Strain Diversity of Pseudomonas fluorescens Group with Potential Blue Pigment Phenotype Isolated from Dairy Products

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 1430-1435 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARGHERITA CHIERICI ◽  
CLAUDIA PICOZZI ◽  
MARISA GRAZIA LA SPINA ◽  
CARLA ORSI ◽  
ILEANA VIGENTINI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Sodium Succinate ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Pigment Production ◽  
Blue Pigment ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Strain Diversity ◽  
Blue Discoloration ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

ABSTRACT The blue discoloration in Mozzarella cheese comes from bacterial spoilage due to contamination with Pseudomonas. Fourteen Pseudomonas fluorescens strains from international collections and 55 new isolates of dominant bacterial populations from spoiled fresh cheese samples were examined to assess genotypic and phenotypic strain diversity. Isolates were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and tested for the production of the blue pigment at various temperatures on Mascarpone agar and in Mozzarella preserving fluid (the salty water in which the cheese is conserved, which becomes enriched by cheese minerals and peptides during storage). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis after treatment with the endonuclease SpeI separated the isolates into 42 genotypes at a similarity level of 80%. Based on the pulsotype clustering, 12 representative strains producing the blue discoloration were chosen for the multilocus sequence typing targeting the gyrB, glnS, ileS, nuoD, recA, rpoB, and rpoD genes. Four new sequence typing profiles were discovered, and the concatenated sequences of the investigated loci grouped the tested strains into the so-called “blue branch” of the P. fluorescens phylogenetic tree, confirming the linkage between pigment production and a specific genomic cluster. Growth temperature affected pigment production; the blue discoloration appeared at 4 and 14°C but not at 30°C. Similarly, the carbon source influenced the phenomenon; the blue phenotype was generated in the presence of glucose but not in the presence of galactose, sodium succinate, sodium citrate, or sodium lactate.

scholarly journals Adaptation of Microbial Communities to Environmental Arsenic and Selection of Arsenite-Oxidizing Bacteria From Contaminated Groundwaters

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Zecchin ◽  
Simona Crognale ◽  
Patrizia Zaccheo ◽  
Stefano Fazi ◽  
Stefano Amalfitano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Arsenite Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Card Fish

Arsenic mobilization in groundwater systems is driven by a variety of functionally diverse microorganisms and complex interconnections between different physicochemical factors. In order to unravel this great ecosystem complexity, groundwaters with varying background concentrations and speciation of arsenic were considered in the Po Plain (Northern Italy), one of the most populated areas in Europe affected by metalloid contamination. High-throughput Illumina 16S rRNA gene sequencing, CARD-FISH and enrichment of arsenic-transforming consortia showed that among the analyzed groundwaters, diverse microbial communities were present, both in terms of diversity and functionality. Oxidized inorganic arsenic [arsenite, As(III)] was the main driver that shaped each community. Several uncharacterized members of the genus Pseudomonas, putatively involved in metalloid transformation, were revealed in situ in the most contaminated samples. With a cultivation approach, arsenic metabolisms potentially active at the site were evidenced. In chemolithoautotrophic conditions, As(III) oxidation rate linearly correlated to As(III) concentration measured at the parental sites, suggesting that local As(III) concentration was a relevant factor that selected for As(III)-oxidizing bacterial populations. In view of the exploitation of these As(III)-oxidizing consortia in biotechnology-based arsenic bioremediation actions, these results suggest that contaminated aquifers in Northern Italy host unexplored microbial populations that provide essential ecosystem services.

scholarly journals Early-Life Intake of an Isotonic Protein Drink Improves the Gut Microbial Profile of Piglets

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 879
Author(s):  
Stefan G. Buzoianu ◽  
Ava M. Firth ◽  
CallaBria Putrino ◽  
Fabio Vannucci
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microbial Profile ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

A healthy microbial community in the gut of piglets is critical to minimize the negative performance consequences associated with dietary and environmental changes that occur at weaning. Tonisity Px, an isotonic protein drink, is a potential alternative to balance the gut microbiota as it contains key ingredients for nourishing the small intestine. In the present study, 16 litters comprising 161 piglets were randomly allocated to a group to which Tonisity Px was provided from days 2 to 8 of age (TPX group) or to a control group, to which no Tonisity Px was provided. The TPX group also received Tonisity Px in the 3 days before and after weaning. At days 9, 17, and 30 of age, fecal and ileum samples were collected from piglets belonging to both groups and analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, semiquantitative PCR of Rotavirus serogroups, and semiquantitative Escherichia coli culture. Overall, Tonisity Px increased the abundance of beneficial bacterial populations (Lactobacillus and Bacteroides species) and reduced potentially pathogenic bacterial populations (E. coli and Prevotellaceae), in both the pre-weaning and post-weaning periods.

scholarly journals Estructura de la comunidad bacteriana en diferentes tejidos de Lobatus gigas silvestres (Linnaeus, 1758) de la Reserva de Biosfera Seaflower del Caribe

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Marcela Higuita-Valencia ◽  
Olga Inés Montoya Campuzano ◽  
Edna Judith Márquez Fernández ◽  
Claudia Ximena Moreno Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Genetic Profiles

The microbial diversity of Lobatus gigas has not been thoroughly studied despite of them is a specie endangered. Knowledge of microbiota may help to improve the conservation and cultivation of this species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the bacterial populationsassociated with the gonad and the gut compartments of the wild endangered L. gigas from the Caribbean Seaflower Biosphere Reserve, using microbiological methods and culture-independent molecular tools. The genetic profiles of the bacterial populations were generated and Temporal Temperature Gradient Electrophoresis (TTGE) was used to compare them with total DNA. A genetic and statistical analysis of the bacterial communities revealed a low level of diversity in gonad tissue based on the number of bands detected using TTGE. In addition, statistical differences in bacterial community structure were found between the foregut and hindgut tissue of L. gigas. The dominant phylogenetic affiliations of the gonad bacteria, as determined using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, belong to Ralstonia (50%). The possible involvement of this genus in the reproduction and development of the conch is discussed. On the other hand, the bacterial phylotypes from foregut and hindgut included members of  Alphaproteobactera (12.5%), Betaproteobacteria (12.5%), Gammaproteobacteria (12.5%), Bacilli (31.25%), Clostridia (6.25%), Actinobacteria (6.25%), Mollicutes (6.25%) and Deinococci (6.25%) classes. Knowing the composition of the gonad and foregut and hindgut bacteria of L. gigas is the first step toward exploring the proper management of this species, as well as provides useful information to future researches that allow a better understanding of the role of these bacterial populations in the health and reproductive rate of L. gigas.

scholarly journals Effects of obesity, energy restriction and neutering on the faecal microbiota of cats

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (7) ◽  
pp. 513-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela M. Fischer ◽  
Alexandre M. Kessler ◽  
Dorothy A. Kieffer ◽  
Trina A. Knotts ◽  
Kyoungmi Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Faecal Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
New Strategies

AbstractSurveys report that 25–57 % of cats are overweight or obese. The most evinced cause is neutering. Weight loss often fails; thus, new strategies are needed. Obesity has been associated with altered gut bacterial populations and increases in microbial dietary energy extraction, body weight and adiposity. This study aimed to determine whether alterations in intestinal bacteria were associated with obesity, energy restriction and neutering by characterising faecal microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing in eight lean intact, eight lean neutered and eight obese neutered cats before and after 6 weeks of energy restriction. Lean neutered cats had a bacterial profile similar to obese rodents and humans, with a greater abundance (P<0·05) of Firmicutes and lower abundance (P<0·05) of Bacteroidetes compared with the other groups. The greater abundance of Firmicutes in lean neutered cats was due to a bloom in Peptostreptococcaceae. Obese cats had an 18 % reduction in fat mass after energy restriction (P<0·05). Energy reduction was concurrent with significant shifts in two low-abundance bacterial genera and trends in four additional genera. The greatest change was a reduction in the Firmicutes genus,Sarcina, from 4·54 to 0·65 % abundance after energy restriction. The short duration of energy restriction may explain why few bacterial changes were observed in the obese cats. Additional work is needed to understand how neutering, obesity and weight loss are related to changes in feline microbiota and how these microbial shifts affect host physiology.

scholarly journals Characterization of Bacterial Microbiota Composition along the Gastrointestinal Tract in Rabbits

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Elisa Cotozzolo ◽  
Paola Cremonesi ◽  
Giulio Curone ◽  
Laura Menchetti ◽  
Federica Riva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

The microbiota is extremely important for the animal’s health, but, to date, knowledge on the intestinal microbiota of the rabbit is very limited. This study aimed to describe bacterial populations that inhabit the different gastrointestinal compartments of the rabbit: stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, and colon. Samples of the luminal content from all compartments of 14 healthy New White Zealand rabbits were collected at slaughter and analyzed using next generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing. The findings uncovered considerable differences in the taxonomic levels among the regions of the digestive tract. Firmicutes were the most abundant phylum in all of the sections (45.9%), followed by Bacteroidetes in the large intestine (38.9%) and Euryarchaeota in the foregut (25.9%). Four clusters of bacterial populations were observed along the digestive system: (i) stomach, (ii) duodenum and jejunum, (iii) ileum, and (iv) large intestine. Caecum and colon showed the highest richness and diversity in bacterial species, while the highest variability was found in the upper digestive tract. Knowledge of the physiological microbiota of healthy rabbits could be important for preserving the health and welfare of the host as well as for finding strategies to manipulate the gut microbiota in order to also promote productive performance.

scholarly journals Spatial variation of the native colon microbiota in healthy adults

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlin J. Flynn ◽  
Mack T. Ruffin ◽  
D. Kim Turgeon ◽  
Patrick D. Schloss
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Random Forest Classification ◽  
Forest Classification ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
The Right

AbstractThe microbiome has been implicated in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The specific traits of these diseases vary along the axis of the digestive tract. Further, variation in the structure of the gut microbiota has been associated with both diseases. Here we profiled the microbiota of the healthy proximal and distal mucosa and lumen to better understand how bacterial populations vary along the colon. We used a two-colonoscope approach to sample proximal and distal mucosal and luminal contents from the colons of 20 healthy subjects that had not undergone any bowel preparation procedure. The biopsies and home-collected stool were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing and Random Forest classification models were built using taxa abundance and location to identify microbiota specific to each site. The right mucosa and lumen had the most similar community structures of the five sites we considered from each subject. The distal mucosa had higher relative abundance of Finegoldia, Murdochiella, Peptoniphilus, Porphyromonas and Anaerococcus. The proximal mucosa had more of the genera Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides and Pseudomonas. The classification model performed well when classifying mucosal samples into proximal or distal sides (AUC = 0.808). Separating proximal and distal luminal samples proved more challenging (AUC = 0.599) and specific microbiota that differentiated the two were hard to identify. By sampling the unprepped colon, we identified distinct bacterial populations native to the proximal and distal sides. Further investigation of these bacteria may elucidate if and how these groups contribute to different disease processes on their respective sides of the colon.

scholarly journals Molecular Identification of Polyhydroxyalkanoates-Producing Bacteria Isolated from Enriched Microbial Community

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
SŁAWOMIR CIESIELSKI ◽  
TOMASZ POKOJ ◽  
JUSTYNA MOŻEJKO ◽  
EWA KLIMIUK
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Alternative Technologies ◽  
Cultivation Strategy ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
Potential Use

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are especially interesting because of their similar properties to synthetic plastics and their potential use as biodegradable polymers. Many strategies have been employed to effectively and economically produce PHAs, among them a production process based on mixed microbial populations, enriched from activated sludge could be one of the alternative technologies. Defining the bacterial species creating these anonymous populations is crucial for the improvement of cultivation strategy. Moreover, enriched bacterial populations could be a promising source for microbes, useful in many biotechnological projects. The main object of this study was to characterize the microorganisms creating the microbial consortium cultured towards PHAs production. After cultivation, bacteria were identified using the 16S rRNA gene sequencing approach. The presence of genes engaged in PHAs synthesis was detected using PCR. The performed analysis revealed that among eleven isolated bacterial strains, four possessed the ability of polyhydroxybutyrate synthesis.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Understanding of the Bacterial Populations and Metabolites Profile of Fermented Feed by 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing and Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Wei Jin ◽  
Zheng Zhang ◽  
Kun Zhu ◽  
Yanfeng Xue ◽  
Fei Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Fermented Feed ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

The comprehensive bacterial populations and metabolites profile in fermented feed is unclear, which may have significant effects on the stability of fermented feed quality and animal gut health. In this study, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry were used to explore the bacterial populations and metabolites profile in the fermented feed incubated with probiotics (MF) or without probiotics (SF). The probiotics were a combination of Lactobacillus salivarius, Bacillus subtilis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The pH and lactic acid levels were higher in MF than in SF (P < 0.05), while the total volatile fatty acid content was lower (P < 0.05). Interestingly, after fermentation, the most abundant bacterial genus in MF was Enterococcus, rather than the added probiotics Lactobacillus or Bacillus. Weissella and a few potential pathogens (Enterobacter, Escherichia-Shigella, and Pantoea) were dominant in SF (P < 0.05). Metabolomics analysis identified 32 different metabolites in the two types of fermented feed. These metabolites enriched in MF, such as maleic acid, phenylacetic acid, ethyl linoleate, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, and L-theanine had potential antimicrobial activities. Conclusively, the addition of probiotics enriched a few potentially beneficial microbes and small molecular compounds with antimicrobial activities, and inhibited the potential pathogens in fermented feed.

scholarly journals Insights into the Oral Bacterial Microbiota of Sows

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2314
Author(s):  
Jasmine Hattab ◽  
Giuseppe Marruchella ◽  
Alberto Pallavicini ◽  
Fabrizia Gionechetti ◽  
Francesco Mosca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Original Contribution ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

The investigation of bacterial microbiota represents a developing research field in veterinary medicine intended to look for correlations between animal health and the balance within bacterial populations. The aim of the present work was to define the bacterial microbiota of the oral cavity of healthy sows, which had not been thoroughly described so far. In total, 22 samples of oral fluid were collected and analyzed by 16S-rRNA gene sequencing. CLC Genomics Workbench 20.0 (QIAGEN Digital Insights, Aarhus, Denmark) was then used to examine the results. The predominant orders were Lactobacillales, Clostridiales, and Corynebacteriales. Lactobacillaceae, Corynebacteriaceae, Moraxellaceae, Aerococcaceae, and Staphylococcaceae were the most represented families. As regards the most abundant genera, Lactobacillus, Corynebacterium, Acinetobacter, Staphylococcus, Rothia, Aerococcus, and Clostridium can be pointed out as the bacterial core microbiota. Sows were also divided into “gestating” and “lactating” groups, and mild differences were found between pregnant and lactating sows. The data herein described represent an original contribution to the knowledge of the porcine bacterial microbiota. Moreover, the choice of sows as experimental animals was strategic for identifying the adult microbial community. These data provide a basis for further studies on the oral bacterial microbiota of pigs.

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