anodic reaction
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2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 11911
Author(s):  
Prajwal Adiga ◽  
Nathan Doi ◽  
Cindy Wong ◽  
Daniel M. Santosa ◽  
Li-Jung Kuo ◽  
...  

Electrocatalytic water splitting is a possible route to the expanded generation of green hydrogen; however, a long-term challenge is the requirement of fresh water as an electrolyzer feed. The use of seawater as a direct feed for electrolytic hydrogen production would alleviate fresh water needs and potentially open an avenue for locally generated hydrogen from marine hydrokinetic or off-shore power sources. One environmental limitation to seawater electrolysis is the generation of chlorine as a competitive anodic reaction. This work evaluates transition metal (W, Co, Fe, Sn, and Ru) doping of Mn-Mo-based catalysts as a strategy to suppress chlorine evolution while sustaining catalytic efficiency. Electrochemical evaluations in neutral chloride solution and raw seawater showed the promise of a novel Mn-Mo-Ru electrode system for oxygen evolution efficiency and enhanced catalytic activity. Subsequent stability testing in a flowing raw seawater flume highlighted the need for improved catalyst stability for long-term applications of Mn-Mo-Ru catalysts. This work highlights that elements known to be selective toward chlorine evolution in simple oxide form (e.g., RuO2) may display different trends in selectivity when used as isolated dopants, where Ru suppressed chlorine evolution in Mn-based catalysts.


Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3086
Author(s):  
Chuhan Lv ◽  
Xuewei Yang ◽  
Zongkang Wang ◽  
Ming Ying ◽  
Qingguo Han ◽  
...  

This research reveals the improved performance of bioelectrodes made with amination-modified glucose oxidase (GOx-NH2) and carboxyl-functionalized mesoporous carbon (OMC-COOH). Results showed that when applied with 10 mM EDC amination, the functional groups of NH2 were successfully added to GOx, according to the analysis of 1H-NMR, elemental composition, and FTIR spectra. Moreover, after the aminated modification, increased enzyme immobilization (124.01 ± 1.49 mg GOx-NH2/g OMC-COOH; 2.77-fold increase) and enzyme activity (1.17-fold increase) were achieved, compared with those of non-modified GOx. Electrochemical analysis showed that aminated modification enhanced the peak current intensity of Nafion/GOx-NH2/OMC-COOH (1.32-fold increase), with increases in the charge transfer coefficient α (0.54), the apparent electron transfer rate constant ks (2.54 s−1), and the surface coverage Γ (2.91 × 10−9 mol·cm−2). Results showed that GOx-NH2/OMC-COOH exhibited impressive electro-activity and a favorable anodic reaction.


2021 ◽  
pp. 2100134
Author(s):  
Jianjun Tian ◽  
Changsheng Cao ◽  
Dong-Dong Ma ◽  
Shu-Guo Han ◽  
Yingchun He ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-212
Author(s):  
Falah Kaify Matloub

The corrosion of carbon steel in 0.3 and 3% mass hydrochloric acid containing the concentration range 50-800 ppm of Thiourea (Th), Quinoline (Q), Dliethylamine (DEA) and Pyridine (P) were investigated using electrochemical methods. The investigation aims to mention the best organic inhibitor among several compounds to be used in synergic inhibitors. The inhibition efficiencies of thiourea and quinoline are better than pyridine and diethylamine in 0.3 mass% HCl. Thiourea is better than quinoline in 3 mass% HCl and its inhibition efficiency is 83.7%. Generally, the corrosion rate decreases with increasing inhibitors concentration. Diethylamine and pyridine are not effective. The polarization curves indicate that the used inhibitors influenced the cathodic reaction more than the anodic reaction and they are considered as a mixed type inhibitors


2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
S.Ch. Verdiev ◽  
◽  
S.Z. Dzhafarova ◽  
◽  

Polarization studies have shown that the effect of inhibitors containing inorganic oxidants and monoethanolamine reduces the corrosion rate of steel in 3% NaCl. This decrease unambiguously indicates a simultaneous slowing down of the cathodic reduction of molecular oxygen and the anodic reaction of metal ionization. Based on the studies carried out, it was concluded that the developed mixtures function as mixed –type inhibitors


Author(s):  
Zhihua Zhai ◽  
Guixing Jia ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Xiaoting Chen ◽  
Zhonghua Zhang

Increasing energy demand has spurred extensive research on the development of efficient and pollution-free alternative energy conversion and storage technologies. Water oxidation is a critically limiting anodic reaction of electrochemical...


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bae-Jung Kim ◽  
Emiliana Fabbri ◽  
Mario Borlaf ◽  
Daniel F. Abbott ◽  
Ivano E. Castelli ◽  
...  

The members of the perovskite oxide family have been vastly explored for their potential as active electrocatalysts for an efficient anodic reaction (i.e. the oxygen evolution reaction, OER) of the water splitting process.


Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1116
Author(s):  
Hongwei Liu ◽  
Haixian Liu ◽  
Yuxuan Zhang

In this work, the galvanic corrosion behavior of sulfate reducing Desulfotomaculum nigrificans biofilm-covered and uncovered carbon steel was investigated using various electrochemical measurements. The results showed that the bare specimen in the abiotic solution functions as the anode; whereas the biofilm-covered specimen in the SRB-containing solution functions as the cathode after two electrodes being coupled. The anodic reaction of specimen in the biotic solution containing SRB was inhibited; whereas the cathodic reaction was considerably promoted after coupling. Hence, localized corrosion of specimen in the abiotic solution was observed due to the galvanic corrosion effect. SRB could still accelerate steel corrosion even after coupling, but the results indicate that the contribution of SRB to steel corrosion decreased. The localized corrosion of steel in the SRB-containing environments not only involved the SRB biofilm, but also a galvanic corrosion effect. The flow of electrons from the anodic dissolution of Fe in the abiotic solution to the SRB cells of cathodic area decreased the acceptance capacity of electrons by SRB from steel beneath biofilm. As a result, the steel corrosion beneath SRB biofilm decreased after coupling.


The inhibition effectiveness of Alanine - Zn2+ system in scheming deterioration of carbon steel in salt water has been evaluate by mass loss method. The formulation consisting of 250 ppm of Alanine and 25 ppm of Zn2+ has 87% IE. A synergistic effect exists among Alanine and Zn2+. Polarization analysis reveals to facilitate the Alanine - Zn2+ system function as an anodic inhibitor and the formulation controls the anodic reaction mostly. The character of the shielding film on metal shell has been analyzed by AFM analysis.


2020 ◽  
pp. 139-144
Author(s):  
H.O. Postelnyk ◽  
O.V. Sobol’ ◽  
V.A. Stolbovoy ◽  
I.V. Serdiuk ◽  
O. Chocholaty

The structure and properties of vacuum-arc multi-period composite coatings of the MeN/Cu system (where Me is Cr, Zr, and Nb) are studied. It was found that at the smallest nanolayer thickness (about 8…10 nm) of composites in the layers of all systems, only a phase with an fcc lattice is formed, without a pronounced texture in the nitride layers. For ZrN and CrN, the phases with an fcc lattice are equilibrium, and for NbN, they are nonequilibrium. An increase in the thickness of nitride layers leads to the appearance of a texture in ZrN/Cu and CrN/Cu systems and the formation of an equilibrium ε-NbN phase in the layers of the NbN/Cu system. Tests for corrosion resistance in the environment of the formation of chloride ions showed that the coatings are anodic reaction. The best corrosion properties were obtained for coatings with the smallest layer thickness (about 8…10 nm).


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