Tissue Specific Promoters in Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal carcinoma is the third most prevalent cancer in the world. In the most advanced stages, the use of chemotherapy induces a poor response and is usually accompanied by other tissue damage. Significant progress based on suicide gene therapy has demonstrated that it may potentiate the classical cytotoxic effects in colorectal cancer. The inconvenience still rests with the targeting and the specificity efficiency. The main target of gene therapy is to achieve an effective vehicle to hand over therapeutic genes safely into specific cells. One possibility is the use of tumor-specific promoters overexpressed in cancers. They could induce a specific expression of therapeutic genes in a given tumor, increasing their localized activity. Several promoters have been assayed into direct suicide genes to cancer cells. This review discusses the current status of specific tumor-promoters and their great potential in colorectal carcinoma treatment.

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Liposomal formulation of 5-fluorocytosine in suicide gene therapy with cytosine deaminase – for colorectal cancer

Cancer Letters ◽

10.1016/j.canlet.2007.12.006 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 262 (2) ◽

pp. 164-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Monika Chaszczewska-Markowska ◽

Katarzyna Stebelska ◽

Aleksander Sikorski ◽

Janusz Madej ◽

Adam Opolski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Gene Therapy ◽

Cytosine Deaminase ◽

Suicide Gene ◽

Suicide Gene Therapy ◽

Liposomal Formulation

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Therapeutic Efficacy of Replication-Competent Retrovirus Vector–Mediated Suicide Gene Therapy in a Multifocal Colorectal Cancer Metastasis Model

Cancer Research ◽

10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-4673 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 67 (11) ◽

pp. 5345-5353 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Kei Hiraoka ◽

Takahiro Kimura ◽

Christopher R. Logg ◽

Chien-Kuo Tai ◽

Kazunori Haga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Gene Therapy ◽

Therapeutic Efficacy ◽

Cancer Metastasis ◽

Suicide Gene ◽

Suicide Gene Therapy ◽

Retrovirus Vector ◽

Metastasis Model ◽

Colorectal Cancer Metastasis

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Strategies for Targeting Gene Therapy in Cancer Cells With Tumor-Specific Promoters

Frontiers in Oncology ◽

10.3389/fonc.2020.605380 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Mariela Montaño-Samaniego ◽

Diana M. Bravo-Estupiñan ◽

Oscar Méndez-Guerrero ◽

Ernesto Alarcón-Hernández ◽

Miguel Ibáñez-Hernández

Keyword(s):

Gene Therapy ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Host Cells ◽

Full Potential ◽

Delivery Vehicle ◽

Cmv Promoter ◽

Specific Expression ◽

Normal Cells ◽

Type Of Delivery ◽

Therapeutic Genes

Cancer is the second cause of death worldwide, surpassed only by cardiovascular diseases, due to the lack of early diagnosis, and high relapse rate after conventional therapies. Chemotherapy inhibits the rapid growth of cancer cells, but it also affects normal cells with fast proliferation rate. Therefore, it is imperative to develop other safe and more effective treatment strategies, such as gene therapy, in order to significantly improve the survival rate and life expectancy of patients with cancer. The aim of gene therapy is to transfect a therapeutic gene into the host cells to express itself and cause a beneficial biological effect. However, the efficacy of the proposed strategies has been insufficient for delivering the full potential of gene therapy in the clinic. The type of delivery vehicle (viral or non viral) chosen depends on the desired specificity of the gene therapy. The first gene therapy trials were performed with therapeutic genes driven by viral promoters such as the CMV promoter, which induces non-specific toxicity in normal cells and tissues, in addition to cancer cells. The use of tumor-specific promoters over-expressed in the tumor, induces specific expression of therapeutic genes in a given tumor, increasing their localized activity. Several cancer- and/or tumor-specific promoters systems have been developed to target cancer cells. This review aims to provide up-to-date information concerning targeting gene therapy with cancer- and/or tumor-specific promoters including cancer suppressor genes, suicide genes, anti-tumor angiogenesis, gene silencing, and gene-editing technology, as well as the type of delivery vehicle employed. Gene therapy can be used to complement traditional therapies to provide more effective treatments.

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Development of gene therapy for blood disorders: an update

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2013-04-453209 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 122 (9) ◽

pp. 1556-1564 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Arthur W. Nienhuis

Keyword(s):

Gene Therapy ◽

Gene Transfer ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Viral Vector ◽

Suicide Gene ◽

Retroviral Vectors ◽

Specific Protein ◽

Current Status ◽

Blood Disorders

Abstract This review addresses the current status of gene therapy for immunodeficiencies, chronic granulomatous disease, suicide gene therapy for graft-versus-host disease, viral infections, malignant hematologic disorders, hemophilia, and the hemoglobin disorders. New developments in vector design have fostered improved expression as well as enhanced safety, particularly of integrating retroviral vectors. Several immunodeficiencies have been treated successfully by stem cell–targeted, retroviral-mediated gene transfer with reconstitution of the immune system following infusion of the transduced cells. In a trial for hemophilia B, long-term expression of human FIX has been observed following adeno-associated viral vector–mediated gene transfer into the liver. This approach should be successful in treating any disorder in which liver production of a specific protein is therapeutic.

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Past, Present and Future? of Colorectal Cancer Epidemiology and Clinical Study in Misan

The Cancer Press ◽

10.15562/tcp.66 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

Author(s):

Hayder Qasim Saadoon Alhilfi ◽

Khalid Obiad Mohsin Almohammadawi ◽

Nyaz Ahmed Ameen ◽

Basima Kadhim Abbood Aliedani ◽

Husam Jihad Imran Aldubaisi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Family History ◽

Colorectal Carcinoma ◽

Past History ◽

Stage Iv ◽

Smoking History ◽

History Of ◽

Advanced Stages ◽

Colon And Rectum ◽

Prostate Cancers

Background: Colorectal carcinoma is commonest cancer of GIT. It is represent third cancer in man worldwide beyond lung and prostate cancers. It is fourth cancer in woman beyond breast, lung and uterus cancers. Deaths from colorectal cancer is more in compare with other GIT cancers. The study aimed to determine epidemiological and clinical data of colorectal cancer in Misan province.Methods: Our study conducted in Misan province, Iraq. The data were collected from 2013 to 2016. Seventy one patients that found have colorectal cancer. An epidemiological, clinical and descriptive study perform which included frequency of gender, age, residency, site of cancer, family history, past history, year of onset, smoking history, alcohol intake, presentation of cancer at time of diagnosis, staging and histopathology pattern in relation to colorectal cancer.Results: Overall prevalence of colon and rectum carcinoma is 3.75%. The most age group affected was 51-60 years as 30.99%. The gender and residency of patients have no effect on cancer percent. Obesity, Family history, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption represented risk factors for colorectal cancer. In 42.25% of patients had family history of cancer. Most common site of colorectal carcinoma was left colon, which present in 61.97%. Conclusion: There was slight increase in new cases detection of colorectal carcinoma from 2013 to 2016. Advanced stages of colorectal cancer were most common stages description as stage IIIA, IIIB, IIIC and stage IV in 12.67%, 16.90%, 19.72% and 15.49% respectively. The common histopathological pattern of colorectal cancer was moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma as 53.52%.

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CORRELATION OF BCL 2 ONCOPROTEIN EXPRESSION AND ITS PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE IN COLORECTAL CARCINOMA WITH AGE, SITE GRADE AND STAGE

10.36106/paripex/0807115 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Aruna kumara pagalla ◽

Prashanth Gunde ◽

Aruna Aruna

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Colorectal Carcinoma ◽

Prognostic Significance ◽

Tnm Staging ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Immunohistochemical Expression ◽

Early Stages ◽

Apoptotic Marker ◽

Advanced Stages ◽

Epithelial Lesions

Background & Objective: Colorectal cancer is the third most prevalent malignancy with high mortality rate, necessitating markers that predict survival and guide the treatment. Previous studies have examined the immunohistochemical expression of Bcl-2, anti apoptotic marker, in colorectal carcinoma, but results have been contradictory.To evaluate the histopathological features of colorectal carcinoma, immunohistochemical expression of Bcl-2 must be analyzed to find out statistical association of Bcl-2 expression with certain prognostic factors histopathologic type, grade and TNM staging and also clinical parameters like age gender, site. Methods: This prospective study was conducted on the colectomy specimens of colorectal carcinoma,over a period of 2 years 6months From may 2018 to November 2020 The tumor morphology and Bcl-2 status were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in each case,with the inclusion criteria of resected intestinal specimens among which only malignant epithelial lesions and exclusion of all benign lesions. Results:The study included 40 cases,with age group of patients 51-60(37.5%) years and male:female ratio of 1.2:1.Bcl-2 positivity was seen in 37.5% of the cases.Weak,moderate,and strong expression of Bcl-2 was seen in 62.5%, 25%, and 12.5% of cases respectively. Even though early stages of colorectal carcinoma showed greater frequency of Bcl-2 expression than advanced stages (25% versus 12.5%), however this association was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The expression of bcl 2 out of 40 resected specimens of colorectal carcinoma correlated with various histological and clinical paramaters .bcl 2 positivity was assessed by semiquantitaive method and its expression was decreased with increase in grade and stage of the tumour and increased with the early stages of colorectal cancer

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