Subclinical mastitis in dairy camels in Algeria: Comparison of screening tests

The aim of the present study was to determine a threshold values and to assess the effectiveness of four indirect tests for the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in dairy camels comparing with bacteriological culture. One hundred fifty three milk samples from 17 lactating camels were subjected to bacteriological culture, where 84 milk samples were positive, 47 were negative and 22 samples were considered as contaminated. A total of 131 milk samples were screened by pH, electrical conductivity (EC), California mastitis test (CMT) and somatic cell count (SCC). The good combination of sensitivity and specificity were obtained with a threshold of 6.55, 7.2 mS/cm, score trace was considered as CMT (+) and 240 000 cells/ml for the four tests, respectively. The sensitivity of the SCC, pH, EC and CMT was 72.61, 66.66, 47.61 and 39.28 %; the specificity 70.21, 38.02, 59.57 and 72.34 %; percentage accuracy 71.75, 51.14, 51.90 and 51.14 %; and positive predictive value 81.33, 47.61, 67.79 and 71.73 %, respectively. The SCC was significantly correlated with bacteriological culture (r = 0.415, p < 0.05). Kappa value of SCC was higher than that of other tests (SCC > CMT > EC > pH). In conclusion, the results suggest that the SCC was the most accurate, reliable, diagnostic method compared to other tests used in this study after cultural isolation for the detection of subclinical mastitis in dairy camel under field conditions.

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SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS IN LACTATING COWS: COMPARISON OF FOUR SCREENING TESTS AND EFFECT OF ANIMAL FACTORS ON ITS OCCURRENCE

Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.3329/bjvm.v13i2.26627 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 41-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M Badiuzzaman ◽

MA Samad ◽

SHMF Siddiki ◽

MT Islam ◽

S Saha

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Standard Test ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Milk Samples ◽

California Mastitis Test ◽

Lactation Stage ◽

Cultural Isolation

A total of 444 quarter milk samples from 111 crossbred dairy cows were subjected to California mastitis test (CMT), somatic cell count (SCC) test, white side test (WST) and surf field mastitis (SFMT) test to quantify their efficacy in detecting sub clinical mastitis in dairy cows of Bangladesh during the period from 2010 to 2011.Milk samples positive by CMT, SCC, WST and SFMT were 265,230, 225 and 222 respectively. All samples were subjected to cultural isolation (gold standard test for comparison of indirect mastitis tests). Of these, 261 samples were positive by cultural isolation. The sensitivity of the CMT, SCC, WST and SFMT were 80.08%, 86.60%, 60.54% and 57.47%; specificity 69.40%, 97.81%, 63.38% and 60.66%; percentage accuracy 75.68%,91.22%, 61.71% and 58.78%; positive predictive value 78.87%, 98.26%, 70.22% and 67.57%; and negative predictive value 70.95%, 83.64%, 52.97% and 50%respectively. Quarter-wise sub clinical mastitis (SCM) was detected in 59.68%, 51.80%, 50.68% and 50% samples by CMT, SCC, WST and SFMT, respectively, while animal-wise SCM was recorded in 72.07%, 66.67%, 64.86% and 61.26% samples by CMT, SCC, WST and SFMT, respectively. The right hind quarters were most significantly (p<0.001) susceptible to SCM than other quarters. Cows with 3rd and 4th parity and at their early lactation stage had significantly higher (p<0.001) SCM than others. Kappa value of SCC was higher than that of CMT. CMT was concluded to be the most accurate test after cultural isolation and SCC. Unlike laboratory tests as cultural isolation and SCC that require adequate laboratory facilities and skilled personnel, CMT is a reliable diagnostic method in field conditions.

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Genetic tools and techniques for fish improvement

Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding (The) ◽

10.31742/ijgpb.79s.1.15 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 79 (01S) ◽

Author(s):

G. Gopikrishna

Keyword(s):

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Threshold Values ◽

E Coli ◽

Milk Samples ◽

California Mastitis Test ◽

Mastitic Milk ◽

Tools And Techniques ◽

Important Disease ◽

Apparently Healthy

Mastitis is an economically important disease in goats. In the present study, a total of 100 quarter milk samples were collected from 50 apparently healthy Sirohi Goats in Udaipur district. The culture examination of these samples revealed the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in Sirohi goats as 26 (26/100) % and 34 (17/50) % on udder quarter basis and animal basis, respectively. The highest prevalence of subclinical mastitis was observed in 3rd lactation (50 %). Among the different isolates, staphylococci were found as most prevalent organism accounting for 37.50 (12/32) %, followed by streptococci 28.12 (9/32) %, E. coli 18.75 (6/32) %, bacilli 9.37 (3/32) % and Corynebacterium spp. 6.25 (2/32) %. The threshold values of modified California mastitis test, total somatic cell count and electrical conductivity in subclinical mastitic milk samples were observed to be +1, 1.0 million cells/ml of milk and 6.0 mS/cm, respectively.

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Studies on Subclinical Mastitis in Sirohi Goats in Southern Rajasthan with Reference to Prevalence and Diagnostic Aspects

THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY ◽

10.21887/ijvsbt.14.4.15 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (04) ◽

Author(s):

S. K. Sharma ◽

Hitesh K. Meena ◽

Joshi Monika

Keyword(s):

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Threshold Values ◽

E Coli ◽

Diagnostic Aspects ◽

Milk Samples ◽

California Mastitis Test ◽

Mastitic Milk ◽

Important Disease ◽

Apparently Healthy

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Microbiological analysis and sensitivity profile of Staphylococcus spp. in subclinical mastitis of dairy goats

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/1678-4162-8205 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 336-344

Author(s):

S.R.S. Salaberry ◽

A.B.S. Saidenberg ◽

E. Zuniga ◽

F.F. Gonsales ◽

P.A. Melville ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Microbiological Analysis ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Milk Samples ◽

California Mastitis Test ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Staphylococcus Spp ◽

Sensitivity Profile

Subclinical mastitis in goats causes economic losses and risks to public health. Given the need for research that shows the most isolated staphylococci species and sensibility tests comparing the resistance between coagulase-negative (CNS) and positive Staphylococcus (CPS) goats with subclinical mastitis, the aim of this study was to identify the microorganisms isolated from milk samples of goats with subclinical mastitis, as well as define the staphylococci species and determine the sensitivity profile of Staphylococcus spp. to antimicrobials. To collect samples, tests were performed for mug of black background and California mastitis test (CMT), collecting milk from CMT positive animals. A total of 226 samples from seven herds of dairy goats was collected and forwarded to the laboratory, where they were seeded for the isolation of the microorganism and implementing the antibiotic sensibility test. Of these, 122 samples had bacterial growth and the most isolated staphylococci species were: S. epidermidis (24.55%), S. lugdunensis (15.40%) and S. intermedius (13.64%). Samples showed increased resistance to antimicrobials: penicillin (81.8%), oxacillin (60.0%) and ampicillin (55.5%). Greater sensitivity to: enrofloxacin (99.1%), erythromycin (98.2%), gentamicin (98.2%) and vancomycin (98.2%) were observed. The S. epidermidis showed higher antimicrobial resistance to amoxicillin and penicillin than S. lugdunensis and S. intermedius. Similar resistance in vitro between CNS and CPS was observed to most antimicrobials. It is important to control the overuse of antibiotics to prevent the emergence of resistant strains.

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THE OCCURRENCE OF BACTERIAL AGENTS CAUSING MASTITIS IN DAIRY SHEEP AND THEIR RESISTANCE TO ANTIBIOTICS

Journal of Medical Research and Health Sciences ◽

10.15520/jmrhs.v3i7.215 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (7) ◽

Author(s):

František Zigo ◽

Katarína Veszelits Lakticová ◽

Mária Vargová M

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

High Resistance ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Causative Organism ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Milk Samples ◽

California Mastitis Test ◽

Acute Form

Introduction: The aim of this study was to monitor the occurrence of bacterial agents causing mastitis, forms of mastitis and antibiotic resistance in 300 ewes on a farm in Eastern Slovakia. Material and methods: During the milking season, were performed three complex investigations including clinical examination, California Mastitis Test and laboratory analysis of milk samples. The investigations and milk samples were taken in three phases; the beginning (April), the middle (June) and the end (September) of the milking season. Results: Of all the samples (806), 225 (28.0%) were positive for bacterial pathogens. The highest incidence of mastitis (33.3%) was recorded in September, while April (23.8%) and June (25.3%) had lower incidence. The samples from September showed the highest incidence of subclinical mastitis (20.1%), with 13.2% being an acute form of mastitis. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were identified in 61.7% of the positive samples. Especially, S. chromogenes, S. epidermidis and S. schleiferi were most frequently isolated. Staphylococcus aureus was the causative agent in 20.0% of the positive samples and caused acute or subclinical mastitis in the affected ewes. The tested bacteria showed very high resistance to novobiocin (59.5%) and penicillin (51.4%) and high resistance to amoxycillin (35.1%). We found that 80% of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria tested for antibiotic resistance were resistant to novobiocin and 70% were resistant to penicillin. Of all tested CNS, 56.5% were resistant to novobiocin, 39.1% to penicillin, and 34.7% to amoxicillin. Conclusion: Proper isolation and identification of the causative organism play a significant role in the prevention and control of the intramammary infection. In our study, a combinations of Streptomycin, Ciprofloxacin and Tetracycline were the most effective antibiotics for the control of mastitis.

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Evaluation of sodium lauryl sulfate for the development of cow-side mastitis screening test

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2021.2290-2295 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 2290-2295

Author(s):

Nobonita Sarker Tanni ◽

Md. Shafiul Islam ◽

Mojahidul Kabir ◽

Mst. Sonia Parvin ◽

Md. Amimul Ehsan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Sodium Lauryl Sulfate ◽

Early Stage ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Bromocresol Purple ◽

Lauryl Sulfate ◽

Operating Characteristics ◽

Milk Samples

Background and Aim: Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is an economically important disease for dairy cattle worldwide; therefore, regular screening is imperative to detect SCM at an early stage so as to control it. The study was conducted to compare the test characteristics of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) as a test reagent to detect SCM in dairy cows. Materials and Methods: First, 106 milk samples of dairy cows were subjected to available indirect screening tests (white side test [WST], surf field mastitis test, Leucocytest, and Immucell) considering somatic cell count (SCC) as gold standard test. Then 273 milk samples were allowed to react with different concentrations of SLS with or without sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and indicators (bromothymol blue [BTB] and bromocresol purple [BCP]). Results: SLS with or without NaOH yielded best reaction with the milk samples similar to Leucocytest. It was observed that the reaction of milk samples with SLS added with indicators (BTB and BCP) was easier to visualize than without indicators. SLS 3%+NaOH 1.5% with BTB and SLS 2% with BCP had high sensitivity, specificity, and substantial agreement with SCC. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of SLS 2% with BCP and SLS 3%+NaOH 1.5% with BTB was 0.917 and 0.875, respectively. Conclusion: It may be concluded that SLS 3%+NaOH 1.5% with BTB and SLS 2% with BCP may be the potential reagents for the development of an effective cow-side test to detect SCM, as the main ingredient SLS is considerably cheap and readily available in developing countries.

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Risk factors associated with the occurrence of multiresistant Staphylococcus spp. isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis in northern Brazil

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2022v43n2p901 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 901-910

Author(s):

Lilian Bernardina Ferreira ◽

◽

Larissa de Freitas Santiago Israel ◽

Renata Fernandes Rabello ◽

Guilherme Nunes de Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Multidrug Resistance ◽

Phenotypic Expression ◽

Bovine Mastitis ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Phenotypic Profile ◽

Milk Samples ◽

California Mastitis Test ◽

Staphylococcus Spp

Staphylococcus bacteria are often associated with subclinical bovine mastitis. This study aimed to identify multiresistant Staphylococcus spp. associated with subclinical mastitis and the associated risk factors. Twenty-three dairy farms with a history of decrease in milk production, located in the lower Acre region, Brazil, were selected. An epidemiological questionnaire was provided in all farms. All animals were examined using the California Mastitis Test (CMT) and their milk samples were collected for bacterial culture. After isolation and identification, the disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed against nine classes of antimicrobials. Of the 339 cows examined using the CMT, 108 had mastitis. A total of 229 milk samples were collected from individual teats. MALDI-TOF MS found isolates belonging to eight species of Staphylococcus, in 101 of these samples. S. chromogenes (58.4%) demonstrated strongest resistance to the nine classes of antimicrobial active principles. Nineteen isolates with multidrug resistance phenotypic profile were identified. This phenotypic expression indicates wide circulation of resistant genes in this species. The presence of multidrug resistance in Staphylococcus spp. in this study was correlated with lack of water for cleaning the corral, which is a preventive factor, minimizing the transmission and persistence of pathogens in the farms.

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A COMPARISON OF MASTITIS DETECTION METHODS IN DAIRY CATTLE

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas84-036 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 64 (2) ◽

pp. 305-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

T. R. BATRA ◽

A. J. McALLISTER

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cattle ◽

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Somatic Cell Count ◽

Good Accuracy ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Detection Methods ◽

Considerable Proportion ◽

Milk Samples ◽

California Mastitis Test

The potential value of electrical conductivity, somatic cell count, and California Mastitis Test (CMT) Score in composite milk samples as a screening test for subclinical mastitis was evaluated. The effect of genetic group was significant (P < 0.05) for conductivity and somatic cell count while the effects of parity and month of lactation were significant (P < 0.01) for all the three traits studied. Somatic cell count and CMT score increased from first to fourth parity while there was general trend for increasing conductivity from second to fourth parity. All the three methods identified healthy cows with a good accuracy but failed to recognize a considerable proportion of infected cows. The error rate for misclassification was lowest for CMT score (9.1%), followed by somatic cell count (13.9%) and conductivity (29.4%). Composite strict foremilk samples from cows infected with primary pathogens had significantly (P < 0.01) higher conductivity than those from uninfected cows. Staphylococcus aureus were isolated in 60% of the milk samples and appeared to be in the major organism causing mastitis in this herd. Key words: Dairy cattle, mastitis detection methods

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The Impact of Mastitis on Reproductive Parameters of Dairy Cows

Folia Veterinaria ◽

10.2478/fv-2019-0030 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 63 (3) ◽

pp. 72-78

Author(s):

F. Zigo ◽

A. Adamová ◽

M. Vasiľ ◽

J. Elečko ◽

S. Ondrašovičová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Reproductive Parameters ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Milk Samples ◽

California Mastitis Test ◽

Service Period ◽

High Incidence ◽

The Impact

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of mastitis and its impact on the reproductive parameters in a herd of 180 dairy cows. Based on the herd records 127 cows of Slovak spotted cattle and their crosses with red Holstein were selected for study between 1—2 months after calving. The examination of the health status of the mammary glands consisted of: the clinical examination of the udder, the California mastitis test (CMT) supplemented by the collection of mixed milk samples, and the laboratory examination of bacterial pathogens causing the mastitis. In addition to the mammary investigation, reproduction indicators such as the length of the insemination interval, the service period, the intercalving period and the insemination index were also analyzed. The results of this study indicated: a high incidence of mastitis (41.6 %), especially latent (21.2 %), subclinical (15.7 %) and clinical (4.7 %) forms were most common in the herd. The most frequently isolated bacteria from the infected milk samples were: coagulase negative staphylococci (54.1 %), S. aureus (16.9 %), Streptococcus spp. (15.0 %), A. viridans (7.5 %) and Ent. faecalis (6.4 %). According to the available literature, the optimum values of the intercalving period were 365—400 days, the insemination interval 55—80 days, the insemination index 1.2—2 and the service period 60—110 days. In comparison, our results showed increased, unsatisfactory reproductive values in the group of dairy cows with clinical mastitis. While in healthy cows as well as in groups of cows with latent and subclinical mastitis, all of the reproductive indicators were within the optimal levels.

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Epidemiological studies on subclinical mastitis in dairy goats in northern regions of Bangladesh

Bangladesh Journal of Livestock Research ◽

10.3329/bjlr.v19i1-2.26433 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (1-2) ◽

pp. 112-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

MIA Begum ◽

MS Hossain ◽

M Ershaduzzaman ◽

MS Alam

Keyword(s):

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Housing System ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Milk Samples ◽

California Mastitis Test ◽

Mastitic Milk

A cross sectional study was carried out from June, 2008 to December, 2010 to estimate the prevalence of subclinical mastitis and to determine the responsible bacterial pathogens in lactating dairy goats in northern districts of Bangladesh. A total of 292 goats and 584 udder halves milk samples were screened using California Mastitis Test (CMT). Prevalence of subclinical mastitis at goat level was 56.2% (164/292), and in udder half level it was 33.9% (198/584). The subclinical mastitis prevalence at goat level was high (71.6%) in Jamnapari goats as compared to Black Bengal goats (50.2%), whereas at the udder half level, subclinical mastitis prevalence was 45.1% and 29.6% in Jamnapari and Black Bengal goats, respectively. The pathogens isolated from subclinical mastitic milk samples were coagulase negative Staphylococci, Coliforms, Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus. Among these, the most frequent isolates were coagulase negative Staphylococci (28.8%), Coliforms (22.7%) and Streptococcus spp (15.2%). Out of four potential host related risk factors considered, litter size and body condition of goats were found to influence the prevalence rate of subclinical mastitis in goat significantly (p< 0.05). On the other hand, the subclinical mastitis was very significantly (p=0.0001) associated with the housing system of goats, i.e., goats reared in raised floor had a low subclinical mastitis infection rate (35.8%) as compared to reared in earth floor (62.2%). Antibiogram studies were also performed for the bacterial isolates and Gentamicin was found to be the most effective drug.Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 19(1-2): 112-122, Jan-Dec 2012

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