts are driven or influenced by glycans, whose heterogeneous and difficult to characterize structures have led to an underappreciation of their role in these interactions compared to protein-based interactions. Glycans decorate microbe glycoproteins to enhance attachment and fusion to host cells, provide stability, and evade the host immune system. Yet, the host immune system may also target these glycans as glycoepitopes. In this review, we provide a structural perspective on the role of glycans in host-microbe interactions, focusing primarily on viral glycoproteins and their interactions with host adaptive immunity. In particular, we discuss a class of topological glycoepitopes and their interactions with topological mAbs, using the anti-HIV mAb 2G12 as the archetypical example. We further offer our view that structure-based glycan targeting strategies are ready for application to viruses beyond HIV, and present our perspective on future development in this area.

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