scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Different Test Combinations for Diagnosis ofMycobacterium aviumSubspeciesparatuberculosisInfecting Dairy Herds in India

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajni Garg ◽  
Prasanna Kumar Patil ◽  
Shoor Vir Singh ◽  
Shukriti Sharma ◽  
Ravi Kumar Gandham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Milk Elisa ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cattle ◽  
Serum Elisa ◽  
Screening And Diagnosis

A total of 355 cows were sampled (serum,n=315; faeces,n=355; milk,n=209) from dairy farms located in the Punjab state of India. Faeces and serum/milk samples were screened by acid fast staining and “indigenous ELISA,” respectively. IS900PCR was used to screen faeces and milk samples. Bio-load of MAP in dairy cows was 36.9, 15.6, 16.3, and 14.4%, using microscopy, serum ELISA, milk ELISA and milk PCR, respectively. Estimated kappa values between different test combinations: serum and milk ELISA, faecal microscopy and faecal PCR, milk ELISA and milk PCR, faecal PCR and serum ELISA were 0.325, 0.241, 0.682, and 0.677, respectively. Estimation of the relative sensitivity and specificity of different tests in the present study indicated that “serum ELISA” and “milk ELISA” were good screening tests, add “milk PCR” was “confirmatory test” for MAP infection. Combination of milk ELISA with milk PCR may be adopted as a model strategy for screening and diagnosis of JD in lactating/dairy cattle herds in Indian conditions.

A survey of anti-Ostertagia ostertagii antibody levels in bulk tank milk samples (BTM) in dairy herds in Lower Silesia Region (Poland)

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Płoneczka-Janeczko ◽  
J. Piekarska ◽  
K. Rypuła ◽  
M. Mazurkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Density Ratio ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Optical Density Ratio ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Lower Silesia

A survey of anti-Ostertagia ostertagii antibody levels in bulk tank milk samples (BTM) in dairy herds in Lower Silesia Region (Poland) This work presents serological evidence of cattle ostertagiosis in the Lower Silesia Region (Poland), based on the measurement of antibodies in bulk tank milk (BTM) samples. It represents the first evidence of this parasite examined with the use of the ELISA test and milk samples in Poland. The prevalence of Ostertagia ostertagii antibodies was determined in BTM from 32 dairy cattle herds. Antibodies to O. ostertagii were demonstrated in all herds. The optical density ratio (ODR) varied from -0.088 to 1.024. The mean ODR value in the examined region was 0.53.

Use of Bulk Tank and Milk Filter Cultures in Screening for Streptococcus agalactiae and Coagulase-positive Staphylococci

1991 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 848-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL C. BARTLETT ◽  
GAY Y. MILLER ◽  
SUE E. LANCE ◽  
LAWRENCE E. HEIDER
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Sampling Scheme ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococci

The use of a single bulk tank milk culture and a single milk filter culture was studied for their suitability as screening tests for coagulase-positive staphylococci and Streptococcus agalactiae. Bulk tank and bulk tank milk filter cultures were compared to quarter milk cultures taken from individual cows at 49 Ohio dairy herds selected from all Ohio dairy herds by a stratified random sampling scheme. Individual cow quarter milk samples were collected from a sample of all milking cows using a sampling scheme designed to detect an organism present in 2% of quarters, with 95% confidence intervals between 1 and 3%. Seventeen (35%) herds had one or more cows positive for S. agalactiae and 34 (69%) had one or more cows positive for coagulase-positive staphylococci. Using the results of individual cow sampling as the standard, the sensitivity for S. agalactiae was estimated as 23.5% for a single milk filter sample and 35.3% for a single bulk tank milk sample. The sensitivity for coagulase-positive staphylococci was estimated as 52.9% for a single milk filter culture and 41.2% for a single bulk tank milk culture. Based on these results and those of others, it appears that a single bulk tank or milk filter sample has a relatively low sensitivity for both coagulase-positive staphylococci and S. agalactiae, making these poor screening tests for the presence of these pathogens within a dairy herd.

scholarly journals Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and pattern of antimicrobial resistance in mastitis milk of cattle in Chitwan, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmita Shrestha ◽  
Rebanta Kumar Bhattarai ◽  
Himal Luitel ◽  
Surendra Karki ◽  
Hom Bahadur Basnet
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Milk Samples

Abstract Background The threat of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) exists globally and has been listed as a priority pathogen by the World Health Organization. One of the sources of MRSA emergence is livestock and its products, often raised in poor husbandry conditions. There are limited studies in Nepal to understand the prevalence of MRSA in dairy animals and its antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profile. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Chitwan, one of the major milk-producing districts of Nepal, from February 2018 to September 2019 to estimate the prevalence of MRSA in milk samples and its AMR profile. The collected milk samples (n = 460) were screened using the California Mastitis Test (CMT) and positive samples were subjected to microbiological analysis to isolate and identify S. aureus. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to identify the presence of the mecA gene and screen for MRSA. Results In total, 41.5% (191/460) of milk samples were positive in the CMT test. Out of 191 CMT positive milk samples, the biochemical tests showed that the prevalence of S. aureus was 15.2% (29/191). Among the 29 S. aureus isolates, 6.9% (2/29) were identified as MRSA based on the detection of a mecA gene. This indicates that that 1.05% (2/191) of mastitis milk samples had MRSA. The antibiotic sensitivity test showed that 75.9% (22/29) and 48.3% (14/29) S. aureus isolates were found to be sensitive to Cefazolin and Tetracycline respectively (48.3%), whereas 100% of the isolates were resistant to Ampicillin. In total 96.6% (28/29) of S. aureus isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Conclusions This study revealed a high prevalence of S. aureus-mediated subclinical mastitis in dairy herds in Chitwan, Nepal, with a small proportion of it being MRSA carrying a mecA gene. This S. aureus, CoNS, and MRSA contaminated milk poses a public health risk due to the presence of a phenotype that is resistant to very commonly used antibiotics. It is suggested that dairy herds be screened for subclinical mastitis and treatments for the animals be based on antibiotic susceptibility tests to reduce the prevalence of AMR. Furthermore, future studies should focus on the Staphylococcus spp. to explore the antibiotic resistance genes in addition to the mecA gene to ensure public health.

scholarly journals Correlation between maternal serum biochemical markers with karyotyping for prenatal screening of foetal chromosomal abnormalities

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 4851
Author(s):  
Ketki S. Kulkarni ◽  
Payal Lakhani ◽  
Sujata A. Dalvi ◽  
Chandrashankar Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Screening ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Positive Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy ◽  
True Negative ◽  
Marker Test

Background: Prenatal screening for chromosomal abnormalities can be done by biochemical screening tests like dual marker test (DMT), triple marker test (TMT) and quadruple marker test (QMT). It is important to identify ideal screening test among them which best correlates with result of karyotyping which is confirmatory test of foetal chromosomal abnormalities. This helps to decrease need for invasive prenatal tests for foetal karyotyping. This study aims to evaluate sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy and correlation of DMT, TMT, and QMT with results of karyotyping.Methods: Retrospective observational study was conducted in tertiary care maternity hospital over one year- 1st January 2015 to 31st December 2015. Women with singleton pregnancy undergoing DMT, TMT or QMT were included.Results: Of the 529 women screened by biochemical marker tests, 462 (87.33%) were screen negative and 67 (12.66%) women were screen positive. In 56 women, it was false positive (83.58%) and in 11 women true positive (16.41%). In 461 women the test results were true negative (99.78%), but in one case, result was false negative (0.21%).  3/11 (27.27%)women with foetal chromosomal abnormalities were primigravidae. 4/11 (36.36%)women were below 35 years. DMT and QMT had higher sensitivity (both 100%) and specificity (90.00% and 93.18% respectively) than TMT (sensitivity 80% and specificity 82.61%). Positive likelihood ratio (LR+) was 1.00 in DMT. Diagnostic odds ratio was highest with DMT (DOR=115.11) and best correlated with karyotyping results (coefficient of correlation 0.4).Conclusions: Universal screening of antenatal women, irrespective of their age and parity is suggested. DMT has highest diagnostic value and best correlation with the results of karyotyping. Hence the dual marker test can be considered to be better test for screening for aneuploidy.

scholarly journals Field Experience of Antibody Testing against Mycoplasma bovis in Adult Cows in Commercial Danish Dairy Cattle Herds

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette Bisgaard Petersen ◽  
Lars Pedersen ◽  
Lone Møller Pedersen ◽  
Liza Rosenbaum Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Practice Test ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Paired Serum ◽  
Danish Dairy

Mycoplasma bovis in cattle is difficult to diagnose. Recently, the ID screen® mycoplasma bovis indirect ELISA (ID screen) was commercially released by IDVet. The objectives of this study were to: (1) gain and share experience of using the ID screen in adult dairy cows under field conditions; (2) determine the correlation between antibody levels in milk and serum and (3) compare the ID screen results with those of the Bio K 302 (BioX 302) ELISA from BioX Diagnostics. Paired serum and milk samples were collected from 270 cows from 12 Danish dairy herds with three categories of M. bovis disease history. The ID screen tested nearly all cows positive in all, but the three non-infected herds, while the BioX 302 tested very few cows positive. The ID screen is therefore a much more sensitive test than the BioX 302. However, cows in five exposed herds without signs of ongoing infection and two herds with no history of M. bovis infection also tested ID screen positive. Therefore, the performance and interpretation of the test must be investigated under field conditions in best practice test evaluation setups. A concordance correlation coefficient of 0.66 (95% CI: 0.59–0.72) between the ID screen serum and milk results indicates that milk samples can replace serum samples for the ID screen diagnosis of M. bovis in adult cows.

scholarly journals Subclinical mastitis in dairy camels in Algeria: Comparison of screening tests

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Leyla HADEF ◽  
Hebib AGGAD ◽  
Brahim HAMAD ◽  
Mohamed Said MAHMOUD ◽  
Aicha ADAIKA
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Bacteriological Culture ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Cultural Isolation ◽  
Kappa Value ◽  
Indirect Tests ◽  
Reliable Diagnostic Method

The aim of the present study was to determine a threshold values and to assess the effectiveness of four indirect tests for the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in dairy camels comparing with bacteriological culture. One hundred fifty three milk samples from 17 lactating camels were subjected to bacteriological culture, where 84 milk samples were positive, 47 were negative and 22 samples were considered as contaminated. A total of 131 milk samples were screened by pH, electrical conductivity (EC), California mastitis test (CMT) and somatic cell count (SCC). The good combination of sensitivity and specificity were obtained with a threshold of 6.55, 7.2 mS/cm, score trace was considered as CMT (+) and 240 000 cells/ml for the four tests, respectively. The sensitivity of the SCC, pH, EC and CMT was 72.61, 66.66, 47.61 and 39.28 %; the specificity 70.21, 38.02, 59.57 and 72.34 %; percentage accuracy 71.75, 51.14, 51.90 and 51.14 %; and positive predictive value 81.33, 47.61, 67.79 and 71.73 %, respectively. The SCC was significantly correlated with bacteriological culture (r = 0.415, p < 0.05). Kappa value of SCC was higher than that of other tests (SCC > CMT > EC > pH). In conclusion, the results suggest that the SCC was the most accurate, reliable, diagnostic method compared to other tests used in this study after cultural isolation for the detection of subclinical mastitis in dairy camel under field conditions.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BLOOD METABOLIC PROFILES AND MILK YIELD ASSOCIATED WITH PARITY AND STAGE OF LACTATION IN CROSSBRED DAIRY COWS IN BANGLADESH

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Naher ◽  
M. A. Samad ◽  
S. H. M. F. Siddiki ◽  
M. T. Islam
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus

Background: Cattle cross-breeding program has been launched throughout Bangladesh but this program has still focused mainly on biological rather than economic evaluation. Currently, 30000 dairy farms with mainly cross-bred cows are in operation throughout the country and this intensive dairy farming system with high milk yielding dairy cows is supposed to be associated with high incidence of sub-clinical nutritional and metabolic diseases. Objectives: The objective of this study was to detect the relationship between major blood metabolic profiles and milk yield associated with parity and stage of lactation in cross-bred dairy cows. Materials and Methods: Blood samples of 220 apparently healthy lactating cross-bred dairy cows (HF x L, n = 190; SH x L, n = 20 and JS x L, n = 10) of 10 dairy herds were collected for metabolic profile test (MPT) in Bangladesh during the period from July to November 2016. The major metabolic profiles which are associated with milk fever (calcium, phosphorus & magnesium) and ketosis (glucose) were considered in this study. These biochemical parameters were estimated to detect the influence of risk factors including herds, breeds, parities and lactation age of cross-bred lactating dairy cows by using the commercial kits in spectrophotometer method. Results: The evaluation of the biochemical constituents of 220 cross-bred lactating dairy cows revealed that 30% (n = 66) had hypocalcaemia and 20.45% (n = 45) had hypoglycemia. Significantly lower levels of average calcium (7.93 ± 0.36 mg/dl; p < 0.024) and glucose (43.44 ± 3.63 mg/dl; p < 0.0001) values were recorded in HF x L cross-bred dairy herd of BAUDF, Mymensingh in comparison to other investigated nine dairy herds. The highest milk yield was recorded at 7th parity (16 +- 0.91 liter / day) and 1st week of lactation (17.33 +- 1.09 liter / day) were associated with low mean calcium (8.09 +- 0.85 mg / dl; 6.68 +- 0.13 mg/dl) and glucose (36.45 +- 7.67 mg/dl; 32.31 +- 3.90 mg / dl) levels in comparison to the respective values of different parity and lactation weeks. Conclusions: A relationship between blood metabolic profiles and milk yield associated with herd, breed, parity and lactation stages was recorded in lactating crossbred dairy cows. The evaluation of blood metabolites at different stages of lactation cycle especially at transition period is required to detect the nutritional and metabolic health for optimum milk production and to achieve maximum reproductive potential of high yielding dairy cattle. The readily available milk samples could be used as a biological fluid to monitor the health and nutritional status of dairy cows by using mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy method to prevent sub-clinical metabolic disorders. Therefore, well developed laboratories with necessary equipment, test kits and reagent should be provided to perform MPT in both the blood and milk samples for practical uses. Keywords: Compton metabolic profile test, Metabolic profile, Lactating cross-bred cows, Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Glucose, Parity, Lactation stages

scholarly journals Evaluation of sodium lauryl sulfate for the development of cow-side mastitis screening test

2021 ◽  
pp. 2290-2295
Author(s):  
Nobonita Sarker Tanni ◽  
Md. Shafiul Islam ◽  
Mojahidul Kabir ◽  
Mst. Sonia Parvin ◽  
Md. Amimul Ehsan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Bromocresol Purple ◽  
Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Milk Samples

Background and Aim: Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is an economically important disease for dairy cattle worldwide; therefore, regular screening is imperative to detect SCM at an early stage so as to control it. The study was conducted to compare the test characteristics of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) as a test reagent to detect SCM in dairy cows. Materials and Methods: First, 106 milk samples of dairy cows were subjected to available indirect screening tests (white side test [WST], surf field mastitis test, Leucocytest, and Immucell) considering somatic cell count (SCC) as gold standard test. Then 273 milk samples were allowed to react with different concentrations of SLS with or without sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and indicators (bromothymol blue [BTB] and bromocresol purple [BCP]). Results: SLS with or without NaOH yielded best reaction with the milk samples similar to Leucocytest. It was observed that the reaction of milk samples with SLS added with indicators (BTB and BCP) was easier to visualize than without indicators. SLS 3%+NaOH 1.5% with BTB and SLS 2% with BCP had high sensitivity, specificity, and substantial agreement with SCC. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of SLS 2% with BCP and SLS 3%+NaOH 1.5% with BTB was 0.917 and 0.875, respectively. Conclusion: It may be concluded that SLS 3%+NaOH 1.5% with BTB and SLS 2% with BCP may be the potential reagents for the development of an effective cow-side test to detect SCM, as the main ingredient SLS is considerably cheap and readily available in developing countries.

scholarly journals Application of the Fluorescence Polarization Assay for Detection of Caprine Antibodies to Brucella melitensis in Areas of High Prevalence and Widespread Vaccination

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ramírez-Pfeiffer ◽  
K. Nielsen ◽  
P. Smith ◽  
F. Marín-Ricalde ◽  
C. Rodríguez-Padilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Polarization ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Brucella Melitensis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Fluorescence Polarization Assay ◽  
World Organization

ABSTRACT The screening Rose Bengal test (RBT), the buffered plate agglutination test (BPAT), and the confirmatory complement fixation test (CFT) are currently approved by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) for diagnosis of goat brucellosis. However, RBT (at 3% or 8% cell concentration) is known to be affected by vaccinal antibodies. In the present study, Mexican and Canadian OIE tests were compared with the fluorescence polarization assay (FPA), alone or in combination, using indirect and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays as classification variables for goat sera obtained from an area of high prevalence and widespread vaccination. The relative sensitivities and specificities were, respectively, 99.7% and 32.5% for RBT3, 92.8% and 68.8% for RBT8, 98.4% and 84.8% for Canadian CFT, 83.7% and 65.5% for Mexican CFT, and 78.1% and 89.3% for FPA. The use of FPA as the confirmatory test in combination with other tests significantly increased the final specificities of the screening tests alone; BPAT, RBT3, and RBT8 plus FPA resulted in final specificities of 90%, 91.2%, and 91.3%, respectively, whereas for the combinations RBT3 plus Mexican CFT, RBT8 plus Mexican CFT, and BPAT plus Canadian CFT, specificities were 65.5%, 63.2%, and 91.7%, respectively. We suggest that FPA may be routinely applied as an adaptable screening test for diagnosis of goat brucellosis and as a confirmatory test for screening test series. Some advantages of FPA are that its cutoff can be adjusted to improve its sensitivity or specificity, it is a low-cost and easy-to-perform test of choice when specificity is relevant or when an alternative confirmatory test is not available, and it is not affected by vaccination, thus reducing the number of misdiagnosed and killed goats.

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