scholarly journals Do Mechanical and Physicochemical Properties of Orthodontic NiTi Wires Remain Stable In Vivo?

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Sarul ◽  
Małgorzata Rutkowska-Gorczyca ◽  
Jerzy Detyna ◽  
Anna Zięty ◽  
Maciej Kawala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Influence ◽  
Nanoindentation Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Niti Wires

Introduction and Aim.Exceptional properties of the NiTi archwires may be jeopardized by the oral cavity; thus its long-term effect on the mechanical and physiochemical properties of NiTi archwires was the aim of work.Material and Methods. Study group comprised sixty 0.016×0.022 NiTi archwires from the same manufacturer evaluated (group A) after the first 12 weeks of orthodontic treatment. 30 mm long pieces cut off from each wire prior to insertion formed the control group B. Obeying the strict rules of randomization, all samples were subjected to microscopic evaluation and nanoindentation test.Results.Both groups displayed substantial presence of nonmetallic inclusions. Heterogeneity of the structure and its alteration after usage were found in groups B and A, respectively.Conclusions.Long-term, reliable prediction of biomechanics of NiTi wires in vivo is impossible, especially new archwires from the same vendor display different physiochemical properties. Moreover, manufacturers have to decrease contamination in the production process in order to minimize risk of mutual negative influence of nickel-titanium archwires and oral environment.

scholarly journals A Prospective Randomized Trial to Assess the Antireflux Effect of Antireflux Mucosectomy in the Porcine Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Xuan Li ◽  
Weifeng Zhang ◽  
Meihong Chen ◽  
Shuchun Wei ◽  
Xiangyang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ◽  
Proton Pump Inhibitor ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Gastroesophageal Junction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Potential Efficacy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background. Both long-term proton pump inhibitor use and surgical fundoplication have potential drawbacks as treatments for chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Our aim was to investigate the potential efficacy of antireflux mucosectomy (ARMS) in porcine and determine the optimal circumference of resection in relation to gastroesophageal junction (GEJ). Methods. Nine pigs were allocated into the following 3 groups by computerized randomization: group A: control, group B: 1/3 circumference of the esophagus, and group C: 2/3 circumference of the esophagus. We performed mucosectomy with a crescentic mucosal resection at 3 cm above the GEJ and 1 cm below the GEJ. The animals were kept on a liquid diet for 24 h prior to endoscopy. At 6 weeks, animals underwent esophagoscopy, barium radiography, gastric yield pressure (GYP), and gastric yield volume (GYV) determination. Results. The weight of swines has no significant difference, and all pigs had maintained their weight after the procedure. We both found scar formation at the GEJ in group B and C. Compared with group A and B, group C produced significantly higher GYP (24.23±3.42 mmHg, p=0.004) and significantly smaller GYV (2200.0±238.96 mL, p=0.028) after 6 weeks. Barium radiography showed that the width of the cardia was narrower (13.73±1.19 mm, p=0.032) in group C after 6-week postprocedure. Conclusion. Our study demonstrated the potential antireflux effect of ARMS. We also recommend the 2/3 circumference resection of mucosa at 3 cm distance from the GEJ.

scholarly journals In Vivo Comparison of Ultimate Tensile Strength of Nickel-Titanium Aligning Archwires Exposed to Fluoridated Mouthwash

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Pasupureddi Keerthana ◽  
Prasad Chitra ◽  
Puneeth S B ◽  
LS Lokesh Janardhanam
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Oxide ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Group B ◽  
Niti Wires

Introduction: Orthodontists usually prescribe fluoridated mouthwash to their patients to mitigate risk of dental caries. These mouthwashes may alter the mechanical properties of archwires by dissolving the protective oxide-layer. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of fluoridated mouthwash on ultimate tensile strength of NiTi wires after three months of intra-oral use. Materials & Method: Sixty 0.014” (0.36mm) Nickel-titanium (NiTi) wires (Ormco Corp, Glendora, USA) were divided into three groups: Group A: as-received archwires serving as controls, Group B: intra-oral used wires exposed to placebo mouthwash and Group C: intra-oral used wires exposed to fluoridated mouthwash for a period of 3 months. Each wire was subjected to tensile testing using a table-top tensile testing apparatus. Ultimate tensile strength data was analysed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey testing at the 0.05 level of significance. Result: Results showed that amongst tested wires, those exposed to fluoridated mouthwash had least tensile strength (79.45 ± 1.33 N) as compared to wires exposed to placebo mouthwash (99.95 ± 0.91 N) and those in the control group (117.69 ± 0.66 N). The results were statistically significant at p <0.001. Conclusion: Ultimate tensile strength was least for wires exposed to fluoridated mouthwashes for a period of 3 months. Non-fluoridated mouthwashes can be used during the initial phase of leveling and aligning with NiTi wires.

scholarly journals Is Autologous or Heterologous Pericardium Better for Valvuloplasty? A Comparative Study of Calcification Propensity

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Jian Jiang ◽  
Yong-Chao Cui ◽  
Jin-Hua Li ◽  
Xiu-Hui Zhang ◽  
Huan-Huan Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Content ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Autologous Pericardium ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Pericardial Calcification ◽  
Group D ◽  
Collagenous Fibers

Pericardial calcification is detrimental to the long-term durability of valvuloplasty. However, whether calcification susceptibility differs between heterologous and autologous pericardium is unclear. In this study, we compared the progression of calcification in vivo between autologous and heterologous pericardium. We randomly divided 28 rabbits into 4 equal groups. Resected rabbit pericardium served as autologous pericardium, and commercial bovine pericardium served as heterologous pericardium. We subcutaneously embedded one of each pericardial patch in the abdominal walls of 21 of the rabbits. The 7 control rabbits (group A) received no implants. The embedded samples were removed at 2 months in group B, at 4 months in group C, and at 6 months in group D. Each collected sample was divided into 2 parts, one for calcium-content measurement by means of atomic-absorption spectroscopy, and one for morphologic and histopathologic examinations. When compared with the autologous pericardium, calcium levels in the heterologous pericardium were higher in groups B, C, and D (P &lt;0.0001, P &lt;0.0002, and P &lt;0.0006, respectively). As embedding time increased, calcium levels in the heterologous pericardium increased faster than those in the autologous, especially in group D. Disorganized arrangements of collagenous fibers, marked calculus, and ossification were seen in the heterologous pericardium. Inflammatory cells—mainly lymphocytes and small numbers of macrophages—infiltrated the heterologous pericardium. The autologous pericardium showed a stronger ability to resist calcification. Our results indicate that autologous pericardium might be a relatively better choice for valvuloplasty.

scholarly journals The Effect of Apigenin on Pharmacokinetics of Imatinib and Its Metabolite N-Desmethyl Imatinib in Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian-yun Liu ◽  
Tao Xu ◽  
Wan-shu Li ◽  
Jun Luo ◽  
Pei-wu Geng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Short Term Study ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of apigenin on the pharmacokinetics of imatinib and N-desmethyl imatinib in rats. Healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: A group (the control group), B group (the long-term administration of 165 mg/kg apigenin for 15 days), C group (a single dose of 165 mg/kg apigenin), and D group (a single dose of 252 mg/kg apigenin). The serum concentrations of imatinib and N-desmethyl imatinib were measured by HPLC, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using DAS 3.0 software. The parameters ofAUC(0-t),AUC(0−∞),Tmax,Vz/F, andCLz/Ffor imatinib in group B were different from those in group A (P<0.05). Besides,MRT(0−t)andMRT(0−∞)in groups C and D differed distinctly from those in group A as well. The parameters ofAUC(0-t)andCmaxfor N-desmethyl imatinib in group C were significantly lower than those in group A (P<0.05); however, compared with groups B and D, the magnitude of effect was modest. Those results indicated that apigenin in the short-term study inhibited the metabolism of imatinib and its metabolite N-desmethyl imatinib, while in the long-term study the metabolism could be accelerated.

Evaluation of the Effect of Ozonated Plant Oils on the Quality of Osseointegration of Dental Implants Under the Influence of Cyclosporin A: An In Vivo Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amany A. El Hadary ◽  
Hala H. Yassin ◽  
Sameh T. Mekhemer ◽  
Julian C. Holmes ◽  
Martin Grootveld
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Cyclosporin A ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Immunosuppressive Agents ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Immunosuppressive agents have been recognized as factors that induce changes and modifications in bone metabolism. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of ozonated plant extracts (herein termed ozonated oil) under the influence of Cyclosporin A (CsA) on osseointegration. A total of 20 dental implants were placed in 20 rabbit tibiae assigned to Group A or B. CsA was injected at an immunosuppressive dose in Groups A and B as a single-dose treatment. At the day of surgery, Group A received a single topical ozonated oil treatment (0.55 mL) around dental implants; Group B, the control group, received no ozonated oil. Animals were sacrificed after 8 weeks. Radiographs were obtained at implant surgery and on the day of sacrifice. Bone quality was compared between the 2 groups. Radiographically, osseointegration was microscopically evaluated using scanning electron and light microscopies. In ozonated Group A specimens, light microscopic examination demonstrated evidence of more organized mature bone compared with Group B. Within the limits of this study, the results suggest that short-term administration of CsA, when administered with topical ozonated oil, may influence bone density and the quality of dental implant osseointegration. Therefore, topically applied ozonated oil may influence bone density and the quality of osseointegration around dental implants.

scholarly journals The Effect of Coconut Oil pulling on Streptococcus mutans Count in Saliva in Comparison with Chlorhexidine Mouthwash

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshni LNU ◽  
Mamta Kaushik ◽  
Pallavi Reddy ◽  
Pooja Udameshi ◽  
Neha Mehra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

ABSTRACT Objectives Oil pulling is an age-old practice that has gained modern popularity in promoting oral and systemic health. The scientific verification for this practice is insufficient. Thus, this study evaluated the effect of coconut oil pulling on the count of Streptococcus mutans in saliva and to compare its efficacy with that of Chlorhexidine mouthwash: in vivo. The null hypothesis was that coconut oil pulling has no effect on the bacterial count in saliva. Materials and methods A randomized controlled study was planned and 60 subjects were selected. The subjects were divided into three groups, Group A: Study Group: Oil pulling, Group B: Study Group: Chlorhexidine, and Group C: Control Group: Distilled water. Group A subjects rinsed mouth with 10 ml of coconut oil for 10 minutes. Group B subjects rinsed mouth with 5 ml Chlorhexidine mouthwash for 1 minute and Group C with 5 ml distilled water for 1 minute in the morning before brushing. Saliva samples were collected and cultured on 1st day and after 2 weeks from all subjects. Colonies were counted to compare the efficacy of coconut oil and Chlorhexidine with distilled water. Results Statistically significant reduction in S. mutans count was seen in both the coconut oil pulling and Chlorhexidine group. Conclusion Oil pulling can be explored as a safe and effective alternative to Chlorhexidine. Clinical significance Edible oil-pulling therapy is natural, safe and has no side effects. Hence, it can be considered as a preventive therapy at home to maintain oral hygiene. How to cite this article Kaushik M, Reddy P, Roshni, Udameshi P, Mehra N, Marwaha A. The Effect of Coconut Oil pulling on Streptococcus mutans Count in Saliva in Comparison with Chlorhexidine Mouthwash. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(1):38-41.

scholarly journals In vivo evaluation of the virucidal efficacy of Chlorhexidine and Povidone-iodine mouthwashes against salivary SARS-CoV-2.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rola ElZein ◽  
fadi Abdel Sater ◽  
Soha Fakhreddine ◽  
Pierre Abi Hanna ◽  
Rita Feghali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Ct Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Virucidal Efficacy

Abstract Background. The oral cavity is potentially high-risk transmitter of COVID-19. Antimicrobial mouthrinses are used in many clinical pre procedural situations for prophylactic purposes. An evident-based investigation for an effective mouthwash solution against salivary SARS-CoV-2 is urgently required for the exposure reduction during dental procedures. Aims. This study aimed to evaluate in vivo virucidal efficacy of 2 mouthwashes: 1% Povidone-iodine and 0.2% Chlorhexidine as a dental preprocedural oral disinfection against salivary SARS-CoV-2. Materials and Methods. In this randomized-controlled clinical trial, studied group comprised laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 positive patients through nasopharyngeal swabs. Participants were divided into 3 groups. For 30 seconds, group A gargled with 1% Povidone-iodine, group B mouthrinsed with 0.2% Chlorhexidine and control group C mouthrinsed with distilled water. Saliva samples were collected before and 5 minutes after mouthwash. SARS-CoV-2 rRT-PCR was then performed for each sample. Evaluation of the efficacy was based on difference in Ct value. The analysis of data was carried out using GraphPad Prism version 5 for Windows. Paired t test and unpaired t test were used. A probability value of less than 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Results. Sixty-one compliant participants (36 female and 25 male) with a mean age 45.3 plusmn 16.7 years-old were enrolled. A significant mean Ct value difference (p < 0.0001) between the paired samples in group A (n = 25) and also in group B (n = 27) (p < 0.0001) was found. In contrast, no significant difference (p = 0.566) existed before and after the experiment in the control group C (n = 9). Moreover, a significant difference was noted between the delta Ct of distilled water wash and each of the 2 solutions 1 % Povidone-iodine (p = 0.012) and Chlorhexidine 0.2% (p = 0.0024). No significant difference was found between the delta Ct of patients using 1% Povidone-iodine and Chlorhexidine 0.2% solutions (p = 0.24). Conclusion. Chlorhexidine 0.2% and 1% Povidone-iodine oral solutions are effective preprocedural mouthwashes against salivary SARS-COV-2 in dental treatments. Their use as a preventive strategy to reduce the spread of COVID-19 during dental practice should be systematically implemented.

322 INDUCTION OF SUPEROVULATION IN PROESTRUS DOGS USING SERUM GONADOTROPIN OF PREGNANT MARES AND HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
K. S. Park ◽  
K. J. Kim ◽  
S. A. Choi ◽  
J. H. Lee ◽  
E. Y. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Physiology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Several factors influence the limited application of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) in the canine species. Most problems arise because of the complex nature of reproductive physiology of the dog. For example, dogs are monoestrus, generally exhibiting oestrus only once every 6 month to 1 year. In the canine species, there has been little research on the ART because of difficulties associated with anatomy and reproductive physiology. Because in vitro maturation of canine oocytes has been particularly difficult, in vivo matured oocytes have been used in somatic cell nuclear transfer. However, the number of oocytes that can be obtained using this approach is limited, with ∼6 to 10 good oocytes being obtained per collection. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of different dosages of eCG on folliculogenesis in the dog and to determine the number of oocytes that might be obtained after ovulation. The experimental design involved 3 groups that were treated with different dosages of eCG at the early stage of proestrus; Group A was a nontreatment (control) group, Group B received 200-IU eCG SC injections every day, and Group C was injected with 500 IU of eCG every 2 days until reaching 2 to 3 ng mL–1 serum progesterone concentration, respectively. Dogs in Groups B and C received a 1 000-IU hCG SC injection when progesterone concentrations reached 2 to 3 ng mL–1. The serum progesterone concentration was examined with a Radioimmunoassay Kit (Diagnostic Systems Laboratories Inc., Webster, TX, USA). The day of ovulation was considered as the day when serum progesterone concentration reached 4.0 to 7.2 ng mL–1. Approximately 70 to 76 h after ovulation, the dogs were subjected to the oocyte collection procedure. One-way ANOVA followed by Duncan’s multiple range tests was performed. The significance level was <0.05. In total, 446 oocytes were recovered from 60 bitches, with an average of 6.4 oocytes/dog in Group A (from 49 bitches), 16.6 oocytes/dog in Group B (from 5 bitches), and 8.5 oocytes/dog in Group C (from 6 bitches). The oocytes collection rate (number of oocytes per dog) in Group B was higher (P < 0.05) than those in the other 2 groups. In conclusion, the results showed that eCG treatment with hCG in early-proestrus-stage bitches can result in a greater number of recovered in vivo matured oocytes. This technology could become a useful research tool for canine cloning and ART.

scholarly journals Use of the amniotic membrane to cover the peritoneal cavity in the reconstruction of the abdominal wall with polypropylene mesh in rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Calvão Barbuto ◽  
Ivana Duval de Araujo ◽  
Daniel de Oliveira Bonomi ◽  
Luciene Simões de Assis Tafuri ◽  
Antônio Calvão Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Amniotic Membrane ◽  
Polypropylene Mesh ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Angiogenic Activity ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the efficacy of the amniotic membrane used with polypropylene mesh against the formation of adhesions and its influence on healing. METHODS: twenty five female Wistar rats were anesthetized for creating a parietal defect in the anterior abdominal wall. Its correction was made with polypropylene mesh alone and associated with amniotic membrane. In the control group (n=11), the screen was inserted alone. In group A (n=7) we interposed the amniotic membrane between the screen and the abdominal wall. In group B, the amniotic membrane was placed on the mesh, covering it. After seven days, the animals were euthanized for macroscopic and microscopic evaluation of healing. RESULTS: adhesions were observed in all animals except one in the control group. Severe inflammation was observed in all animals in groups A and B and in three of the control group, with significant difference between them (A and B with p=0.01). Pronounced angiogenic activity was noted in one animal in the control group, six in group A and four in group B, with a significant difference between the control group and group A (p=0.002) and group B (p=0.05). The scar collagen was predominantly mature, except in five animals of the control group, with significant difference between the control group and group A (p=0.05) and group B (p=0.05). CONCLUSION: The amniotic membrane did not alter the formation of adhesions in the first postoperative week. There were also pronounced inflammation, high angiogenic activity and predominance of mature collagen fibers, regardless of the anatomical plane that it was inserted in.

Effect of water glass coating of tricalcium phosphate granules on in vivo bone formation

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 662-672
Author(s):  
Seung Min Ryu ◽  
Myun Whan Ahn ◽  
Chul Hyun Park ◽  
Gun Woo Lee ◽  
In Hwan Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Bone Substitute ◽  
Water Glass ◽  
Cylindrical Tube ◽  
Control Group ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background Recently, some authors introduced a water glass (WG, sodium-silicate glass; Na2O·SiO2·nH2O) coating over tricalcium phosphate (TCP) bioceramic to modulate its resorption rate and enhance the bone cell behaviors. In this study, four different types of granular samples were prepared to evaluate the ability of new bone formation in vivo using micro-computed tomography and histology. Methods Four types sample groups: group A (pure HA as a negative resorption control); group B (pure TCP as a positive resorption control); group C (WG-coated TCP as an early resorption model); and group D (same as group C but heat-treated at 500°C as a delayed resorption model). Cylindrical tube-type carriers with holes were fabricated with HA by extrusion and sintering. Each carrier was filled densely with each granular sample. Four types of tubes were implanted into the medial femoral condyle and medial tibial condyle of New Zealand White rabbits. Results The HA group (A) showed the lowest amount of new bone formation. All the TCP sample groups (B, C, and D) showed more new bone formation. On the other hand, among the TCP groups, group C (early resorption model) showed slightly more bone formation. The amount of residual bioceramics was most abundant in the HA group (A). All the TCP sample groups showed less residual bioceramics than group A. Among the TCP groups, group C showed slightly more residual bioceramics. Group B showed the lowest amount of residual bioceramics. Conclusions The WG-coated TCP sample (group C) is the best bone substitute candidate because of its proper biodegradation rate and the Si ions release because the WG-coated layer reduces the material resorption and enhances the new bone formation. That is, the WG-coated TCP is believed to be the best material for the application of an artificial bone substitute material.

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