Development of a Fast Raman-Assisted Antibiotic Susceptibility Test (FRAST) for the Antibiotic Resistance Analysis of Clinical Urine and Blood Samples

Tertiary Care ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Susceptibility Test ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Blood Samples ◽

E Coli ◽

Acinetobacter Spp ◽

Gram Positive Cocci

Bacteraemia is one of the important causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains is a major problem in its management. To encourage the prudent use of appropriate antibiotics in a tertiary care study was undertaken. A total of 282 patients with suspected bacteraemia from indoor and outdoor patients were included in this study. Blood samples were processed in the microbiology laboratory and bacteria were recognized by standard laboratory methods and then antibiotic susceptibility test was performed following CLSI guidelines. Out of a total of 282 blood samples, 55(19.50%) were culture positive. Among 55 positive cultures, Gram-positive Cocci and Gram-negative Bacilli were 48(87.3%) and 7(12.7%) respectively. The most predominant organisms were Staphylococcus aureus comprising 42(76.36%), followed by Salmonella typhi 4(7.30%), E. coli 2(3.63%) and Acinetobacter spp 1(1.81%). Among the isolated Staphylococcus spp, only 6(10.9%) isolates were Coagulase-Negative (CoNS). In antibiotic susceptibility test, all of the isolated bacterial pathogens were found susceptible to imipenem and meropenem (100%). For Salmonella typhi, all 4 isolated strains were found resistant to amoxicillin, amoxicillin+clavulanic acid (amoxyclave) and cephradine and 3 out of 4(75%) were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. Most of the Gram-positive Cocci (GPC) were susceptible to levofloxacin (90%), ciprofloxacin (85%), and amikacin (83%). Both of E. coli and Acinetobacter spp were sensitive to amikacin (100%). This study stresses the need for continuous screening and surveillance for antibiotic resistance that would influence appropriate empiric treatment and infection control strategies for bacteremic cases.

Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp Isolated from Post-weaned Piglet Faeces under Penicillin-streptomycin Combination Therapy (Penstrep®) in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

Journal of Advances in Microbiology ◽

10.9734/jamb/2019/v18i430177 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

A. N. T. Koné ◽

N. K. N’gbesso ◽

B. K. Guédé ◽

M. B. Ouattara ◽

F. K. Konan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Combination Therapy ◽

Susceptibility Test ◽

Weaned Piglets ◽

Klebsiella Species ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽

Klebsiella Spp

Aim: The current study was aimed at evaluating the antibiotic resistance profile of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp isolated from post-weaned piglets treated with penicillin-streptomycin combination therapy. Study Design: Bacteriological study. Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of the National Reference Center for antibiotics at Institut Pasteur Côte d’Ivoire, between March 2018 and June 2018. Methodology: Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species were isolated from post weaned piglets stool on Mac Conkey medium added up separately with penicillin, streptomycin and combined penicillin-streptomycin and identified. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using disk diffusion method on Müller-Hinton agar. Results: Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species resistance to penicillin, streptomycin and combined penicillin-streptomycin evaluated, respectively, reached 80.5% (Day 0) to 92.0% (Day 4); 17.0% (Day 0) to 39.9% (Day 4) and 31.3% (Day 0) to 70.9% (Day 4) for piglets treated with Penstrep®. In addition, antibiotic susceptibility test carried out for Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp strains isolated from piglets treated with Penstrep® revealed resistance to amoxicillin for each bacterial species at a rate of 86.0% and 89.0%. Furthermore, control piglets showed lesser resistance to streptomycin (E.coli 31.0% and Klebsiella spp 38.0%) than those treated with the combination therapy Penstrep® (E. coli 73.0% and Klebsiella spp 48.0%). As for netilmicin, imipenem and colistin, no resistance was detected for treated piglets as well as untreated ones. Conclusion: The combination therapy with Penstrep® has increased Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species resistance to antibiotics tested in the current study.

Isolation and molecular characterization of staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical cases in broilers

Kufa Journal For Veterinary Medical Sciences ◽

10.36326/kjvs/2020/0110204 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 42-62

Author(s):

Anas Almousawi ◽

Abdullah Alhatami ◽

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Susceptibility Test ◽

Poultry Industry ◽

Class 1 ◽

Clinical Cases

Background: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) causes a difficult problem in the poultry industry because it causes diseases that are difficult to treat due to the resistance of these bacteria to antibiotics and their possession of a battery of virulence and resistance genes in addition to their ability to produce thick biofilms. Method: A cross-sectional study conducted to collect a total of 53 samples from different clinical cases in broilers during the period from August 2019 to February 2020 in Al-Najaf and Karbala cities, The clinical isolates were determined by using the conventional standard biochemical tests. All the specimens cultured on blood agar medium supplemented with 5% blood for primary isolation and selected by using selective media mannitol salt agar (MSA) for confirmation the mannitol fermentation, then subjected to gram’s staining, catalase, oxidase, and further slide coagulase test, then all S. aureus isolates tested by antibiotic susceptibility test, and screened for the presence of mecA and mecC genes using PCR for the detection of MRSA isolates, then subjected to the detection of virulence genes (pvl and eta), antibiotic resistance gene (cfr), identification of integron class 1, biofilm formation assay, the multi-druge resistance profiles (MDR) and multible antibiotics resistance (MAR) indexes were calculated. Results: the isolation rate of S. aureus from the broilers' clinical samples was 37.7%. The antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that 85% of S. aureus isolates were resistant to one or more of the antibiotic tested. All 53 isolates were assessed for the presence of mecA and mecC genes by using PCR. The mecA gene-specific PCR product was seen in 7 (35%) isolates and considered as MRSA. Among all S. aureus isolates, two isolates were positive for the eta gene, and 15 (75%) isolates harboring integron class 1, while the biofilm formation test revealed that 7 (35%) was positive biofilm producers and three of them were strong producers, consequentlly, 13 (65%) of the isolates were resisted to three or more antibiotics and considered as MDR strains. While pvl, cfr, and mecC gene were not detected among S. aureus isolates. Conclusion: the current study revealed that S. aureus possess a real threat in the poultry industry reflecting a public health problem due to the large acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes by these bacteria, the results indicated a high percentage of isolates having MDR characteristic, and two of them were resistant to all antibiotics tested. In addition to the presence of two MRSA isolates carrying the eta gene, this indicating that they are of human origin.

Synthesis and Evaluation of Mannitol-Based Inhibitors for Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis

International Journal of Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2016/3475235 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Richard E. Johnsson

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Promising Result ◽

Susceptibility Test ◽

Computational Docking ◽

Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis ◽

Potential Inhibitors

Antibiotic resistance is a serious threat against humankind and the need for new therapeutics is crucial. Without working antibiotics, diseases that we thought were extinct will come back. In this paper two new mannitol bisphosphate analogs, 1,6-dideoxy-1,6-diphosphoramidate mannitol and 1,6-dideoxy-1,6-dimethansulfonamide mannitol, have been synthesized and evaluated as potential inhibitors of the enzyme GmhB in the biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharides. 1,6-Dideoxy-1,6-diphosphoramidate mannitol showed promising result in computational docking experiments, but neither phosphate analog showed activity in the Kirby-Bauer antibiotic susceptibility test.

Drug Resistance Associated with Blood Borne Bacteria in Dhaka Metropolis

Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.3329/bjm.v35i2.42642 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 134-140

Author(s):

Tasnia Ahmed ◽

Rajib Dey ◽

Rashed Noor

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Healthcare Setting ◽

Susceptibility Test ◽

Simple Task ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Wide Range ◽

Staphylococcus Spp ◽

New Discovery

Blood borne infections are easy to contract during hospital procedures and can easily be transferred to other personnel in a healthcare setting. Bacteremia has become a common incidence and treatment is by administration of antibiotics. But this is not a simple task any more, since the pathogenic bacteria causing bacteremia are becoming resistant to a wide range of antibiotics. Blood samples were collected from outdoor patients seeking laboratory tests in Dhaka city. Blood samples were inoculated onto blood agar medium and after incubation for 37oC for 24 hours, bacterial isolates were identified and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility test by following the Kirby-Bauer method. The current present study deals with 100 patients of bacteremia from whom 150 isolates of 15 different bacterial genera have been collected among which the most prominent bacteria were Staphylococcus spp. (51 isolates), Pseudomonas spp. (19 isolates) and Escherichia spp. (19 isolates). After the antibiotic susceptibility test it was found that all isolates were resistant to a number of commonly used antibiotics. Twenty eight different antibiotics were used for this study. All isolates showed resistance to CAR, ATM, TOB, CXM, FD, CL, CAZ, AMC. NET and CN showed the most effective results (can effectively clear 9 and 10 types of isolates respectively found in this study). New discovery of drugs to fight these resistant pathogens is needed. In the meantime, safe administration of drugs, handling patients with appropriate protective personal clothing and apparatus, proper waste disposal managements in the hospital should be maintained strictly. Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 35 Number 2 December 2018, pp 134-140