scholarly journals The GenusPhyllanthus: An Ethnopharmacological, Phytochemical, and Pharmacological Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Mao ◽  
Ling-Fang Wu ◽  
Hong-Ling Guo ◽  
Wen-Jing Chen ◽  
Ya-Ping Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Disease ◽  
Renal Calculus ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Traditional Uses ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Leading Compounds ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

The plants of the genusPhyllanthus(Euphorbiaceae) have been used as traditional medicinal materials for a long time in China, India, Brazil, and the Southeast Asian countries. They can be used for the treatment of digestive disease, jaundice, and renal calculus. This review discusses the ethnopharmacological, phytochemical, and pharmacological studies ofPhyllanthusover the past few decades. More than 510 compounds have been isolated, the majority of which are lignins, triterpenoids, flavonoids, and tannins. The researches of their remarkable antiviral, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anticancer activities have become hot topics. More pharmacological screenings and phytochemical investigations are required to support the traditional uses and develop leading compounds.

Recent Economic Trends in Sri Lanka

1983 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Hooley
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Open Economy ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Small Open Economy ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

While Sri Lanka is geographically closer to India, there are greater similarities in economic structure with many Southeast Asian countries. Sri Lanka is a small open economy. Foreign trade has always played a pivotal role in the functioning of the economy. Politically the country has exhibited a preference for democratic parliamentary forms of government, which are compatible with an underlying cultural individualism. There are important differences, however, in both the tempo and direction of economic growth over the past two decades, and these differences, along with the underlying policy strategies that produced them, are potentially instructive in any consideration of economic performance in the region.

scholarly journals Batik Patterns in the South of Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The South ◽  
The Past ◽  
Social Events ◽  
National Heritage ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Ways Of Life ◽  
Over Time

“Batik” or “Pateh” is an important cloth in the south of Thailand. Its unique features such as pattern, colour, and production process make Batik different from other cloth in the other part of Thailand. Traditionally, Batik was originated in Indonesia and India where people used paraffin wax as a dye-resist paint. It was also reported that other Asian countries such as Japan and India made Batik fabric in their country. In Thailand, local people in the south made their clothes from Batik fabric and wore them in daily life or during special social events. They designed pattern and applied wax-resist dyeing by hand or blocks on the fabric to create colourful and creative designs. Batik is a cultural identity of the south of Thailand. The study found that the process of creating pattern and colour for Batik was used a long time ago. In the past, artisans primarily employed wooden molds or blocks and wax to create patterns. Through the accumulation of knowledge and experience over time, the development of metal blocks makes Batik’s patterns more delicate and vivid. In addition, the research aimed to study about Batik pattern in the southern provinces of Thailand.It can be said that Batik is a uniquely beautiful fabric that should be collected as a national heritage and for the future study of this fabric. The study of Batik pattern in the south revealed that former patterns simply used basic geometric shapes such as lines, squares, and circles. Then, these patterns have been developed by integrating rhythms and spaces to create more distinctive and delicate designs. Moreover, the patterns of Batik in the south were inspired by nature, religious beliefs, and ways of life. Warm tone colours such as red, brown, yellow and cool tone colours such as blue and green were employed. It was also found that the materials used in the past were primarily from plants and nature. Nowadays, artificial colors are also used because they allow vivid and durable effects.

scholarly journals Using recent baselines as benchmarks for megafauna restoration places an unfair burden on the Global South

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Monsarrat ◽  
Jens-Christian Svenning
Keyword(s):  
Global South ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Political Capacity ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Conservation Funding ◽  
Global North ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

AbstractThe potential for megafauna restoration is unevenly distributed across the world, along with the socio-political capacity of countries to support these restoration initiatives. We show that choosing a recent baseline to identify species’ indigenous range puts a higher burden for megafauna restoration on countries in the Global South, which also have less capacity to support these restoration initiatives. We introduce the Megafauna Index, which considers large mammal’s potential species richness and range area at country-level, to explore how the responsibility for megafauna restoration distributes across the world according to four scenarios using various temporal benchmarks to define species’ indigenous range – current, historical (1500AD), mid-Holocene and Pleistocene. We test how the distribution of restoration burden across the world correlates to indicators of conservation funding, human development, and governance. Using a recent or historical baseline as a benchmark for restoration puts a higher pressure on African and southeast Asian countries while lifting the responsibility from the Global North, where extinctions happened a long time ago. When using a mid-Holocene or Pleistocene baseline, new opportunities arise for megafauna restoration in Europe and North America respectively, where countries have a higher financial and societal capacity to support megafauna restoration. These results contribute to the debate around benchmarks in rewilding initiatives and the ethical implications of using recent baselines to guide restoration efforts. We suggest that countries from the Global North should reflect on their responsibility in supporting global restoration efforts, by increasing their support for capacity building in the South and taking responsibility for restoring lost biodiversity at home.

Suicide Attempt and Associated Factors Among Adolescents in Five Southeast Asian Countries in 2015

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supa Pengpid ◽  
Karl Peltzer
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Parental Support ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Soft Drink Consumption ◽  
The Past ◽  
Timor Leste ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

Abstract. Background: Suicide is a major cause of death among adolescents. Aims: The study aimed to report on the prevalence and correlates of suicide attempt among in-school adolescents in five Southeast Asian countries. Method: Cross-sectional data from the 2015 Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS) included 33,004 middle-school children (mean age = 14.3 years, SD = 1.6) that were representative of all students in secondary school in Indonesia, Laos, Philippines, Thailand, and Timor-Leste. Results: The overall prevalence of past 12-month suicide attempt was 9.0%, ranging from 3.9% in Indonesia to 16.2% in the Philippines. Among those with a suicide attempt in the past 12 months, almost half (49.0%) had suicidal ideation and 47.7% had a suicide plan in the past 12 months. In adjusted Poisson regression analysis, female gender, residing in Laos, Philippines, Thailand, and Timor-Leste, no close friends, loneliness, anxiety, bullying victimization, physical attack, lack of parental support, lack of peer support, current alcohol use, lifetime cannabis use, lifetime amphetamine use, soft drink consumption, truancy, and injury were associated with suicide attempt. Limitations: The correlational nature of the study limits the implications of the findings. Conclusion: Almost one in 10 students had attempted suicide in the past 12 months and several factors associated with suicide attempt were identified among adolescents in five Southeast Asian countries.

scholarly journals Between Fear and Hope: Belt and Road Initiative in Southeast Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 2050003
Author(s):  
Cahyo Pamungkas ◽  
Saiful Hakam ◽  
Devi Tri Indriasari
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Chinese Investment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

This paper aims to describe the reason of China to change its governance of investment mainly the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in Southeast Asia. Although many countries in this region need huge investment to improve and build their infrastructure as well as infrastructure’s connectivity between countries, there is some fear involving China’s investment in the past. These are unintended consequences of China’s investment on environmental, social, and debt-trap in certain poor countries. Nevertheless, there is still hope for better Chinese investment such as consideration of local people’s aspirations and more transparency. At the regional level, the BRI can synergize with local connectivity initiatives, such as the Master Plan on ASEAN Connectivity (MPAC) and Indonesia’s Global Maritime Fulcrum, and encourage the integration of the ASEAN Economic Community. Different from the previous studies, this paper also uses the historical approach by learning the relation between China and Southeast Asian countries in the past. Our argument is Southeast Asian countries do not need to fear Chinese economic expansions based on history that China is not a political threat in the region. However, China should change the governance of BRI to accommodate the interest of people in Southeast Asian countries.

scholarly journals Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Bauhinia racemosa Lam.: a comprehensive review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Prabhu ◽  
S. Vijayakumar ◽  
Raju Ramasubbu ◽  
P. K. Praseetha ◽  
K. Karthikeyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South India ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Traditional Uses ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Ancient Times

Abstract Background Bauhinia racemosa is not familiarly known in Asian countries due to its limited existence and lack of medicinal information. It is commonly used as a medicine, ornamental plant, fence plant, and fodder for livestock since ancient times. It is also used as a landfill tree to avoid soil erosion of the forest. Main body In South India, people cultivate this plant in their premises in order to protect themselves from the effects of thunder. In this review, the various research prospects of this plant have been analyzed and are summarized. The aim of this review is to provide the traditional uses, phytochemicals and pharmacological activities of B. racemosa, and to highlight the current pharmacological developments of this medicinal plant. Conclusions The B. racemosa has immense therapeutic potential for treating diseases with both traditional and pharmacological applications. But many traditional uses of B. racemosa have not been validated by current investigations in the aspects of pharmaceutical. Until now, research on phyto-constituents from B. racemosa has not been done in an extensive way. Hence, the identified phytochemicals of B. racemosa should also be subjected to pharmacological studies to illuminate the biological mechanisms of these unreported secondary metabolites for the prevention of diseases or microbial infections and other health disorders of human and animal races.

ASEAN and China Commercial Disputes Settlement: Reflections on Regional Commerce, Belt & Road Initiative and Beyond

2020 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 2050007
Author(s):  
Steve Ngo
Keyword(s):  
Asian Countries ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
International Commerce ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global Commerce ◽  
Resolution System ◽  
To Come ◽  
Dispute Resolution System ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

ASEAN, comprising of 10 Southeast Asian countries, is experiencing economic prosperity and rise as an important global commerce bloc in recent years. With its historical links with and proximity to China, it has been deepening economic activities in contemporary times, enjoying substantial mutual benefits. The foundation of international commerce and trade is a solid transnational dispute resolution system that can promote further economic development. This paper discusses the past and present perspectives of ASEAN–China equation as well as reflects on the trend to come.

scholarly journals Bridging Hmong/Miao, Extending Miaojiang: Divided Space, Translocal Contacts, and the Imagination of Hmongland

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Weidong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Southwest China ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
The Other ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

AbstractOver the past several decades, the Hmong communities scattered around the world and their co-ethnic Miao ethnic group in China came into close contact. This paper explores the nature and dynamics of this encounter as well as the connections and ties that have been rediscovered and reestablished between the Hmong in diaspora and the Miao in China, two groups long separated by time and distance, and the impact and implications this entails. Based on three-month fieldwork in the Hmong/Miao communities across Southwest China and Southeast Asia, this paper examines the ever increasing movement of people and materials, as well as symbolic flows on the one hand, and connections and linkages between different localities on the other hand. It discusses how this new fast-changing development contributes to a new translocal imagination of Hmong community, re-territorialization of a new continuous Hmong space, a Hmongland encompassing Southwest provinces of China and northern part of Southeast Asian countries, and what it means to the Hmong/Miao people in the region. It further discusses how the emerging translocal imagination of the Hmong/Miao community will produce unique translocal subjects and how it interacts with the nation-states they belong to.

scholarly journals Experiences of Religious Pluralism in Thailand: Lessons for Southeast Asian Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
Montri Kunphoommarl
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Religious Pluralism ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Social And Cultural Capital ◽  
The Past ◽  
Thai People ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

This paper used the historical approach to overview the patterns and practices of religious pluralism in Thai context. The past research work on religious pluralism will be examined in order to find out what concepts and approaches have been used and how they could implement in reality. Most Thai people practice in Buddhism, and they do not have any conflicts with other Thai Muslims or Christian. They live peacefully and harmoniously in co-existence among different religious adherents. The case of Thai Buddhist and Thai Muslim live together happily in the Southern communities will be employed and discussed using social and cultural capital analytical approach. The factors and conditions concerning with religious pluralism are analyzed more in details. The applications of religious pluralism in the study to other Southeast Asian countries will also recommend.

scholarly journals Long-run Determinants of Private Saving Behaviour in Pakistan

1995 ◽  
Vol 34 (4III) ◽  
pp. 1057-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aasim M. Husain
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Domestic Saving ◽  
Domestic Investment ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Private Saving ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

Compared to the rapidly-growing economies of Southeast Asia, the growth performance of the Pakistan economy was significantly weaker during the 1970s and 1980s. While the Southeast Asian countries made substantial progress in improving living standards, the average standard of living, as measured by the GNP per capita, was virtually stagnant in Pakistan over this period. Much of the difference in economic performance between Pakistan and the Southeast Asian countries is often attributed to the low rates of saving and investment in Pakistan.1 Indeed, the differences in rates of domestic investment are often attributed to the differences in rates of domestic saving. Hence, the disparity in the growth performance between Pakistan and the Southeast Asian countries over the past two decades relates to the differences in saving rates, and an understanding of the fundamental determinants of saving in Pakistan assumes critical importance. This paper reviews trend developments in the private saving behaviour in Pakistan, and compares these trends with those seen in the Southeast Asian economies during the period since 1970. Using co-integration analysis, the long-run properties of Pakistan’s saving rate are examined, with a view to identifying the main determinants of saving. The principal finding is that about one-half of the trend increase in saving appears to be related to financial development and deepening. In contrast to the results obtained by Faruqee and Husain (1994) and Husain (1995) for the Southeast Asian countries, demographics appear not to have played an important role in determining saving behaviour in Pakistan, possibly because high rates of population growth during the past three decades resulted in a virtually unchanged demographic structure of the population.

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