scholarly journals Isolation and molecular characterization of staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical cases in broilers

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-62
Author(s):  
Anas Almousawi ◽  
Abdullah Alhatami ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Susceptibility Test ◽  
Poultry Industry ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Clinical Cases

Background: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) causes a difficult problem in the poultry industry because it causes diseases that are difficult to treat due to the resistance of these bacteria to antibiotics and their possession of a battery of virulence and resistance genes in addition to their ability to produce thick biofilms. Method: A cross-sectional study conducted to collect a total of 53 samples from different clinical cases in broilers during the period from August 2019 to February 2020 in Al-Najaf and Karbala cities, The clinical isolates were determined by using the conventional standard biochemical tests. All the specimens cultured on blood agar medium supplemented with 5% blood for primary isolation and selected by using selective media mannitol salt agar (MSA) for confirmation the mannitol fermentation, then subjected to gram’s staining, catalase, oxidase, and further slide coagulase test, then all S. aureus isolates tested by antibiotic susceptibility test, and screened for the presence of mecA and mecC genes using PCR for the detection of MRSA isolates, then subjected to the detection of virulence genes (pvl and eta), antibiotic resistance gene (cfr), identification of integron class 1, biofilm formation assay, the multi-druge resistance profiles (MDR) and multible antibiotics resistance (MAR) indexes were calculated. Results: the isolation rate of S. aureus from the broilers' clinical samples was 37.7%. The antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that 85% of S. aureus isolates were resistant to one or more of the antibiotic tested. All 53 isolates were assessed for the presence of mecA and mecC genes by using PCR. The mecA gene-specific PCR product was seen in 7 (35%) isolates and considered as MRSA. Among all S. aureus isolates, two isolates were positive for the eta gene, and 15 (75%) isolates harboring integron class 1, while the biofilm formation test revealed that 7 (35%) was positive biofilm producers and three of them were strong producers, consequentlly, 13 (65%) of the isolates were resisted to three or more antibiotics and considered as MDR strains. While pvl, cfr, and mecC gene were not detected among S. aureus isolates. Conclusion: the current study revealed that S. aureus possess a real threat in the poultry industry reflecting a public health problem due to the large acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes by these bacteria, the results indicated a high percentage of isolates having MDR characteristic, and two of them were resistant to all antibiotics tested. In addition to the presence of two MRSA isolates carrying the eta gene, this indicating that they are of human origin.

Investigation of the antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from gangrenous mastitis of ewes

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osman Tel ◽  
Özkan Aslantaş ◽  
Oktay Keskin ◽  
Ebru Yilmaz ◽  
Cemil Demir
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Potential Virulence Factor ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

In this study,Staphylococcus aureusstrains (n = 110) isolated from seven ewe flocks in Sanliurfa, Turkey were screened for antibiotic resistance and biofilmforming ability as well as for genes associated with antibiotic resistance and biofilm-forming ability. All isolates were found to be susceptible to oxacillin, gentamicin, clindamycin, cefoxitin, tetracycline, vancomycin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin and sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim. The percent proportions of strains resistant to penicillin G, ampicillin and erythromycin were 27.2% (n = 30), 25.4% (n = 28) and 6.3% (n = 7), respectively. Regarding the antibiotic resistance genes, 32 (29%) isolates carried theblaZ and 8 (7.2%) theermC gene. Other resistance genes were not detected in the isolates. All isolates showed biofilm-forming ability on Congo red agar (CRA), while 108 (98.18%) and 101 (91.81%) of them were identified as biofilm producers by the use of standard tube (ST) and microplate (MP) methods, respectively. All isolates carried theicaA andicaD genes but none of them harboured thebapgene. The results demonstrated thatS. aureusisolates from gangrenous mastitis were mainly resistant to penicillins (which are susceptible to the staphylococcal beta-lactamase enzyme), and less frequently to erythromycin. Furthermore, all of theS. aureusisolates produced biofilm which was considered a potential virulence factor in the pathogenesis of staphylococcal mastitis.

Assessing and analysing contamination of a dairy products processing plant byStaphylococcus aureususing antibiotic resistance and PFGE

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1108-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
E C Tondo ◽  
MC M Guimarães ◽  
J AP Henriques ◽  
M AZ Ayub
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Food Handler ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Pfge Analysis ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test

A dairy product processing plant was studied for 2.5 years to examine contamination with Staphylococcus aureus and try to correlate the source of contamination. Cultures were submitted to an antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) and characterised by Pulsed-field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis. Results showed that 35.2% (19/51) of food handlers were asymptomatic carriers of S. aureus, and that 90.4% (19/21) of raw milk sampled was contaminated. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from only 10 samples among more than 3200 investigated dairy products. No S. aureus contamination was found on machinery. The AST analysis demonstrated sensitivity of tested S. aureus to oxacillin, cephalothin, vancomycin, gentamicin, and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. AST analysis generated eight different phenotypic profiles, but did not allow us to identify the source of contamination in seven of ten final products. PFGE analysis proved to be a sensitive method as it generated 42 different DNA banding profiles among the 48 S. aureus investigated, demonstrating a lack of predominance of endemic strains in the plant, contrary to suggestions raised by antibiotic resistance typing. Based on PFGE genotyping, S. aureus strains isolated from four contaminated final products were similar to four S. aureus isolated from raw milk. Five final products contained S. aureus different from all other strains collected, and one showed similarity to a strain isolated from a food handler. These results suggest contamination by raw milk as the main source of contamination of the final dairy products.Key words: Staphylococcus aureus, dairy products, antibiotic susceptibility, PFGE.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp Isolated from Post-weaned Piglet Faeces under Penicillin-streptomycin Combination Therapy (Penstrep®) in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
A. N. T. Koné ◽  
N. K. N’gbesso ◽  
B. K. Guédé ◽  
M. B. Ouattara ◽  
F. K. Konan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Test ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Aim: The current study was aimed at evaluating the antibiotic resistance profile of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp isolated from post-weaned piglets treated with penicillin-streptomycin combination therapy. Study Design:  Bacteriological study. Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of the National Reference Center for antibiotics at Institut Pasteur Côte d’Ivoire, between March 2018 and June 2018. Methodology: Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species were isolated from post weaned piglets stool on Mac Conkey medium added up separately with penicillin, streptomycin and combined penicillin-streptomycin and identified. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using disk diffusion method on Müller-Hinton agar. Results: Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species resistance to penicillin, streptomycin and combined penicillin-streptomycin evaluated, respectively, reached 80.5% (Day 0) to 92.0% (Day 4); 17.0% (Day 0) to 39.9% (Day 4) and 31.3% (Day 0) to 70.9% (Day 4) for piglets treated with Penstrep®. In addition, antibiotic susceptibility test carried out for Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp strains isolated from piglets treated with Penstrep® revealed resistance to amoxicillin for each bacterial species at a rate of 86.0% and 89.0%. Furthermore, control piglets showed lesser resistance to streptomycin (E.coli 31.0% and Klebsiella spp 38.0%) than those treated with the combination therapy Penstrep® (E. coli 73.0% and Klebsiella spp 48.0%). As for netilmicin, imipenem and colistin, no resistance was detected for treated piglets as well as untreated ones. Conclusion: The combination therapy with Penstrep® has increased Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species resistance to antibiotics tested in the current study.

scholarly journals Isolation of Staphylococcus aureus from raw milk of cows at Salah Al -Din province and evaluation of their susceptibility to antibiotic

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (0A) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
نهاد عبدالحسين جعفر
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
The Other ◽  
Susceptibility Test ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test

The study was designed for isolation of Staphylococcus aureus from raw milk of cows at different regions of salah al-din province. A total number of 109 samples were collected form October (2010) to May (2011). The result of study showed that the number of isolates were (14) from (60) positive samples (82.22%). Antibiotic susceptibility test showed different results for susceptibility according to types of antibiotics that used in this study which include the followings: Amoxycillin, Ampicillin, Cefoxetine, Methcillin, Ciprofloxacin, Clavulinic acid and Erythromycin. The results showed that 50% of the isolates were susceptible for Methecillin, Cefoxetine, and Clavulanic acid-Amoxycillin), While Erythromycin was active against (79%) of the isolates, and Ampicillin was active against (57%), on the other hand, all isolates were susceptible to Ciprofloxacin which considered the most effective antibiotic against the bacteria in this study (100%).

scholarly journals Evaluation of Wi-Fi Radiation Effects on Antibiotic Susceptibility, Metabolic Activity and Biofilm Formation by Escherichia Coli O157H7, Staphylococcus Aureus and Staphylococcus Epidermis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
I H Said-Salman ◽  
F A Jebaii ◽  
H H Yusef ◽  
M E Moustafa
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermis

Background: The radiation emitted from electromagnetic fields (EMF) can cause biological effects on prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including non-thermal effects.Objective: The present study evaluated the non-thermal effects of wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) operating at 2.4 GHz part of non-ionizing EMF on different pathogenic bacterial strains (Escherichia coli O157H7, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermis). Antibiotic resistance, motility, metabolic activity and biofilm formation were examined. Materials and Methods: A Wi-Fi router was used as a source of microwaves and also bacterial cells were exposed to Wi-Fi radiation continuously for 24 and 48 hours. The antibiotic susceptibility was carried out using a disc diffusion method on Müller Hinton agar plates. Motility of Escherichia coli O157H7 was conducted on motility agar plates. Cell metabolic activity and biofilm formation were performed using 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and crystal violet quantification, respectively.Results: The exposure to Wi-Fi radiation altered motility and antibiotic susceptibility of Escherichia coli O157H7. However, there was no effect Wi-Fi radiation on antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermis. On the other hand, the exposed cells, as compared to the unexposed control, showed an increased metabolic activity and biofilm formation ability in Escherichia coli O157H7, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermis.Conclusion: These results proposed that Wi-Fi exposure acted on bacteria in stressful manner by increasing antibiotic resistance and motility of Escherichia coli O157H7, as well as enhancing biofilm formation by Escherichia coli O157H7, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermis. The findings may have implications for the management of serious diseases caused by these infectious bacteria.

scholarly journals Aminoglycoside inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation is nutrient dependent

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 861-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle J. Henry-Stanley ◽  
Donavon J. Hess ◽  
Carol L. Wells
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Biofilm Growth

Biofilms represent microbial communities, encased in a self-produced matrix or extracellular polymeric substance. Microbial biofilms are likely responsible for a large proportion of clinically significant infections and the multicellular nature of biofilm existence has been repeatedly associated with antibiotic resistance. Classical in vitro antibiotic-susceptibility testing utilizes artificial growth media and planktonic microbes, but this method may not account for the variability inherent in environments subject to biofilm growth in vivo. Experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that nutrient concentration can modulate the antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Developing S. aureus biofilms initiated on surgical sutures, and in selected experiments planktonic cultures, were incubated for 16 h in 66 % tryptic soy broth, 0.2 % glucose (1× TSBg), supplemented with bactericidal concentrations of gentamicin, streptomycin, ampicillin or vancomycin. In parallel experiments, antibiotics were added to growth medium diluted one-third (1/3× TSBg) or concentrated threefold (3× TSBg). Following incubation, viable bacteria were enumerated from planktonic cultures or suture sonicates, and biofilm biomass was assayed using spectrophotometry. Interestingly, bactericidal concentrations of gentamicin (5 µg gentamicin ml−1) and streptomycin (32 µg streptomycin ml−1) inhibited biofilm formation in samples incubated in 1/3× or 1× TSBg, but not in samples incubated in 3× TSBg. The nutrient dependence of aminoglycoside susceptibility is not only associated with biofilm formation, as planktonic cultures incubated in 3× TSBg in the presence of gentamicin also showed antibiotic resistance. These findings appeared specific for aminoglycosides because biofilm formation was inhibited in all three growth media supplemented with bactericidal concentrations of the cell wall-active antibiotics, ampicillin and vancomycin. Additional experiments showed that the ability of 3× TSBg to overcome the antibacterial effects of gentamicin was associated with decreased uptake of gentamicin by S. aureus. Uptake is known to be decreased at low pH, and the kinetic change in pH of growth medium from biofilms incubated in 5 µg gentamicin ml−1 in the presence of 3× TSBg was decreased when compared with pH determinations from biofilms formed in 1/3× or 1× TSBg. These studies underscore the importance of environmental factors, including nutrient concentration and pH, on the antibiotic susceptibility of S. aureus planktonic and biofilm bacteria.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Evaluation of Mannitol-Based Inhibitors for Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Richard E. Johnsson
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Promising Result ◽  
Susceptibility Test ◽  
Computational Docking ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis ◽  
Potential Inhibitors

Antibiotic resistance is a serious threat against humankind and the need for new therapeutics is crucial. Without working antibiotics, diseases that we thought were extinct will come back. In this paper two new mannitol bisphosphate analogs, 1,6-dideoxy-1,6-diphosphoramidate mannitol and 1,6-dideoxy-1,6-dimethansulfonamide mannitol, have been synthesized and evaluated as potential inhibitors of the enzyme GmhB in the biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharides. 1,6-Dideoxy-1,6-diphosphoramidate mannitol showed promising result in computational docking experiments, but neither phosphate analog showed activity in the Kirby-Bauer antibiotic susceptibility test.

scholarly journals New update on molecular diversity of clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates in Iran: Antimicrobial resistance, adhesion and virulence factors, biofilm formation and SCCmec typing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahtab Tabandeh ◽  
Hami Kaboosi ◽  
Mojtaba Taghizadeh Armaki ◽  
Abazar Pournajaf ◽  
Fatemeh Peyravii Ghadikolaii
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Clonal Selection ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Inducible Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Staphylococcus. aureus is often considered as a potential pathogen and resistant to a wide range of antibiotics. The pathogenicity of this bacterium is due to the presence of multiple virulence factors and ability to form biofilm. SCCmec types I, II and III are mainly attributed to HA-MRSA, while SCCmec types IV and V have usually been reported in CA-MRSA infections. In this study, we performed a cross-sectional study in order to determine the antimicrobial resistance, adhesion and virulence factors, biofilm formation and SCCmec typing of clinical S. aureus isolates in Iran. S. aureus isolate was identified using microbiological standard methods and antibiotic susceptibility test was performed as described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Inducible resistance phenotype and biofilm formation were determined using D-test and tissue culture plate methods, respectively. Multiplex-PCRs were performed to detect adhesion and virulence factors, antibiotic resistance genes, biofilm formation and SCCmec typing by specific primers. Among 143 clinical samples, 67.8% were identified as MRSA. All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin. The prevalence of cMLSB, iMLSB and MS phenotypes were 61.1%, 22.2% and 14.8%, respectively. The TCP method revealed that 71.3% of isolates were able to form biofilm. The predominant virulence and inducible resistance genes in both MRSA and MSSA isolates were related to sea and ermC respectively. SCCmec type III was the predominant type. Data show the high prevalence rates of virulence elements among S. aureus isolates, especially MRSA strains. This result might be attributed to antibiotic pressure, facilitating clonal selection.

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