scholarly journals Total Protein Profile and Drug Resistance in Candida albicans Isolated from Clinical Samples

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal Uddin Zaidi ◽  
Abin Mani ◽  
Vijay Thawani ◽  
Arti Mehra
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Morphological Difference ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Clinical Samples

This study was done to assess the antifungal susceptibility of clinical isolates of Candida albicans and to evaluate its total protein profile based on morphological difference on drug resistance. Hundred and twenty clinical isolates of C. albicans from various clinical specimens were tested for susceptibility against four antifungal agents, namely, fluconazole, itraconazole, amphotericin B, and ketoconazole. A significant increase of drug resistance in clinical isolates of C. albicans was observed. The study showed 50% fluconazole and itraconazole resistance at 32 μg mL−1 with a MIC50 and MIC90 values at 34 and 47 and 36 and 49 μg mL−1, respectively. All isolates were sensitive to amphotericin B and ketoconazole. The SDS-PAGE protein profile showed a prevalent band of ~52.5 kDa, indicating overexpression of gene in 72% strains with fluconazole resistance. Since the opportunistic infections of Candida spp. are increasing along with drug resistance, the total protein profile will help in understanding the evolutionary changes in drug resistance and also to characterize them.

scholarly journals Species Identification andIn VitroAntifungal Susceptibility ofAspergillus terreusSpecies Complex Clinical Isolates from a French Multicenter Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. e02315-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Imbert ◽  
A. C. Normand ◽  
S. Ranque ◽  
J. M. Costa ◽  
J. Guitard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Azole Resistance ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Interesting Alternative

ABSTRACTAspergillussectionTerreiis a species complex currently comprised of 14 cryptic species whose prevalence in clinical samples as well as antifungal susceptibility are poorly known. The aims of this study were to investigateA. Terreiclinical isolates at the species level and to perform antifungal susceptibility analyses by reference and commercial methods. Eighty-two clinicalA. Terreiisolates were collected from 8 French university hospitals. Molecular identification was performed by sequencing parts of beta-tubulin and calmodulin genes. MICs or minimum effective concentrations (MECs) were determined for 8 antifungal drugs using both EUCAST broth microdilution (BMD) methods and concentration gradient strips (CGS). Among the 79A. Terreiisolates,A. terreus stricto sensu(n= 61),A. citrinoterreus(n= 13),A. hortai(n= 3), andA. alabamensis(n= 2) were identified. All strains had MICs of ≥1 mg/liter for amphotericin B, except for two isolates (bothA. hortai) that had MICs of 0.25 mg/liter. FourA. terreusisolates were resistant to at least one azole drug, including one with pan-azole resistance, yet no mutation in theCYP51Agene was found. All strains had low MECs for the three echinocandins. The essential agreements (EAs) between BMD and CGS were >90%, except for those of amphotericin B (79.7%) and itraconazole (73.4%). Isolates belonging to theA. sectionTerreiidentified in clinical samples show wider species diversity beyond the knownA. terreus sensu stricto. Azole resistance inside the sectionTerreiis uncommon and is not related to CYP51A mutations here. Finally, CGS is an interesting alternative for routine antifungal susceptibility testing.

scholarly journals Speciation and antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida isolates in various clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunayana Mukesh Jangla ◽  
Raji Naidu ◽  
Sofia C. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Production Test ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Urease Test

Background: Over the last few years fungal infection rates have increased and a change is seen in their epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility pattern. Hence this study was conducted to learn the distribution of Candida species in various samples and their antifungal susceptibility pattern.Material and Methods: A total of 60Candida isolates were included in the study. Identification was done by colony morphology and Gram stain. Speciation was carried out by Germ-tube test, urease test, chlamydoconidia production test, colony characteristics on chromogenic agar medium, sugar assimilation test,sugar fermentation testand Vitek2 compact(Biomeriux, France) using ID-YST cards. Antifungal testing was done on Vitek2 compact using AST YS01 cards which included fluconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin b, caspofungin, micafungin and flucytosine.Results: 60 Candida isolates were included in this study. Samples from which Candida species were isolated were sputum (45%), urine (33.5%), pus (12%), vaginal swab (5%), endotracheal secretion (1.5%), blood (1.5%) and tissue (1.5%). Isolates from males and females were 30% and 70% respectively. Isolates from geriatric age group (>65 years) and adults (18-65 years) were 52% and 48% respectively. Isolates from samples received from IPD, OPD and ICU were 58%, 34% and 8% respectively. Out of all isolates, Candida albicans was 58%, Candida tropicalis 20%, Candida glabrata 10%, Candida parapsilosis 9% and Candida krusei3%. All Candida species (except Candidaglabrata) showed 100% sensitivity to amphotericin b and caspofungin. Sensitivity to azole group of drugs was 100% among NAC except C. glabrata and C. krusei and more than 90% among C. albicans.Conclusion: Candida albicans was the commonest isolate followed by C. tropicalis among the NAC. Overall also, C. Albicans were predominant as compared to Non albicans Candida (NAC) species. All Candidaisolates except (C. glabrata) showed good sensitivity to all antifungals.

scholarly journals Flow Cytometry Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Pathogenic Yeasts other than Candida albicans and Comparison with the NCCLS Broth Microdilution Test

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 2752-2758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rama Ramani ◽  
Vishnu Chaturvedi
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Nitrogen Base ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

ABSTRACT Candida species other than Candida albicansfrequently cause nosocomial infections in immunocompromised patients. Some of these pathogens have either variable susceptibility patterns or intrinsic resistance against common azoles. The availability of a rapid and reproducible susceptibility-testing method is likely to help in the selection of an appropriate regimen for therapy. A flow cytometry (FC) method was used in the present study for susceptibility testing ofCandida glabrata, Candida guilliermondii,Candida krusei, Candida lusitaniae,Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, andCryptococcus neoformans based on accumulation of the DNA binding dye propidium iodide (PI). The results were compared with MIC results obtained for amphotericin B and fluconazole using the NCCLS broth microdilution method (M27-A). For FC, the yeast inoculum was prepared spectrophotometrically, the drugs were diluted in either RPMI 1640 or yeast nitrogen base containing 1% dextrose, and yeast samples and drug dilutions were incubated with amphotericin B and fluconazole, respectively, for 4 to 6 h. Sodium deoxycholate and PI were added at the end of incubation, and fluorescence was measured with a FACScan flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson). The lowest drug concentration that showed a 50% increase in mean channel fluorescence compared to that of the growth control was designated the MIC. All tests were repeated once. The MICs obtained by FC for all yeast isolates except C. lusitaniae were in very good agreement (within 1 dilution) of the results of the NCCLS broth microdilution method. Paired ttest values were not statistically significant (P = 0.377 for amphotericin B; P = 0.383 for fluconazole). Exceptionally, C. lusitaniae isolates showed higher MICs (2 dilutions or more) than in the corresponding NCCLS broth microdilution method for amphotericin B. Overall, FC antifungal susceptibility testing provided rapid, reproducible results that were statistically comparable to those obtained with the NCCLS method.

scholarly journals Role of Matrix β-1,3 Glucan in Antifungal Resistance of Non-albicans Candida Biofilms

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1918-1920 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Mitchell ◽  
H. T. Taff ◽  
M. A. Cuevas ◽  
E. L. Reinicke ◽  
H. Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Antifungal Drug ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Biofilm Matrix

ABSTRACTCandidabiofilm infections pose an increasing threat in the health care setting due to the drug resistance associated with this lifestyle. Several mechanisms underlie the resistance phenomenon. InCandida albicans, one mechanism involves drug impedance by the biofilm matrix linked to β-1,3 glucan. Here, we show this is important for otherCandidaspp. We identified β-1,3 glucan in the matrix, found that the matrix sequesters antifungal drug, and enhanced antifungal susceptibility with matrix β-1,3 glucan hydrolysis.

scholarly journals Candida albicans isolated from post-operative penetrating keratoplasty patient: Case report

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-119
Author(s):  
Abhishek Chandra ◽  
Munesh Kumar Gupta ◽  
Ragini Tilak
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Penetrating Keratoplasty ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Chlamydospore Formation ◽  
Culture Characteristics

We report a case report of Candida albicans suture infiltrate on 3rd post-op day in a 53 year female operated for penetrating keratoplasty. Candida albicans was identified by KOH mount, Gram Staining, germ tube, growth at 450C, chlamydospore formation and light green color on CHROMagar with sugar assimilation and culture characteristics. Despite being susceptible to Fluconazole by broth microdilution, patient did not respond to 0.3% fluconazole eye drops. On antifungal susceptibility testing by CLSI44A, it was susceptible to only Amphotericin B (100units). Patient was then started on 0.15% fortified amphotericin B eye drops resulting in complete resolution of infiltrates. Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(3) 2014: 116-119 http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i3.8669 

In vitro activity of olorofim against clinical isolates of Scedosporium species and Lomentospora prolificans using EUCAST and CLSI methodologies

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 3582-3585
Author(s):  
Olga Rivero-Menendez ◽  
Manuel Cuenca-Estrella ◽  
Ana Alastruey-Izquierdo
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Scedosporium Apiospermum ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Scedosporium Dehoogii ◽  
Scedosporium Species

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the in vitro activity of olorofim, a new broad-spectrum antifungal with a novel mechanism of action, against a collection of 123 Spanish clinical isolates belonging to five Scedosporium species and Lomentospora prolificans. Methods The activity of olorofim against Scedosporium apiospermum (n = 30), Scedosporium boydii (n = 30), Scedosporium ellipsoideum (n = 10), Scedosporium aurantiacum (n = 20), Scedosporium dehoogii (n = 3) and Lomentospora prolificans (n = 30) was compared with that of amphotericin B, voriconazole, isavuconazole and micafungin by performing EUCAST and CLSI reference methods for antifungal susceptibility testing. Results Amphotericin B and isavuconazole showed MICs ≥2 mg/L for all the species evaluated and voriconazole was moderately active (GM, MIC50 and MIC90 values ≤2 mg/L) against all of them except L. prolificans. Micafungin was effective against S. apiospermum complex strains, but exhibited elevated MECs for S. dehoogii and S. aurantiacum. Olorofim showed low MICs for all the Scedosporium strains tested (GM values were lower than 0.130 and 0.339 by the EUCAST method and the CLSI method, respectively, for all of the species), including those belonging to the MDR species L. prolificans, for which GM values were 0.115 and 0.225 mg/L by the EUCAST method and the CLSI method, respectively, while the GMs for the rest of the antifungals evaluated were higher than 3.732 mg/L using both methodologies. Conclusions Olorofim displayed promising in vitro activity against the Scedosporium and L. prolificans strains tested, some of which have reduced susceptibility to the antifungals that are currently in use.

scholarly journals Polyphasic Identification and Susceptibility to Seven Antifungals of 102 Aspergillus Isolates Recovered from Immunocompromised Hosts in Greece

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 3025-3030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Arabatzis ◽  
Manousos Kambouris ◽  
Miltiades Kyprianou ◽  
Aikaterini Chrysaki ◽  
Maria Foustoukou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Susceptibility Study ◽  
Immunocompromised Hosts

ABSTRACTIn this study, the first such study in Greece, we used polyphasic identification combined with antifungal susceptibility study to analyzeAspergillusclinical isolates comprising 102 common and rare members of sections Fumigati, Flavi, Terrei, Nidulantes, Nigri, Circumdati, Versicolores, and Usti. High amphotericin B MICs (>2 μg/ml) were found for 17.6% of strains. Itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole MICs of >4 μg/ml were shown in 1%, 5%, and 0% of the isolates, respectively. Anidulafungin, micafungin, and caspofungin minimum effective concentrations (MECs) of ≥2 μg/ml were correspondingly recorded for 4%, 9%, and 33%, respectively, of the strains.

scholarly journals Effects of Azole Antifungal Drugs on the Transition from Yeast Cells to Hyphae in Susceptible and Resistant Isolates of the Pathogenic Yeast Candida albicans

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 763-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kien C. Ha ◽  
Theodore C. White
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Pathogenic Yeast ◽  
Oral Infections ◽  
Antifungal Drug Resistance ◽  
Hyphal Formation

ABSTRACT Oral infections caused by the yeast Candida albicansare some of the most frequent and earliest opportunistic infections in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. The widespread use of azole antifungal drugs has led to the development of drug resistance, creating a major problem in the treatment of yeast infections in AIDS patients and other immunocompromised individuals. Several molecular mechanisms that contribute to drug resistance have been identified. InC. albicans, the ability to morphologically switch from yeast cells (blastospores) to filamentous forms (hyphae) is an important virulence factor which contributes to the dissemination ofCandida in host tissues and which promotes infection and invasion. A positive correlation between the level of antifungal drug resistance and the ability to form hyphae in the presence of azole drugs has been identified. Under hypha-inducing conditions in the presence of an azole drug, resistant clinical isolates form hyphae, while susceptible yeast isolates do not. This correlation is observed in a random sample from a population of susceptible and resistant isolates and is independent of the mechanisms of resistance.35S-methionine incorporation suggests that growth inhibition is not sufficient to explain the inhibition of hyphal formation, but it may contribute to this inhibition.

scholarly journals Candida albicans isolated from denture-related stomatitis in elderly patients: Antifungal susceptibility and production of virulence attributes

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourimar Viana Nascimento Franco de Sousa ◽  
Carlos Davi de Oliveira Maia ◽  
Isadora Sousa Carvalho ◽  
Juliano Meireles Prata ◽  
Larissa Carla Rodrigues Arcanjo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Burning Sensation ◽  
Aspartic Protease ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Polystyrene Surface ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Effective Drugs

AbstractDenture-related stomatitis caused by Candida spp. affects elderly individuals using partial/total prosthesis, provoking several discomforts including burning sensation and altered taste. Herein, we have studied 52 denture-wearing individuals (>60 years-old), attended at the dentistry clinic of UNIVALE, aiming to isolate Candida spp. directly from the stomatitis lesions and to evaluate their potential to produce virulence attributes. A low prevalence of denture-related stomatitis was reported in these patients (4/52; 7.7%). Candida albicans was isolated in the 4 selected patients, with the ability to form biofilm over a polystyrene surface and to produce aspartic protease, esterase and hemolysin. However, neither phospholipase nor caseinase activities were detected. Planktonic-growing yeasts were susceptible to amphotericin B and caspofungin, while the susceptibility to azoles (fluconazol, itraconazole and voriconazole) varied depending on either the isolate or antifungal. Relevantly, biofilm-forming C. albicans cells exhibited resistance to all studied antifungals. So, new effective drugs against resistant C. albicans isolates causing denture-related stomatitis are urgently required.

scholarly journals Susceptibility Patterns and Molecular Identification of Trichosporon Species

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 4026-4034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan L. Rodriguez-Tudela ◽  
Teresa M. Diaz-Guerra ◽  
Emilia Mellado ◽  
Virginia Cano ◽  
Cecilia Tapia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Its Sequencing ◽  
Trichosporon Species

ABSTRACT The physiological patterns, the sequence polymorphisms of the internal transcriber spacer (ITS), and intergenic spacer regions (IGS) of the rRNA genes and the antifungal susceptibility profile were evaluated for their ability to identify Trichosporon spp. and their specificity for the identification of 49 clinical isolates of Trichosporon spp. Morphological and biochemical methodologies were unable to differentiate among the Trichosporon species. ITS sequencing was also unable to differentiate several species. However, IGS1 sequencing unambiguously identified all Trichosporon isolates. Following the results of DNA-based identification, Trichosporon asahii was the species most frequently isolated from deep sites (15 of 25 strains; 60%). In the main, other Trichosporon species were recovered from cutaneous samples. The majority of T. asahii, T. faecale, and T. coremiiforme clinical isolates exhibited resistance in vitro to amphotericin B, with geometric mean (GM) MICs >4 μg/ml. The other species of Trichosporon did not show high MICs of amphotericin B, and GM MICs were <1 μg/ml. Azole agents were active in vitro against the majority of clinical strains. The most potent compound in vitro was voriconazole, with a GM MIC ≤0.14 μg/ml. The sequencing of IGS correctly identified Trichosporon isolates; however, this technique is not available in many clinical laboratories, and strains should be dispatched to reference centers where these complex methods are available. Therefore, it seems to be more practical to perform antifungal susceptibility testing of all isolates belonging to Trichosporon spp., since correct identification could take several weeks, delaying the indication of an antifungal agent which exhibits activity against the infectious strain.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document