scholarly journals Restoration of a Critical Mandibular Bone Defect Using Human Alveolar Bone-Derived Stem Cells and Porous Nano-HA/Collagen/PLA Scaffold

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Wang ◽  
Helin Xing ◽  
Guilan Zhang ◽  
Xia Wu ◽  
Xuan Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Defect ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Adult Stem Cell ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Mandibular Bone ◽  
Embryonic Origin ◽  
A Cell

Periodontal bone defects occur in a wide variety of clinical situations. Adult stem cell- and biomaterial-based bone tissue regeneration are a promising alternative to natural bone grafts. Recent evidence has demonstrated that two populations of adult bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) can be distinguished based on their embryonic origins. These BMSCs are not interchangeable, as bones preferentially heal using cells that share the same embryonic origin. However, the feasibility of tissue engineering using human craniofacial BMSCs was unclear. The goal of this study was to explore human craniofacial BMSC-based therapy for the treatment of localized mandibular defects using a standardized, minimally invasive procedure. The BMSCs’ identity was confirmed. Scanning electron microscopy, a cell proliferation assay, and supernatant detection indicated that the nHAC/PLA provided a suitable environment for aBMSCs. Real-time PCR and electrochemiluminescence immunoassays demonstrated that osteogenic markers were upregulated by osteogenic preinduction. Moreover, in a rabbit critical-size mandibular bone defect model, total bone formation in the nHAC/PLA + aBMSCs group was significantly higher than in the nHAC/PLA group but significantly lower than in the nHAC/PLA + preinduced aBMSCs. These findings demonstrate that this engineered bone is a valid alternative for the correction of mandibular bone defects.

scholarly journals Fibrin Glue Implants Seeded with Dental Pulp and Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells for the Repair of Periodontal Bone Defects: A Preclinical Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Natella I. Enukashvily ◽  
Julia A. Dombrovskaya ◽  
Anastasia V. Kotova ◽  
Natalia Semenova ◽  
Irina Karabak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Fibrin Glue ◽  
Bone Defect ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Osteogenic Potential ◽  
Fibrin Gel ◽  
A Cell

A technology to create a cell-seeded fibrin-based implant matching the size and shape of bone defect is required to create an anatomical implant. The aim of the study was to develop a technology of cell-seeded fibrin gel implant creation that has the same shape and size as the bone defect at the site of implantation. Using computed tomography (CT) images, molds representing bone defects were created by 3D printing. The form was filled with fibrin glue and human dental pulp stem cells (DPSC). The viability, set of surface markers and osteogenic differentiation of DPSC grown in fibrin gel along with the clot retraction time were evaluated. In mice, an alveolar bone defect was created. The defect was filled with fibrin gel seeded with mouse DPSC. After 28 days, the bone repair was analyzed with cone beam CT and by histological examination. The proliferation rate, set of surface antigens and osteogenic potential of cells grown inside the scaffold and in 2D conditions did not differ. In mice, both cell-free and mouse DPSC-seeded implants increased the bone tissue volume and vascularization. In mice with cell-seeded gel implants, the bone remodeling process was more prominent than in animals with a cell-free implant. The technology of 3D-printed forms for molding implants can be used to prepare implants using components that are not suitable for 3D printing.

scholarly journals Surgical-prosthetic treatment of large mandibular cysts

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-368
Author(s):  
Ljubisa Dzambas ◽  
Asen Dzolev
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Bone Defect ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Disease Patient ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Mandibular Bone

This paper presents a combined surgical-prosthetic procedure of reconstructing mandibular bone defect in a 53 year old patient, following enucleation of a mandibular cyst (Cystectomy Partsch II). After a thorough diagnostic evaluation, a surgical procedure was planned with the particular attention to the nature of the disease, patient?s condition, size and extension of the cyst, tissue loss, and the possibilities of prosthetic management of a mandibular bone defect with partial postresection dental prosthesis. It is of great importance to point to the significance of teamwork of a maxillofacial surgeon and a specialist in prosthodontics. This kind of cooperation provided very effective and less risky soft tissue, as well as bone tissue regeneration (osteogenesis). The patient?s recovery was fast, and he could return to his daily activities and work without significant changes regarding quality of life after surgery and prosthetic treatment.

Custom Repair of Mandibular Bone Defects with 3D Printed Bioceramic Scaffolds

2017 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Shao ◽  
M. Sun ◽  
F. Zhang ◽  
A. Liu ◽  
Y. He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Tris Buffer ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Flexural Resistance

Implanting artificial biomaterial implants into alveolar bone defects with individual shape and appropriate mechanical strength is still a challenge. In this study, bioceramic scaffolds, which can precisely match the mandibular defects in macro and micro, were manufactured by the 3-dimensional (3D) printing technique according to the computed tomography (CT) image. To evaluate the stimulatory effect of the material substrate on bone tissue regeneration in situ in a rabbit mandibular alveolar bone defect model, implants made with the newly developed, mechanically strong ~10% Mg-substituted wollastonite (Ca90%Mg10%SiO3; CSi-Mg10) were fabricated, implanted into the bone defects, and compared with implants made with the typical Ca-phosphate and Ca-silicate porous bioceramics, such as β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP), wollastonite (CaSiO3; CSi), and bredigite (Bred). The initial physicochemical tests indicated that although the CSi-Mg10 scaffolds had the largest pore dimension, they had the lowest porosity mainly due to the significant linear shrinkage of the scaffolds during sintering. Compared with the sparingly dissolvable TCP scaffolds (~2% weight loss) and superfast dissolvable (in Tris buffer within 6 wk) pure CSi and Bred scaffolds (~12% and ~14% weight loss, respectively), the CSi-Mg10 exhibited a mild in vitro biodissolution and moderate weight loss of ~7%. In addition, the CSi-Mg10 scaffolds showed a considerable initial flexural strength (31 MPa) and maintained very high flexural resistance during soaking in Tris buffer. The in vivo results revealed that the CSi-Mg10 scaffolds have markedly higher osteogenic capability than those on the TCP, CSi, and Bred scaffolds after 16 wk. These results suggest a promising potential application of customized CSi-Mg10 3D robocast scaffolds in the clinic, especially for repair of alveolar bone defects.

Coated vs Uncoated Implants: Bone Defect Configurations After Progressive Peri-implantitis in Dogs

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 661-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa Madi ◽  
Osama Zakaria ◽  
Shohei Kasugai
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Bone Defect ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Alveolar Bone Loss ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Plasma Sprayed

In this study, hydroxyapatite coated vs uncoated implants were used to evaluate the type and dimensions of bone defects after progressive peri-implantitis in dogs. Thirty-two dental implants with 4 different surfaces—machined (M), sandblasted acid-etched (SA), 1-μm thin sputter hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated (S), and plasma-sprayed HA-coated (P)—were inserted into the mandibles of 4 beagle dogs after extracting all mandibular premolars. Experimental peri-implantitis was induced after 3 months using ligature to allow for plaque accumulation. After 4 months, ligatures were removed and plaque accumulation continued for 5 months (progression period). The open flap surgery demonstrated 3 patterns of peri-implantitis bone defect: (1) Class I defect: represented as circumferential intra-alveolar bone loss; (2) Class II defect: circumferential intra-alveolar defect with supra-alveolar bone loss exposing the implant surface; and (3) Class III defect: represented as circumferential intra-alveolar defect with supra-alveolar bone loss and buccal dehiscence. Class I was the most frequent (62.5%) defect pattern around implant types M, SA, and S; while implant type-P showed a recurring majority of Class II (62.5%). Comparison among the 4 implant groups revealed a significant defect width (DW) in implant type-P relative to other types (P < 0.01). However, no statistically significant differences were noted for defect depth (DD) (P > 0.05). We concluded that the shape and size of peri-implantitis bone defects were influenced by the type and thickness of the HA coat together with the quantity of the available peri-implant bone. Plasma-sprayed HA-coated implants showed larger peri-implant defects than did thin sputter HA-coated implants.

scholarly journals Cellularizing hydrogel-based scaffolds to repair bone tissue: How to create a physiologically relevant micro-environment?

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 204173141771207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Maisani ◽  
Daniele Pezzoli ◽  
Olivier Chassande ◽  
Diego Mantovani
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Promising Alternative

Tissue engineering is a promising alternative to autografts or allografts for the regeneration of large bone defects. Cell-free biomaterials with different degrees of sophistication can be used for several therapeutic indications, to stimulate bone repair by the host tissue. However, when osteoprogenitors are not available in the damaged tissue, exogenous cells with an osteoblast differentiation potential must be provided. These cells should have the capacity to colonize the defect and to participate in the building of new bone tissue. To achieve this goal, cells must survive, remain in the defect site, eventually proliferate, and differentiate into mature osteoblasts. A critical issue for these engrafted cells is to be fed by oxygen and nutrients: the transient absence of a vascular network upon implantation is a major challenge for cells to survive in the site of implantation, and different strategies can be followed to promote cell survival under poor oxygen and nutrient supply and to promote rapid vascularization of the defect area. These strategies involve the use of scaffolds designed to create the appropriate micro-environment for cells to survive, proliferate, and differentiate in vitro and in vivo. Hydrogels are an eclectic class of materials that can be easily cellularized and provide effective, minimally invasive approaches to fill bone defects and favor bone tissue regeneration. Furthermore, by playing on their composition and processing, it is possible to obtain biocompatible systems with adequate chemical, biological, and mechanical properties. However, only a good combination of scaffold and cells, possibly with the aid of incorporated growth factors, can lead to successful results in bone regeneration. This review presents the strategies used to design cellularized hydrogel-based systems for bone regeneration, identifying the key parameters of the many different micro-environments created within hydrogels.

scholarly journals 3D printed scaffold combined to 2D osteoinductive coatings to repair a critical-size mandibular bone defect

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bouyer ◽  
Charlotte Garot ◽  
Paul Machillot ◽  
Julien Vollaire ◽  
Vincent Fitzpatrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Defect ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Critical Size ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Dose Dependence ◽  
Mandibular Bone ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Bone Autograft ◽  
Large Bone ◽  
Large Bone Defects

Abstractthe reconstruction of large bone defects (12 cm3) remains a challenge for clinicians. We developed a new critical-size mandibular bone defect model on a mini-pig, close to human clinical issues. We analyzed the bone reconstruction obtained by a 3D printed scaffold made of clinical-grade PLA, coated with a polyelectrolyte film delivering an osteogenic bioactive molecule (BMP-2). We compared the results (CT-scan, μCT, histology) to the gold standard solution, bone autograft. We demonstrated that the dose of BMP-2 delivered from the scaffold significantly influenced the amount of regenerated bone and the repair kinetics, with a clear BMP-2 dose-dependence. Bone was homogeneously formed inside the scaffold without ectopic bone formation. The bone repair was as good as for the bone autograft. The BMP-2 doses applied in our study were reduced 20 to 75-fold compared to the commercial collagen sponges used in the current clinical applications, without any adverse effects. 3D printed PLA scaffolds loaded with reduced doses of BMP-2 can be a safe and simple solution for large bone defects faced in the clinic.

Biphasic Calcium Phosphate/Chitosan/Polyacrylonitrile/Polylactic Acid-Glycolic Acid (PLGA) Nanocomposite Stent for Repair and Osteogenesis of Oral Alveolar Bone Defect

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1324-1334
Author(s):  
Gang Cheng ◽  
Hong Chen ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Jinxing Gao ◽  
Xiao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Defect ◽  
Biphasic Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Defect Area ◽  
Group A ◽  
Alveolar Bone Defect

ABSTRACTThe ability of sol-gel micro-nano biphasic calcium stent to repair oral alveolar bone defects was investigated in this study, and its osteogenesis performance was also analyzed. Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) was synthesized by wet method, which was combined with chitosan (CS), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), and polylactic acid-glycolic acid (PLGA). Then, the BCP/CS/PAN/PLGA nanocomposite stent was prepared by vacuum freeze-drying technology. The micro-nano composite stent was combined with the bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) gene, so as to obtain the sol-gel micro-nano biphasic calcium BMP-2/BCP/CS/PAN/PLGA composite stent. Besides, the composite stent should be measured in terms of compressive strength, porosity, structure, and morphological features. The healthy female rhesus monkeys were taken as the research animals, and the iliac bone marrow was extracted by puncture. The mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were obtained by density gradient centrifugation, and their osteogenic differentiation ability was observed. The MSCs were cultured in vitro with BMP-2/BCP/CS/PAN/PLGA composite stent, methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) was applied to detect cell adhesion and proliferation, and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was employed to analyze its osteogenic properties on stent materials. In addition, the expression of BMP-2 was detected by Western blot. The alveolar bone defect models were established and divided into group A (MSCs + BMP-2/BCP/CS/PAN/PLGA), group B (BMP-2/BCP/CS/PAN/PLGA), group C (BCP/CS/PAN/PLG), and group D (control group, reposition of gingival flap and suture) according to different implant materials. The changes of bone defect area in different groups were detected by gross examinations and X-ray, so that the new bone density was analyzed. The results showed that the BCP/CS/PAN/PLGA composite stent exhibited a porous structure combining multiple pores/small pores, with an average pore diameter (PD) of 400–500 µm, maximum compressive strength of 6.02 Mpa, and porosity of 86.82%. MSCs differentiated into osteoblasts under osteogenic induction conditioned medium, and the optical density (OD) of CS + MSCs/BMP-2/BCP/CS/PAN/PLGA cells was greater in contrast to that of MSCs/BMP-2/BCP/CS/PAN/PLGA cells on the 1st and 7th day of culture, showing a statistical difference (P < 0.05). The gross examination and X-ray of bone defect area in group A showed that its bone structure and density were very close to those of normal bone (all materials were absorbed, and newly formed bone cells were active); the CT value of alveolar bone in groups A, B, C, and D was 1,092.45± 15.87 g/cm3, 932.26± 16.75 g/cm3, 859.51 ±17.86 g/cm3, and 787.96± 16.54 g/cm3, respectively. There was no marked difference in CT values between group A and normal alveolar bone (P > 0.05), while the CT value of alveolar bone in group A was higher obviously than the value of groups C and D (P < 0.05). It indicated that the composite stent based on sol–gel micro-nano biphasic calcium BMP-2/BCP/CS/PAN/PLGA could promote the repair of oral alveolar bone defect and its osteogenesis, thereby providing a reference for the oral clinical treatment of periodontal bone defects.

scholarly journals Analysis of the behavior of a biomaterial based on wollastonite/TCP in the implant process of an experimental model of critical bone defects

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e55110716800
Author(s):  
Mauricio Mitsuo Monção ◽  
Raísa Cavalcante Dourado ◽  
Luísa Queiroz Vasconcelos ◽  
Isabela Cerqueira Barreto ◽  
Roberto Paulo Correia de Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Model ◽  
Bone Defect ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hydrophilic Behavior ◽  
Critical Bone Defects

This study analyzes the clinical, macroscopic and radiographic characteristics of a biomaterial with different proportions of wolastonite (W) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) on bone tissue regeneration during the implantation process of an experimental model of critical bone defects. Fifteen Wistar rats were used, randomly distributed in 5 groups (n = 3), with a bone defect created on an 8.0 mm diameter calvaria. 4 groups received implants with different proportions of W%/TCP%, referred to as W20/TCP80, W40/TCP60, W60/TCP40 and W80/TCP20. The fifth control group (GC) was filled with blood clot only. Clinical evaluation was performed every 24 hours, and after 7 days, the animals were euthanized. The calvaria were dissected and analyzed macroscopically and by radiography. All study groups showed a satisfactory clinical evolution. The macroscopic analysis showed filling of the bone defect with granules surrounded by newly formed tissue, and the radiographic analysis showed different patterns of displacement of the biomaterial. The study concluded that the different proportions of W%/TCP% were well tolerated by the study groups and demonstrated biocompatibility. The enhanced hydrophilic behavior of the W40/TCP60, W60/TCP40 and W80/TCP20 groups favored the application in the experimental model in vivo.

Technique and Device of Irregular Osseointegration Detection for Dental Implant

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.-Ch. Pan ◽  
Z.-W. Chen ◽  
H.-B. Zhuang ◽  
S.-Y. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implant ◽  
Bone Defect ◽  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Vibration Response ◽  
Detection Techniques

This paper aims to develop detection techniques and associated devices on irregular osseointegration during and after dental implant operations. More specifically, the study relates to the quantitative evaluation of an osseointegration between a dental implant and an alveolar bone through examining differences of dynamic characteristics of the dental implant and irregular bone defects. Developed techniques are able to inspect quantity, orientation and depth of bone defect. The associated device to this purpose is designed based upon the application of acoustic induced excitation and vibration response.

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