8. Evaluation of Snow Fungus Polysaccharides on benzo[a]pyrene-induced DNA Damage

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisy Liu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Lung Fibroblasts ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Tremella Fuciformis

Snow fungus, Tremella fuciformis, has been demonstrated to have numerous health benefits including purported chemopreventive properties due to free radical-scavenging ability. Protective effects derived from snow fungus polysaccharides are evaluated on Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (CCL-39) exposed to carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene known to cause free radical formation and oxidative stress to cells. In this experiment, it was hypothesized that the naturally occurring polysaccharides in snow fungus are able to protect against or reduce oxidative stress-induced DNA damage. Polysaccharides were isolated through an alkaline extraction and in-vitro digestion. DNA damage was measured using the single-cell gel electrophoresis comet assay after exposure to benzo[a]pyrene and polysaccharide extract to lung fibroblasts. Results were calculated using the mean and standard deviation data of tail length and area, respectively. Each damaged cell was measured and analyzed through ImageJ Editing Software. The results indicate a promising trend which depict snow fungus polysaccharides yielding lower levels of DNA damage compared to cells exposed to benzo[a]pyrene and compared to the negative control (phosphate buffered saline and Dulbecco’s cell medium). This study suggests polysaccharides from Tremella fuciformis could truly prevent cellular DNA damage by protecting against oxidative stress.

Melatonin chelates iron and binds directly with phenylhydrazine to provide protection against phenylhydrazine induced oxidative damage in red blood cells along with its antioxidant mechanisms: an in vitro study

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudeshna Paul ◽  
Shamreen Naaz ◽  
Arnab Kumar Ghosh ◽  
Sanatan Mishra ◽  
Aindrila Chattopadhyay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Protective Effects

Oxidative stress is an important causative factor for a number of diseases. Phenylhydrazine (PHZ) is a widely accepted model for studying hemolytic anemia by induction of oxidative stress. In the present study, goat red blood cells (RBCs) were incubated in vitro with PHZ (1mM) to generate oxidative stress. To test whether melatonin exhibits protective effects on PHZ induced RBC damage and to explore its potential molecular mechanisms, different concentrations of melatonin (5, 10, 20 and 40 nmoles/ml) were also included. PHZ caused altered profiles on biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidative as well as glucose metabolic enzymes in RBCs. These alterations indicated a development of oxidative stress. Melatonin at a concentration of 40 nmoles/ml provided optimal protection against all alterations induced by PHZ. The important cellular membrane proteins, including spectrin and actin, were also damaged by PHZ and this led to RBC deformation similar to that of observed in severe β-thalassaemia; the RBC deformation was also prevented by melatonin. Binding profiles of melatonin with PHZ and ferrous iron indicated favorable binding of melatonin with both of them, respectively. Thus, in addition to the direct antioxidant and free radical scavenging capability, melatonin also inhibited iron overloading by chelating iron and binding with the PHZ. This action of melatonin further reduces free radical generation. Based on the results, melatonin may provide therapeutic relevance to ß-thalassemia and other hemolytic RBC disorders involving oxidative stress. 

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Antioxidant Properties of Taraxacum officinale in Nω-Nitro-l-Arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME)-Induced Hypertensive Rats

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 309
Author(s):  
Olukayode O. Aremu ◽  
Adebola O. Oyedeji ◽  
Opeoluwa O. Oyedeji ◽  
Benedicta N. Nkeh-Chungag ◽  
Constance R. Sewani Rusike
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Oxidative stress has gained attention as one of the fundamental mechanisms responsible for the development of hypertension. The present study investigated in vitro and in vivo antioxidant effects of 70% ethanol-water (v/v) leaf and root extracts of T. officinale (TOL and TOR, respectively). Total phenolic and flavonoid content of plant extracts were assessed using Folin Ciocalteau and aluminium chloride colorimetric methods; while, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrlhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) protocols were used to determine the free radical scavenging and total antioxidant capacities (TAC), respectively. The in vivo total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde acid (MDA) levels for lipid peroxidation tests were performed on organ homogenate samples from Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertensive rats treated with leaf extract, TOL (500 mg/kg/day) and TOR (500 mg/kg/day) for 21 days. Results showed that compared to TOR, TOL possessed significantly higher (p < 0.01) polyphenol (4.35 ± 0.15 compared to 1.14 ± 0.01) and flavonoid (23.17 ± 0.14 compared to 3 ± 0.05) content; free radical scavenging activity (EC50 0.37 compared to 1.34 mg/mL) and total antioxidant capacities (82.56% compared to 61.54% ABTS, and 156 ± 5.28 compared to 40 ± 0.31 FRAP) and both extracts showed no toxicity (LD50 > 5000 mg/kg). TOL and TOR significantly (p < 0.01) elevated TAC and reduced MDA levels in targets organs. In conclusion, T. officinale leaf extract possesses significant anti-oxidant effects which conferred significant in vivo antioxidant protection against free radical-mediated oxidative stress in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats.

scholarly journals Ethanol Extract of Maclura tricuspidata Fruit Protects SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells against H2O2-Induced Oxidative Damage via Inhibiting MAPK and NF-κB Signaling

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6946
Author(s):  
Weishun Tian ◽  
Suyoung Heo ◽  
Dae-Woon Kim ◽  
In-Shik Kim ◽  
Dongchoon Ahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects

Free radical generation and oxidative stress push forward an immense influence on the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. Maclura tricuspidata fruit (MT) contains many biologically active substances, including compounds with antioxidant properties. The current study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of MT fruit on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. SH-SY5Y cells were pretreated with MT, and cell damage was induced by H2O2. First, the chemical composition and free radical scavenging properties of MT were analyzed. MT attenuated oxidative stress-induced damage in cells based on the assessment of cell viability. The H2O2-induced toxicity caused by ROS production and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was ameliorated by MT pretreatment. MT also promoted an increase in the expression of genes encoding the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). MT pretreatment was associated with an increase in the expression of neuronal genes downregulated by H2O2. Mechanistically, MT dramatically suppressed H2O2-induced Bcl-2 downregulation, Bax upregulation, apoptotic factor caspase-3 activation, Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (JNK, ERK, and p38), and Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation, thereby preventing H2O2-induced neurotoxicity. These results indicate that MT has protective effects against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in SH-SY5Y cells and can be used to prevent and protect against neurodegeneration.

scholarly journals α1-Microglobulin (A1M) Protects Human Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells from Heme-Induced Damage In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Kristiansson ◽  
Sara Davidsson ◽  
Maria E. Johansson ◽  
Sarah Piel ◽  
Eskil Elmér ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Cellular Expression ◽  
Human Proximal Tubule

Oxidative stress is associated with many renal disorders, both acute and chronic, and has also been described to contribute to the disease progression. Therefore, oxidative stress is a potential therapeutic target. The human antioxidant α1-microglobulin (A1M) is a plasma and tissue protein with heme-binding, radical-scavenging and reductase activities. A1M can be internalized by cells, localized to the mitochondria and protect mitochondrial function. Due to its small size, A1M is filtered from the blood into the glomeruli, and taken up by the renal tubular epithelial cells. A1M has previously been described to reduce renal damage in animal models of preeclampsia, radiotherapy and rhabdomyolysis, and is proposed as a pharmacological agent for the treatment of kidney damage. In this paper, we examined the in vitro protective effects of recombinant human A1M (rA1M) in human proximal tubule epithelial cells. Moreover, rA1M was found to protect against heme-induced cell-death both in primary cells (RPTEC) and in a cell-line (HK-2). Expression of stress-related genes was upregulated in both cell cultures in response to heme exposure, as measured by qPCR and confirmed with in situ hybridization in HK-2 cells, whereas co-treatment with rA1M counteracted the upregulation. Mitochondrial respiration, analyzed with the Seahorse extracellular flux analyzer, was compromised following exposure to heme, but preserved by co-treatment with rA1M. Finally, heme addition to RPTE cells induced an upregulation of the endogenous cellular expression of A1M, via activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-pathway. Overall, data suggest that A1M/rA1M protects against stress-induced damage to tubule epithelial cells that, at least partly, can be attributed to maintaining mitochondrial function.

Evaluation of the Potential Cardioprotective Activity of Some Saudi Plants against Doxorubicin Toxicity

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 297-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama M. Ashour ◽  
Ashraf B. Abdel-Naim ◽  
Hossam M. Abdallah ◽  
Ayman A. Nagy ◽  
Ahmed M. Mohamadin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Cordia Myxa

Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline antibiotic widely used as a chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of several tumours. However, its cardiac toxicity limits its use at maximum therapeutic doses. Most studies implicated increased oxidative stress as the major determinant of DOX cardiotoxicity. The local Saudi flora is very rich in a variety of plants of quite known folkloric or traditional medicinal uses. Tribulus macropterus Boiss., Olea europaea L. subsp. africana (Mill.) P. S. Green, Tamarix aphylla (L.) H. Karst., Cynomorium coccineum L., Cordia myxa L., Calligonum comosum L’ Hér, and Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal are Saudi plants known to have antioxidant activities. The aim of the current study was to explore the potential protective effects of methanolic extracts of these seven Saudi plants against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Two plants showed promising cardioprotective potential in the order Calligonum comosum > Cordia myxa. The two plant extracts showed potent in vitro radical scavenging and antioxidant properties. They significantly protected against DOX-induced alterations in cardiac oxidative stress markers (GSH and MDA) and cardiac serum markers (CK-MB and LDH activities). Additionally, histopathological examination indicated a protection against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. In conclusion, C. comosum and C. myxa exerted protective activity against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, which is, at least partly, due to their antioxidant effect

scholarly journals Inhibition of Digestive Enzymes, Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Capacities of Stem Bark Extracts of Coula edulis Baill (Olacaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Eric Beyegue ◽  
Boris G. K. Azantsa ◽  
Angie M-A Mbong ◽  
Julius E. Oben
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Oh Radicals

Prolonged hyperglycemia enhances oxidative stress. Bioactive compounds extracted possess antioxidant, anti-free radical potentials or the ability to reduce blood sugar levels. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant properties of extracts of stem bark of Coula edulis Baill., their abilities to trap free radicals and glucose, as well as their ability to inhibit &alpha;-amylase and invertase activities. In vitro assays were used to test the trapping capacity of extracts on DPPH, ABTS, NO, and OH radicals; to evaluate the antioxidant capacity, the activity of glycosylation and the capacity of inhibition of the activities of &alpha;-amylase and invertase were conducted. Also, phenolic, flavonoid and alkaloid contents of extracts were determined. Results showed that extracts of the stem bark of C. edulis have anti-radical properties. The extracts chelate DPPH, hydroxyl (OH), nitrite oxide (NO), ABTS radicals, and even glucose. The IC50 values varied depending on the nature of the extraction solvent. Ethanolic extract has the highest polyphenolic content (289.12 &plusmn; 30.31 &micro;g catechin equivalent/g), flavonoids (1.12 &plusmn; 0.09 &micro;g quercetin equivalent/g) and alkaloids (5.54 &plusmn; 0.59 &micro;g quinin equivalent/g). The extracts also reduce invertase and &alpha;-amylase activities. C. edulis extracts present strong antioxidant potentials and can be used as a source of natural antioxidants for the prevention of oxidative stress and hyperglycemia.

scholarly journals Extraction Optimization of Galla Turcica Polysaccharides and Determination of Its Antioxidant Activities In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2091176
Author(s):  
Jiangxia Hu ◽  
Jiayu Gao ◽  
Zijun Zhao ◽  
Xiao Yang ◽  
Lan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Ultrasonic Time ◽  
Health Products ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted

Though natural polysaccharides commonly show antioxidant activities, the current research on the isolation of polysaccharides from Galla Turcica and their antioxidant activities still remain as an ongoing challenge. In this work, response surface analysis was employed to optimize an ultrasonic-assisted extraction method for polysaccharides of Galla Turcica. Their antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities were then evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), total antioxidant activity, and iron ion reduction assays. Moreover, the protective effects of polysaccharides of Galla Turcica were determined on human embryonic kidney fibroblast 293 and hepatoma 7721 cells by cell proliferation assay. Overall, the key parameters of Galla Turcica polysaccharides extraction were optimized as crushing degree 100 mesh, ultrasonic time 50 min, and materials–liquid ratio 1:50. The isolated polysaccharides presented dose-dependent antioxidant and free radical scavenging effects in vitro. It also demonstrated an effective protective effect for human cells under oxidative damage. The results firstly determined the antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Galla Turcica, thus providing a new natural resource for future investigation and development of the polysaccharides-based antioxidant drugs, health products, or additives.

scholarly journals Discovering the Health Promoting Potential of Fermented Papaya Preparation—Its Future Perspectives for the Dietary Management of Oxidative Stress During Diabetes

Fermentation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhoti Somanah ◽  
Manish Putteeraj ◽  
Okezie Aruoma ◽  
Theeshan Bahorun
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Senile Dementia ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Protective Effects

The simplistic morphological characteristics of Carica papaya fruit or “pawpaw” should not be the cause for underestimating its potential as a nutraceutical. The market for papaya has been expanding at a staggering rate, partly due to its applicability as a biofortified product, but also due to its phytochemical properties and traditional health benefits. Papaya or formulations of fermented papaya promotion (FPP) display effective free radical scavenging abilities thought to be influenced by its phenolic, carotenoid, flavonoid, or amino acid profile. The antioxidant properties of FPP have been extensively reported in literature to potently target a broad spectrum of free radical-induced diseases ranging from neurological impairments, such as senile dementia, to systemic diseases, to its interference at the cellular level and the support of normal biological ageing processes. FPP has thus been extensively investigated for its ability to exert cellular protective effects and reduce oxidative stress via the mitigation of genetic damage, reduction of lipid peroxidation, and enzymatic inactivation in specific diseases. The focus of this review is to appraise the potential of oxidative stress reduction strategies of FPP and discuss its holistic approach in disease prevention and management, with a particular focus on diabetes and cancer. However, with the current lack of information surrounding its mechanism of action, this review wishes to set the stage and aspire researchers to more profoundly investigate molecular pathways related to how FPP can unequivocally contribute to wellness in an aging population.

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