Molecular and Functional Characterization ofBacopa monniera: A Retrospective Review
Over the last 50 years, laboratories around the world analyzed the pharmacological effect ofBacopa monnieraextract in different dimensions, especially as a nerve tonic and memory enhancer. Studies in animal model evidenced thatBacopatreatment can attenuate dementia and enhances memory. Further, they demonstrate thatBacopaprimarily either acts via antioxidant mechanism (i.e., neuroprotection) or alters different neurotransmitters (serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), dopamine (DA), acetylcholine (ACh),γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)) to execute the pharmacological effect. Among them, 5-HT has been shown to fine tune the neural plasticity, which is a substrate for memory formation. This review focuses on the studies which trace the effect ofBacopatreatment on serotonergic system and 5-HT mediated key molecular changes that are associated with memory formation.