scholarly journals Synthesis and Evaluation of Mannitol-Based Inhibitors for Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Richard E. Johnsson
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Promising Result ◽  
Susceptibility Test ◽  
Computational Docking ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis ◽  
Potential Inhibitors

Antibiotic resistance is a serious threat against humankind and the need for new therapeutics is crucial. Without working antibiotics, diseases that we thought were extinct will come back. In this paper two new mannitol bisphosphate analogs, 1,6-dideoxy-1,6-diphosphoramidate mannitol and 1,6-dideoxy-1,6-dimethansulfonamide mannitol, have been synthesized and evaluated as potential inhibitors of the enzyme GmhB in the biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharides. 1,6-Dideoxy-1,6-diphosphoramidate mannitol showed promising result in computational docking experiments, but neither phosphate analog showed activity in the Kirby-Bauer antibiotic susceptibility test.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp Isolated from Post-weaned Piglet Faeces under Penicillin-streptomycin Combination Therapy (Penstrep®) in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
A. N. T. Koné ◽  
N. K. N’gbesso ◽  
B. K. Guédé ◽  
M. B. Ouattara ◽  
F. K. Konan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Test ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Aim: The current study was aimed at evaluating the antibiotic resistance profile of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp isolated from post-weaned piglets treated with penicillin-streptomycin combination therapy. Study Design:  Bacteriological study. Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of the National Reference Center for antibiotics at Institut Pasteur Côte d’Ivoire, between March 2018 and June 2018. Methodology: Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species were isolated from post weaned piglets stool on Mac Conkey medium added up separately with penicillin, streptomycin and combined penicillin-streptomycin and identified. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using disk diffusion method on Müller-Hinton agar. Results: Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species resistance to penicillin, streptomycin and combined penicillin-streptomycin evaluated, respectively, reached 80.5% (Day 0) to 92.0% (Day 4); 17.0% (Day 0) to 39.9% (Day 4) and 31.3% (Day 0) to 70.9% (Day 4) for piglets treated with Penstrep®. In addition, antibiotic susceptibility test carried out for Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp strains isolated from piglets treated with Penstrep® revealed resistance to amoxicillin for each bacterial species at a rate of 86.0% and 89.0%. Furthermore, control piglets showed lesser resistance to streptomycin (E.coli 31.0% and Klebsiella spp 38.0%) than those treated with the combination therapy Penstrep® (E. coli 73.0% and Klebsiella spp 48.0%). As for netilmicin, imipenem and colistin, no resistance was detected for treated piglets as well as untreated ones. Conclusion: The combination therapy with Penstrep® has increased Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species resistance to antibiotics tested in the current study.

scholarly journals Isolation and molecular characterization of staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical cases in broilers

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-62
Author(s):  
Anas Almousawi ◽  
Abdullah Alhatami ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Susceptibility Test ◽  
Poultry Industry ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Clinical Cases

Background: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) causes a difficult problem in the poultry industry because it causes diseases that are difficult to treat due to the resistance of these bacteria to antibiotics and their possession of a battery of virulence and resistance genes in addition to their ability to produce thick biofilms. Method: A cross-sectional study conducted to collect a total of 53 samples from different clinical cases in broilers during the period from August 2019 to February 2020 in Al-Najaf and Karbala cities, The clinical isolates were determined by using the conventional standard biochemical tests. All the specimens cultured on blood agar medium supplemented with 5% blood for primary isolation and selected by using selective media mannitol salt agar (MSA) for confirmation the mannitol fermentation, then subjected to gram’s staining, catalase, oxidase, and further slide coagulase test, then all S. aureus isolates tested by antibiotic susceptibility test, and screened for the presence of mecA and mecC genes using PCR for the detection of MRSA isolates, then subjected to the detection of virulence genes (pvl and eta), antibiotic resistance gene (cfr), identification of integron class 1, biofilm formation assay, the multi-druge resistance profiles (MDR) and multible antibiotics resistance (MAR) indexes were calculated. Results: the isolation rate of S. aureus from the broilers' clinical samples was 37.7%. The antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that 85% of S. aureus isolates were resistant to one or more of the antibiotic tested. All 53 isolates were assessed for the presence of mecA and mecC genes by using PCR. The mecA gene-specific PCR product was seen in 7 (35%) isolates and considered as MRSA. Among all S. aureus isolates, two isolates were positive for the eta gene, and 15 (75%) isolates harboring integron class 1, while the biofilm formation test revealed that 7 (35%) was positive biofilm producers and three of them were strong producers, consequentlly, 13 (65%) of the isolates were resisted to three or more antibiotics and considered as MDR strains. While pvl, cfr, and mecC gene were not detected among S. aureus isolates. Conclusion: the current study revealed that S. aureus possess a real threat in the poultry industry reflecting a public health problem due to the large acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes by these bacteria, the results indicated a high percentage of isolates having MDR characteristic, and two of them were resistant to all antibiotics tested. In addition to the presence of two MRSA isolates carrying the eta gene, this indicating that they are of human origin.

scholarly journals Improve antibiotic susceptibility test and its quality control by linear-gradient plate

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 740-749
Author(s):  
Qing ZHANG ◽  
Yin ZHANG ◽  
Jing QI ◽  
YanBo LUO ◽  
LuLu LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Test ◽  
Linear Gradient ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Gradient Plate

Ralstonia insidiosa Neonatal Sepsis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (03) ◽  
pp. 148-151
Author(s):  
Elçin Akduman Alaşehir ◽  
Belkız Öngen İpek ◽  
David Terence Thomas ◽  
Mustafa Erinç Sitar ◽  
Tuğba Erener Ercan
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Susceptibility Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Presumptive Diagnosis ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Ralstonia Insidiosa

Introduction Ralstonia spp. are nonfermenting gram-negative bacteria that have recently emerged as opportunistic pathogens. Previously, two case series of infection associated with Ralstonia insidiosa have been published. In this case report, R. insidiosa infection of a neonate in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is presented. Case Presentation A term male infant developed respiratory distress 2 hours after birth and was admitted to the NICU with the presumptive diagnosis of transient tachypnea of the newborn. A left apical pneumothorax was detected, requiring chest tube insertion. An umbilical catheter was placed due to poor peripheral vascular access. On the second day, blood cultures were sent from the umbilical artery and umbilical venous catheters, which showed growth of R. insidiosa. The antibiotics were changed from ampicillin and gentamicin to ampicillin–sulbactam and cefotaxime according to the antibiotic susceptibility test results. Respiratory distress symptoms resolved and the patient was extubated. The infant's clinical condition improved steadily and was discharged with breast feeding and stable vital findings, negative follow-up cultures, and C-reactive protein. Conclusion Ralstonia insidiosa is an emerging pathogen in hospital infections due to its ability to survive in water supplies and sterilized water-based solutions. There is need for vigilance of R. insidiosa, especially in intensive care units. Awareness of rare pathogens, early detection of the bacteria, and antibiotic susceptibility test results are important in the success of treatment.

scholarly journals Trends in Primary Antibiotic Resistance in H. pylori Strains Isolated in Italy between 2009 and 2019

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Maria Saracino ◽  
Giulia Fiorini ◽  
Angelo Zullo ◽  
Matteo Pavoni ◽  
Laura Saccomanno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Susceptibility Test ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽  
Rapid Urease Test ◽  
Multiple Biopsies ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Urease Test ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Resistance Rates

Background and aims: the increasing prevalence of strains resistant to antimicrobial agents is a critical issue for the management of Helicobacter pylori infection. This study aimed to evaluate, in Italian naïve patients, H. pylori antibiotic resistance trends and their potential predictive factors during the last decade. Methods: consecutive Italian naïve H. pylori positive patients, referred from General Practitioners to our Unit from January 2009 to January 2019 to perform an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE), were considered. Each patient underwent 13C-urea breath test (13C-UBT) and UGIE with multiple biopsies to perform rapid urease test (RUT), culture/susceptibility test (vs. clarithromycin, metronidazole, levofloxacin), and histopathological examination. H. pylori status was assessed through CRM (composite reference method: at least two tests positive or only culture positive). Results: between 2009 and 2014, 1763 patients were diagnosed as H. pylori positive, 907 were naïve with antibiogram available. Between 2015 and 2019, 1415 patients were diagnosed as H. pylori positive, antibiotic susceptibility test was available in 739 naïve patients. H. pylori primary antibiotic resistance rates in the first and second five-year period were, respectively, clarithromycin 30.2% (95% CI 27.2–33.3), 37.8% (95% CI 34.2–41.4); metronidazole 33.3% (95% CI 30.2–36.5), 33.6% (95% CI 30.2–37.1); levofloxacin 25.6% (95% CI 22.8–28.5), 33.8% (95% CI 37.4–47.4), double resistance clarithromycin-metronidazole 18.9% (95% CI 16.4–21.6), 20.7% (95% CI 17.8–23.8). The increase of the resistance rates to clarithromycin and levofloxacin in naïve patients was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Although eradication rates for sequential therapy in the 10 years considered were 93.4% (95% CI 92–94.6) and 87.5% (95% CI 85.7–89) at per-protocol (PP) and intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis, respectively, they showed a significant decrease in the second five-year period. Conclusions: this data highlights an increase in primary H. pylori antibiotic resistance and strongly suggests the importance of drug susceptibility testing also in naïve patients.

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