scholarly journals Assessment of Water Pollution Signs in the Brazilian Pampa Biome Using Stress Biomarkers in Fish (Astyanax sp.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Nunes ◽  
Fabio Wacker da Silva ◽  
Dennis Costa-Silva ◽  
Gabriel Luz Wallau ◽  
Thais Posser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Aquatic Biota ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Chronic Poisoning ◽  
Pampa Biome ◽  
Santa Maria

Located in southern Brazil, the Pampa biome has been under constant threat due to improper management of human effluents and use of pesticides. These contaminants accumulate mainly in water resources resulting in chronic poisoning of aquatic biota. Up to date, no studies on the assessment of environmental quality in the Brazilian portion of Pampa biome have been undertaken. Thereby, our main goal in this study was to investigate the ecotoxicological risks caused by human activity in the Santa Maria River, a major water course in the Brazilian Pampa biome. Brain and muscle tissues were used for determining oxidative stress and cholinesterase biomarkers in fish (Astyanax sp.) exposed to urban and agricultural effluents. A substantial decrease in fish muscle acetylcholinesterase activity was observed in exposed animals, compared to controls (kept under laboratory conditions). In parallel, increased lipid peroxidation and significant changes in stress-responsive antioxidant enzymes (GST, CAT, GPx, and TrxR) were detected. In the fish brain, a significant increase in GST activity is reported. In conclusion, our results showed significant changes in biomarkers of water contamination in Astyanax captured in Santa Maria River, pointing to important levels of water pollution in the region and validating the use of Astyanax in biomonitoring programs within the Pampa biome borders.

scholarly journals Assessment of water pollution in the Brazilian Pampa biome by means of stress biomarkers in tadpoles of the leaf frog Phyllomedusa iheringii (Anura: Hylidae)

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago G Santos ◽  
Roberto Melo ◽  
Dennis Costa e Silva ◽  
Mauro Nunes ◽  
Jeferson Franco, JL Franco
Keyword(s):  
Reference Site ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Aquatic Contamination ◽  
Pampa Biome ◽  
Measured Stress ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Harmful Effects

The Brazilian Pampa biome is currently under constant threat due to increase of agriculture and improper management of urban effluents. Studies with focus on the assessment of impacts caused by human activities in this biome are scarce. In the present study we measured stress-related biomarkers in the muscle tissue of tadpoles of the leaf frog Phyllomedusa iheringii as a tool for the assessment of potential aquatic contamination in selected ponds (S1 and S2) nearby agricultural areas in comparison to a reference site. A significant decrease in acetylcholinesterase activity was observed in S2 when compared to S1 and reference. The levels of total-hydroperoxides were increased in S2 site. In parallel, increased activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase were observed in S2 when compared to S1 and reference. Based on the results, we drawn attention to the harmful effects caused by indiscriminate use of pesticides on the Pampa biome borders. Our study also validates Phyllomedusa iheringii as a valuable organism for field-based ecotoxicological studies. M

scholarly journals Assessment of water pollution in the Brazilian Pampa biome by means of stress biomarkers in tadpoles of the leaf frogPhyllomedusa iheringii(Anura: Hylidae)

PeerJ ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. e1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
TG Santos ◽  
R Melo ◽  
DG Costa-Silva ◽  
MEM Nunes ◽  
NR Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Pampa Biome

scholarly journals Assessment of water pollution in the Brazilian Pampa biome by means of stress biomarkers in tadpoles of the leaf frog Phyllomedusa iheringii (Anura: Hylidae)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago G Santos ◽  
Roberto Melo ◽  
Dennis Costa e Silva ◽  
Mauro Nunes ◽  
Jeferson Franco, JL Franco
Keyword(s):  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Mechanisms Of Toxicity ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Aquatic Contamination ◽  
Pampa Biome ◽  
Measured Stress ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Increased Activity

The Brazilian Pampa biome is currently under constant threat due to increase of agriculture and improper management of urban effluents. Studies with focus on the assessment of impacts caused by human activities in this biome are scarce. In the present study we measured stress-related biomarkers in tadpoles of the leaf frog Phyllomedusa iheringii, an endemic species to the Pampa biome, and tested its suitability as a bioindicator for the assessment of potential aquatic contamination in selected ponds (S1 and S2) nearby agricultural areas in comparison to a reference site. A significant decrease in acetylcholinesterase activity was observed in S2 when compared to S1 and reference. The levels of total-hydroperoxides were increased in S2 site. In parallel, increased activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase were observed in S2 when compared to S1 and reference. Further studies are necessary in order to correlate the changes observed here with different chemical stressors in water, as well as to elucidate mechanisms of toxicity induced by pesticides in amphibian species endemic to the Pampa biome. Nevertheless, our study validates Phyllomedusa iheringii as a valuable bioindicator in environmental studies.

scholarly journals Assessment of water pollution in the Brazilian Pampa biome by means of stress biomarkers in tadpoles of the leaf frog Phyllomedusa iheringii (Anura: Hylidae)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago G Santos ◽  
Roberto Melo ◽  
Dennis Costa e Silva ◽  
Mauro Nunes ◽  
Jeferson Franco, JL Franco
Keyword(s):  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Mechanisms Of Toxicity ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Aquatic Contamination ◽  
Pampa Biome ◽  
Measured Stress ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Increased Activity

The Brazilian Pampa biome is currently under constant threat due to increase of agriculture and improper management of urban effluents. Studies with focus on the assessment of impacts caused by human activities in this biome are scarce. In the present study we measured stress-related biomarkers in tadpoles of the leaf frog Phyllomedusa iheringii, an endemic species to the Pampa biome, and tested its suitability as a bioindicator for the assessment of potential aquatic contamination in selected ponds (S1 and S2) nearby agricultural areas in comparison to a reference site. A significant decrease in acetylcholinesterase activity was observed in S2 when compared to S1 and reference. The levels of total-hydroperoxides were increased in S2 site. In parallel, increased activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase were observed in S2 when compared to S1 and reference. Further studies are necessary in order to correlate the changes observed here with different chemical stressors in water, as well as to elucidate mechanisms of toxicity induced by pesticides in amphibian species endemic to the Pampa biome. Nevertheless, our study validates Phyllomedusa iheringii as a valuable bioindicator in environmental studies.

Conceptual model for minimizing the risk of water pollution in the Kemerovo region

2020 ◽  
pp. 107-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Yu. Kulikova ◽  
Ju. A. Sergeeva
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Mine Waters ◽  
Critical Limit

One of the problems of functioning of coal industry enterprises is the formation of mine waters, which are discharged into water bodies and cause their dangerous pollution. The total volume of water pumped by the enterprise includes up to 15 % for the recycling cycle, the remaining 85% is discharged to surface water bodies. As a result, the ecological balance of coal regions is disturbed, their sanitary and hygienic state on the environment worsens, and the quality of coal is reduced due to the intake of polluted water for technological operations. The volume of mine water contamination increases during mining operations at deeper horizons and in difficult mining and hydrogeological conditions. In turn, this leads to pollution and depletion of underground aquifers and the formation of environmental risk factors. In Kuzbass, all these factors contribute to the development of water crisis, since the state of surface reservoirs has already reached a critical limit. Especially dangerous is the process of liquidation of mines. Closing mines and sections disrupt natural water flows, resulting in all water from the aquifers going to deeper horizons. More pollutants enter the water, which poison the underground hydrosphere of the regions. The paper analyzes the pollutants entering the underground and surface hydro grid at coal-fired plants and offers a Conceptual model for minimizing the risk of water pollution.

scholarly journals Impacto do uso do filtro “velocidade de fricção” em estimativas anuais de carbono sobre ecossistemas de pastagem natural

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e7
Author(s):  
Ricardo Acosta ◽  
Gustavo Pujol Veeck ◽  
Tiago Bremm ◽  
Débora Regina Roberti ◽  
Osvaldo Luiz Leal de Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Friction Velocity ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Address Climate Change ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
Pampa Biome ◽  
Annual Carbon ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Annual Balance ◽  
Change Mitigation

Annual carbon estimation of the most diverse ecosystems is a recurring theme in meetings that address climate change mitigation, as it is essential to have a realistic inventory of carbon stock in the biosphere and the ability to assimilate atmospheric carbon. Measurements of CO2 flux over ecosystems after being taken undergo rigorous post-processing to remove spurious and unrealistic data. In addition, a correction for low turbulence situations, where the eddy-covariance technique may be underestimated, is to take the friction velocity (u*) as a threshold to establish valid measurements, especially at night. This method, although widely used by the scientific community, is not unanimous. Especially since u* is itself a flow and consequently its value correlates with the time scale used for the analysis. This paper presents the annual carbon estimate of a natural pasture ecosystem, Pampa biome, in an experimental site established in Santa Maria - RS. We evaluated three distinct situations in the annual carbon estimate (NEP): i) without a u* filter; ii) with a fixed filter u* for all evaluated years and; iii) with the filter u* varying seasonally. The methodology used to estimate u* is the same as that used by Papale et al. (2006). The results show a total annual carbon sequestration variability of up to 10% depending on the methodology employed. The ecosystem in question, regardless of the method used, proved to be a carbon sink. However, the use of one methodology or another in ecosystem situations that are close to carbon assimaltion neutral should be closely scrutinized for an accurate annual balance.

scholarly journals MÉTODO DE PÓS-FECHAMENTO DO BALANÇO DE ENERGIA PARA AVALIAÇÃO DOS FLUXOS DE MODELOS DA SUPERFÍCIE TERRESTRE

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Fabíola Carolina Pereira Valente ◽  
Jônatan Dupont Tatsch ◽  
Débora Regina Roberti ◽  
Claudio Alberto Teichrieb ◽  
Marcelo Bortoluzzi Diaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Land Surface Models ◽  
Combined Method ◽  
Native Grass ◽  
Pampa Biome ◽  
Surface Models ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Santa Maria

In this work, an analysis of the uncertainty of energy flux resulting from post-closure methods of the energy balance: H Method, LE method and Bowen method for the data observed in native grass area of the Pampa biome, located in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. From these three methods suggest a new one, which we call the Combined Method. This method takes into account the quality classes of eddy covariance to choose the correct method to be applied. The uncertainties of flux were obtained by the difference between the fluxes corrected by one of the post-closure methods and the raw fluxes. The maximum values of the uncertainties occur during the daytime. Regarding the combined method, the highest percentage of cases resulted in the application of correction by Bowen method, followed by the LE method and with less occurrence Method H. Thus, this method can be considered valid to evaluate the uncertainty of simulated fluxes over land surface models.

Water Pollution scrutinize and forecasting Approach based on the application of 3s technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 03-05
Author(s):  
Eef van Oostveen
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Contamination Factors ◽  
Long Time

With the inexorably unmistakable of the water contamination issue and fast improvement of the 3S procedure, the observing and anticipating of water contamination framework join with 3S gets conceivable. Water contamination organize has been produced for a long time, however is constrained to the investigation of patterns as opposed to making precise transient figures. A significant boundary to water contamination determining is the absence of an effective framework for water contamination observing. Conventional water contamination examining is tedious, costly, and must be taken for little sizes. 3S procedure gives another method to screen water contamination monotonously for an enormous zone. Also, it tends to be constant observing and anticipating. The created determining framework is intended to anticipate water contamination factors utilizing distant detecting information as a contribution to instate and refresh water contamination conditions.

scholarly journals PERSEPSI DAN PERILAKU MASYARAKAT TERHADAP AIR LIMBAH YANG DIHASILKAN DAN KUALITAS AIR TUKAD RANGDA, KOTA DENPASAR, PROVINSI BALI

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Ni Luh Putu Mega Priantari ◽  
I Wayan Budiarsa Suyasa ◽  
I Wayan Windia
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Management ◽  
Water Pollution ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Force Field Analysis ◽  
Water Quality Status ◽  
Waste Water Management

Many activities and the continuous disposal of waste water has resulted water pollution in Tukad Rangda. Tukad Rangda's water quality over the last five years (2012-2016) indicated experiencing contamination with decreasing water quality. The condition indicates the need of serious effort to maintain the water quality of Tukad Rangda. The purpose of this research is to know the perception and behavior of head of household and businesses in conducting waste water management that potentially causing Tukad Rangda water contamination, determining water quality and water quality status based on the Pollution Index, and determining appropriate alternative strategies to control water pollution in Tukad Rangda. Sample was collected by purposive sampling. Water samples was taken at three point: on the upstream, middle, and downstream of Tukad Rangda. Samples are analyzed in situ and in laboratory. Determination of perception and community behavior based on questionnaires and interviews to households and businesses. The data obtained were analyzed by force-field analysis to determine alternative strategy of Tukad Rangda water contamination control. The results of perception analysis of households and businesses on waste water management that has the potential to cause Tukad Rangda water contamination shows well-categorized results. However, for the behavior of head of households and businesses on waste water management that potentially causing Tukad Rangda water pollution, each of them showing results that can be categorized as quite good and less good respectively. Water quality of Tukad Rangda at upstream, middle, and downstream areas have exceeded the water quality standard class II in accordance with the Bali Governor Regulations No. 16 year 2016 for these parameters: BOD, COD, phosphate, and lead. Water quality status of Tukad Rangda based on Method of Pollution Index at upstream, middle, and downstream classified slightly contaminated. Based on force-field analysis, the alternative strategy obtained is increasing the insight and understanding about waste water management to the community, water waste management regulation at household scale, coaching, supervision, and law enforcement against businesses violating the applicable regulations, providing waste water treatment facilities, as well as the development of Tukad Rangda as water tourism area through the involvement of community participation.

scholarly journals Determination of the Bioaccumulative Potential Risk of Emerging Contaminants in Fish Muscle as an Environmental Quality Indicator in Coastal Lagoons of the Central Mexican Pacific

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2721
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Arguello-Pérez ◽  
Eduardo Ramírez-Ayala ◽  
Jorge Alberto Mendoza-Pérez ◽  
María Magdalena Monroy-Mendieta ◽  
Miguel Vázquez-Guevara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Quality Indicator ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Coastal Lagoons ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Mexican Pacific ◽  
Muscle Tissues

This research proposes an environmental quality indicator to detect, predict and scientifically evaluate the environmental impact generated by chemical substances within the pollutant group of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that are categorized as emerging contaminants (ECs) with endocrine disruptive action. The present study was carried out in two coastal lagoons affected by wastewater produced by urban and rural settlements in the states of Colima and Jalisco. Four pharmaceutical compounds were analyzed: diclofenac, ibuprofen, ketorolac and naproxen. The muscle tissues of 14 fish species were analyzed; all had measurable concentrations of the four contaminants. The presence of the ECs was confirmed in all the samples collected. The bioaccumulative potential risk (BPR) of the ECs is estimated by calculating the environmental risk factors and the potential risks to human health, evaluating the concentration and assessing the risk involved in the incorporation of the pollutants into the environment. The BPR indicates the potential impact of NSAIDs on the ecology of these coastal lagoons, and predicts whether a contaminant is likely to act and persist in the environment and bioaccumulate in organisms. Additionally, it estimates the possibility of contamination and risks to human health caused by residues of the chemical contaminants.

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