scholarly journals Biotransformation of Indole to 3-Methylindole byLysinibacillus xylanilyticusStrain MA

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Kumar Arora ◽  
Kartik Dhar ◽  
Rafael Alejandro Veloz García ◽  
Ashutosh Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sodium Succinate ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Transformation Products ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Broth Culture ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Monooxygenase Activity ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

An indole-biotransforming strain MA was identified asLysinibacillus xylanilyticuson the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequencing. It transforms indole completely from the broth culture in the presence of an additional carbon source (i.e., sodium succinate). Gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry identified indole-3-acetamide, indole-3-acetic acid, and 3-methylindole as transformation products. Tryptophan-2-monooxygenase activity was detected in the crude extracts of indole-induced cells of strain MA, which confirms the formation of indole-3-acetamide from tryptophan in the degradation pathway of indole. On the basis of identified metabolites and enzyme assay, we have proposed a new transformation pathway for indole degradation. Indole was first transformed to indole-3-acetamide via tryptophan. Indole-3-acetamide was then transformed to indole-3-acetic acid that was decarboxylated to 3-methylindole. This is the first report of a 3-methylindole synthesis via the degradation pathway of indole.

Identification of indole-3-acetic acid producing freshwater wetland rhizosphere bacteria associated withJuncus effususL.

2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 781-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidija Halda-Alija
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Freshwater Wetlands ◽  
Rhizosphere Bacteria ◽  
Freshwater Wetland ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Juncus Effusus ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a key physiological feature of culturable, O2-tolerant bacteria associated with the freshwater macrophyte Juncus effusus L., was examined over a period of 2 years. Up to 74% of rhizobacteria identified and tested produced IAA. The number of indoleacetic acid producers decreased in winter. IAA was produced even when L-tryptophan, a precursor of IAA, was not added to the medium. Most of the IAA-producing strains were dominated by strains that were not identifiable to species level on the basis of API testing. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and fatty acid analysis, it was found that IAA-producing rhizosphere bacteria associated with the freshwater wetland plant Juncus effusus L. are representatives of several families, including the Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Aeromonadaceae, Burkholderiaceae, and Bacillaceae. This study identifies numerous potentially important bacterial physiological groups of freshwater wetlands. Additionally, the study provides a baseline for monitoring and assessing the mutualistic relationships of wetland plants with rhizosphere bacteria in freshwater wetlands.Key words: wetlands, rhizosphere bacteria, IAA, 16S rRNA sequencing.

scholarly journals Volatile 1-octanol of tea (Camellia sinensis L.) fuels cell division and indole-3-acetic acid production in phylloplane isolate Pseudomonas sp. NEEL19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Poovarasan Neelakandan ◽  
Chiu-Chung Young ◽  
Asif Hameed ◽  
Yu-Ning Wang ◽  
Kui-Nuo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Tea Leaves ◽  
Acetic Acid Production ◽  
Iaa Production ◽  
Solvent Tolerant ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

AbstractTea leaves possess numerous volatile organic compounds (VOC) that contribute to tea’s characteristic aroma. Some components of tea VOC were known to exhibit antimicrobial activity; however, their impact on bacteria remains elusive. Here, we showed that the VOC of fresh aqueous tea leaf extract, recovered through hydrodistillation, promoted cell division and tryptophan-dependent indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production in Pseudomonas sp. NEEL19, a solvent-tolerant isolate of the tea phylloplane. 1-octanol was identified as one of the responsible volatiles stimulating cell division, metabolic change, swimming motility, putative pili/nanowire formation and IAA production, through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, microscopy and partition petri dish culture analyses. The bacterial metabolic responses including IAA production increased under 1-octanol vapor in a dose-dependent manner, whereas direct-contact in liquid culture failed to elicit such response. Thus, volatile 1-octanol emitting from tea leaves is a potential modulator of cell division, colonization and phytohormone production in NEEL19, possibly influencing the tea aroma.

scholarly journals Highly Efficient Biosynthesis of Indole-3-acetic acid by Enterobacter xiangfangensis BHW6

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bi-Xian Zhang ◽  
Ying-Ying Wang ◽  
Xiaomei Hu
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Pyruvate Decarboxylase ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Iaa Biosynthesis

Abstract Background: Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) plays an important role in the growth and development of plants. Various bacteria in the rhizosphere are capable to produce IAA that acts as a signaling molecule for the communication between plants and microbes to promote the plant growth. Due to the low IAA content and various interfering analogs, it is difficult to detect and isolate IAA from microbial secondary metabolites. Results: A predominant strain with a remarkable capability to secrete IAA was identified as Enterobacter xiangfangensis BHW6 based on 16S rRNA gene sequence, the determination of average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DDH (dDDH). The maximum IAA content (134-1129 μg/mL) was found with the addition of 0.2-15 g/L of L-tryptophan at pH 5 for 6 days, which was 4-40 fold higher than that in the absence of L-tryptophan. The highest yield of IAA was obtained at the stationary phase of bacterial growth. An acidic culture medium was preferred for the IAA biosynthesis of the strain. The strain was tolerant and stable to produce IAA in the presence 2.5%-5% (w/v) of NaCl. IAA was then isolated through column chromatography with a mobile phase of hexane/ethyl acetate (1/2, v/v) and characterized by 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR). Conclusions: A remarkable IAA production was obtained from E. xiangfangensis BHW6 that was tryptophan–dependent. According to genomic analysis, the ipdC gene coding for the key enzyme (indole-3-pyruvate decarboxylase) was identified indicating that IAA biosynthesis was mainly through the indole-3-pyruvia acid (IPyA) pathway, which was further confirmed by intermediate assay. E. xiangfangensis BHW6 with an important economic value has great prospect in agricultural and industrial application.

Strain Diversity of Pseudomonas fluorescens Group with Potential Blue Pigment Phenotype Isolated from Dairy Products

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 1430-1435 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARGHERITA CHIERICI ◽  
CLAUDIA PICOZZI ◽  
MARISA GRAZIA LA SPINA ◽  
CARLA ORSI ◽  
ILEANA VIGENTINI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Sodium Succinate ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Pigment Production ◽  
Blue Pigment ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Strain Diversity ◽  
Blue Discoloration ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

ABSTRACT The blue discoloration in Mozzarella cheese comes from bacterial spoilage due to contamination with Pseudomonas. Fourteen Pseudomonas fluorescens strains from international collections and 55 new isolates of dominant bacterial populations from spoiled fresh cheese samples were examined to assess genotypic and phenotypic strain diversity. Isolates were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and tested for the production of the blue pigment at various temperatures on Mascarpone agar and in Mozzarella preserving fluid (the salty water in which the cheese is conserved, which becomes enriched by cheese minerals and peptides during storage). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis after treatment with the endonuclease SpeI separated the isolates into 42 genotypes at a similarity level of 80%. Based on the pulsotype clustering, 12 representative strains producing the blue discoloration were chosen for the multilocus sequence typing targeting the gyrB, glnS, ileS, nuoD, recA, rpoB, and rpoD genes. Four new sequence typing profiles were discovered, and the concatenated sequences of the investigated loci grouped the tested strains into the so-called “blue branch” of the P. fluorescens phylogenetic tree, confirming the linkage between pigment production and a specific genomic cluster. Growth temperature affected pigment production; the blue discoloration appeared at 4 and 14°C but not at 30°C. Similarly, the carbon source influenced the phenomenon; the blue phenotype was generated in the presence of glucose but not in the presence of galactose, sodium succinate, sodium citrate, or sodium lactate.

Comparative Study on Rate of Biodegradation of Diluted Bitumen and Conventional Oil in Fresh Water

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 2256-2267
Author(s):  
Ruta Suresh Deshpande ◽  
Devi Sundaravadivelu ◽  
Pablo Campo ◽  
Jorge W. SantoDomingo ◽  
Robyn N. Conmy
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Culture ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Dispersed Oil ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Set Up

Abstract 2017-271 In recent years, diluted bitumen (or dilbit) has become an important source of hydrocarbon-based fuel. While information on the degradation of crude oils has been well researched, dilbit degradation has been studied at a much lesser extent. The objective of this study was to compare biodegradation of dilbit with a conventional crude oil (CCO) under various conditions. Two different microcosm experiments were set up, one containing a mixed culture acclimated to dilbit (Kalamazoo River Enrichment, KRC) and the other having a mixed culture enriched on soil contaminated with hydrocarbons (Anderson Ferry Enrichment, AFC). The microcosms were run for 60 d at 25 °C and for 72 days at 5 °C in flasks containing sterile Bushnell Hass broth and naturally dispersed oil. Each flask was inoculated with the KRC and AFC mixed cultures, and rotated on an orbital shaker (200 rpm) at the above stated temperatures. On each sampling day, triplicates were sacrificed to determine the residual hydrocarbon concentration. Additionally, some samples were used to determine the bacterial composition using 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. Hydrocarbon analysis (alkanes and PAHs) was performed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS). Higher degradation rates were achieved at 25 °C as compared to 5 °C. All the enrichments metabolized CCO as well dilbit, but the nature and extent of the degradation was distinct. KRC meso culture was the most effective among all, as it completely removed alkanes and most of the PAHs. AFC enrichment performed differently at the two temperatures; an acclimation period (8 d) was observed at 5 °C while there was no lag at 25 °C. KRC cryo culture as well as AFC culture at both temperatures degraded alkanes completely while they were not able to metabolize heavier fractions of the oil (C2–4 homologues of 3- and 4-ring compounds). All cultures showed the presence of diverse oil degrading bacteria and the differences in their compositions affected the biodegradation. Although dilbit was biodegraded, for all the treatments except AFC at 5 °C, the rate of degradation and the extent of degradation was greater for CCO owing to the higher concentrations of lighter hydrocarbons.

Tryptophan conversion to indole-3-acetic acid via indole-3-acetamide in Azospirillum brasilense Sp7

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tami Bar ◽  
Yaacov Okon
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Monooxygenase Activity ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense Sp7 ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Induced Proteins

The phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid is involved in several types of microorganism-plant interactions. In the most widely studied pathway, tryptophan-2-monooxygenase converts tryptophan to the intermediate indole-3-acetamide, and indole-3-acetamide hydrolase catalyzes the conversion of indole-3-acetamide to indole-3-acetic acid. The genetic determinants for these enzymatic conversions are iaaM and iaaH, respectively. This pathway has been observed in many pathogenic and symbiotic soil bacteria. The associative soil bacteria of the genus Azospirillum are known to promote plant growth, probably via the secretion of phytohormones, including indole-3-acetic acid. The following evidence is presented for the existence of the above-described indole-3-acetic acid pathway in Azospirillum brasilense Sp7: the high toxicity of α-methyltryptophan as compared with that of 5-methyltryptophan; indole-3-acetic acid formation in vivo from indole-3-acetamide; the existence of two tryptophan-induced proteins, one of which has a molecular weight similar to that of tryptophan-2-monooxygenase; tryptophan-2-monooxygenase activity observed on nondenaturing gel; the existence of a protein with high tryptophan-2-monooxygenase activity with a molecular weight similar to that of one of the tryptophan-induced proteins on a two-dimensional gel; and the partial homology between the iaaM gene, which encodes tryptophan-2-monooxygenase in Pseudomonas savastanoi, and A. brasilense Sp7 total DNA.Key words: Azospirillum brasilense Sp7, indole-3-acetic acid, tryptophan, indole-3-acetamide.

scholarly journals Acetobacter ghanensis sp. nov., a novel acetic acid bacterium isolated from traditional heap fermentations of Ghanaian cocoa beans

2007 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1647-1652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilse Cleenwerck ◽  
Nicholas Camu ◽  
Katrien Engelbeen ◽  
Tom De Winter ◽  
Katrien Vandemeulebroecke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Acetic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Acetic Acid Bacterium ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Type Strains ◽  
Ketogluconic Acid

Twenty-three acetic acid bacteria, isolated from traditional heap fermentations of Ghanaian cocoa beans, were subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. The isolates were catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, Gram-negative rods. They oxidized ethanol to acetic acid and were unable to produce 2-ketogluconic acid, 5-ketogluconic acid and 2,5-diketogluconic acid from glucose; therefore, they were tentatively identified as Acetobacter species. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis confirmed their position in the genus Acetobacter, with Acetobacter syzygii and Acetobacter lovaniensis as their closest phylogenetic neighbours. (GTG)5-PCR fingerprinting grouped the strains in a cluster that did not contain any type strains of members of the genus Acetobacter. DNA–DNA hybridization with the type strains of all recognized Acetobacter species revealed DNA–DNA relatedness values below the species level. The DNA G+C contents of three selected strains were 56.9–57.3 mol%. The novel strains had phenotypic characteristics that enabled them to be differentiated from phylogenetically related Acetobacter species, i.e. they were motile, did not produce 2-ketogluconic acid or 5-ketogluconic acid from glucose, were catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, grew on yeast extract with 30 % glucose, grew on glycerol (although weakly) but not on maltose or methanol as carbon sources, and did not grow with ammonium as sole nitrogen source and ethanol as carbon source. Based on the genotypic and phenotypic data, the isolates represent a novel species of the genus Acetobacter for which the name Acetobacter ghanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is R-29337T (=430AT=LMG 23848T=DSM 18895T).

scholarly journals Characterization and application of nitrogen-fixing and indole-3-acetic acid producing bacteria A13 in Oil Palm (Elaeisguineensis Jacq.) seedling

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Ismi Isti'anah ◽  
Nisa Mubarik Rachmania ◽  
Aris Tjahjoleksono
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Good Prospect ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Semisolid Medium ◽  
Acid Producing Bacteria ◽  
Biological Fertilizer ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Oil palm plantations have a good prospect in Indonesia. One of the efforts to improve the productivity of oil palm plantation is the application of bacteria as biological fertilizer. The research was conducted to characterize and apply the nitrogen-fixing and indole-3-acetic acid producing bacteria in oil palm seedlings. The bacteria was isolated from soil samples which taken from Taman Nasional Bukit Dua Belas (TNBD) Jambi. Nitrogen free bromthymol blue (NFB) is used as media for nitrogen-fixing bacterial isolation. Selected isolate named A13 had an ability to form white pellicle on the surface of the semisolid medium, increased the pH, and changed the color of medium from green to blue Isolate A13 was identified as Gram-negative bacteria and had a rods shape. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that isolate A13 had a similarity with Pseudochrobactrum assacharolyticum. Hypersensitivity assay on tobacco leaves showed that isolate A13 was not a pathogen. During 48 hours of incubation, isolate A13 produced a maximum of IAA at the 24th hour of incubation. Isolate A13 produced 0.675 ppm of ethylene/hour in Acetylene Reduction Assay and 69,839 ppm of IAA in HPLC methods. This was the first report on nitrogen fixation and IAA production by Pseudochrobactrum assacharolyticum and its application in the soil of oil palm seedlings. Application of isolate A13 in oil palm seedling increased significantly the number of lateral roots, stem diameter, and height of plants

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