scholarly journals Geofluids Assessment of the Ayub and Shafa Hot Springs in Kopet-Dagh Zone (NE Iran): An Isotopic Geochemistry Approach

Geofluids ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Mohammadzadeh ◽  
Majid Kazemi
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Environmental Isotopes ◽  
Geothermal Gradient ◽  
Deep Circulation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Kopet Dagh ◽  
Ne Iran

Geothermal energy has a wide range of uses in our life. It is very important to characterize the temperature and the depth of geothermal reservoirs. The aim of this paper is the determination of type, origin source of water temperature, and depth of water circulation in the Ayub-Peighambar and Shafa (AP and SH) hot springs, located in NE Iran, using hydrogeochemistry and environmental isotopes (2H and18O). AP hot spring has elevated temperature (36–40°C) and as such is very important for balneotherapy and geotourism industry purposes. The average values ofδ18O andδ2H for this hot spring (−10‰and −73‰, resp.) are analogous to that of geothermal and meteoric waters. This indicates that the heat source cannot be related to volcanic activities (with averageδ18O value of about 5‰) and it is most probably associated with geothermal gradient with deep circulation of groundwater through faults. Based on Na-K geothermometers coupled with isotopic (18O and2H) geochemistry the temperature of the AP geothermal reservoir was estimated to be in the range of 100–150°C with 3–5 and 4.2 kilometres’ depth, respectively. Chemically, the AP samples are CaSO4facies with a chemically homogeneous source and steam heated waters type.

scholarly journals Geochemical Characterization of Nyamyumba Hot Spring, Northwest Rwanda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francois Hategekimana ◽  
Theophile Mugerwa ◽  
Cedrick Nsengiyumva ◽  
Digne Rwabuhungu ◽  
Juliet Confiance Kabatesi
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Geothermal Gradient ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rift System ◽  
Volcanic Complex ◽  
East African Rift System ◽  
Recreational Waters ◽  
Lake Kivu

Abstract Hot spring is a hot water that is naturally occurring on the surface from the underground and typically heated by subterranean volcanic activity and local underground geothermal gradient. There are four main hot springs in Rwanda such as: Kalisimbi, Bugarama, Kinigi and Nyamyumba former name Gisenyi hot springs. This research focused on the geochemical analysis of Nyamyumba hot springs located near the fresh water of Lake Kivu. Nyamyumba hot springs are located in the western branch of the East African Rift System and they are located near Virunga volcanic complex, explaining the rising and heating of water. The concentrations of Sulfate, Iron, Ammonia, Alkalinity, Silica, Phosphate, Salinity, Alkalinity, and Conductivity using standard procedures were measured. The results showed that hot spring water has higher concentrations of chemicals compared to Lake Kivu water and the geochemistry of these hot springs maybe associated with rock dissolution by hot water. The measured parameters were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) standards for recreational waters and it has been identified that Nyamyumba hot spring are safe to use in therapeutic activities (Swimming).

scholarly journals Study of geothermometers and chemical composition of hot springs in Zavkhan province

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Bolormaa Ch ◽  
Oyuntsetseg D ◽  
Bolormaa O
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Geothermal Gradient ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Geothermal Water ◽  
Reservoir Temperature ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Total Dissolved Solid

In this study, we collected hot spring water sample from Otgontenger, Tsetsuukh, Zart, Ulaan Khaalga and Khojuul in Zavkhan province. The purpose of this study is to determine the temperature of geothermal water and its depth which based on the hydrochemical component. Hot spring water analyses showed that temperature ranges between 33.4 to 45.5°C, pH ranges 8.40 to 9.56, and the total dissolved solid amount was 170 to 473 mg/L. From the result of hydrochemical analyses, hot spring samples were included in SO4-Na and HCO3-Na type. In comparison to other hot spring samples, Tsetsuukh hot spring has shown negative oxidation reduction potential, -0.8 mV and dissolved hydrogen, 0.22 mg/L. Therefore, it has a higher ability for medical treatment than other hot spring water due to its reduction state. The reservoir temperature of these hot springs is calculated by several geothermometer methods, and temperatures ranged between 102оC to 149оC. According to this result, it assumed that geothermal water with low temperature which has the ability to use for room heating and producing energy by the binary system. Thus, we determined that reservoir depth is 1.3 to 3.7 km using annual average surface and reservoir temperature, and regional geothermal gradient. Завхан аймгийн халуун рашаануудын химийн найрлага, геотермометрийн судалгаа Хураангуй: Бид энэхүү судалгааны ажлаар Завхан аймгийн нутагт орших Отгонтэнгэр, Зарт, Цэцүүх, Улаан хаалга, Хожуулын халуун рашаануудын гидрохимийн найрлагыг нарийвчлан тогтоосоны үндсэн дээр тухайн рашаануудын газрын гүний халуун усны температур болон гүнийг тогтоох зорилго тавин ажиллаа. Завхан аймгийн рашаанууд нь халуун 33.4-45.5°C температуртай, шүлтлэг орчинтой (pH 8.4-9.56), 170-473 мг/л хүртэл эрдэсжилттэй, HCO3-Na болон SO4-Na-ийн төрлийн халуун рашааны ангилалд хамаарагдаж байна. Эдгээр рашаануудаас Цэцүүхийн халуун рашааны исэлдэн ангижрах потенциал нь -0.8 мВ, ууссан устөрөгчийн агуулга 0.22 мг/л илэрсэн нь судалгаанд хамрагдсан бусад рашаануудтай харьцуулахад ангижрах төлөвт оршиж байгаа бөгөөд илүү эмчилгээний идэвхтэй болохыг харуулж байна. Судалгаанд хамрагдсан халуун рашаануудын гүний температурыг химийн найрлагаас нь хамааруулан хэд хэдэн геотермометрийг ашиглан тооцоход дунджаар 102-149oС байсан ба энэ нь бага температуртай усны ангилалд хамаарагдаж байгаа учир тухайн халуун усны нөөцийг өрөө тасалгаа халаах болон бинари системийг ашиглан цахилгаан гаргаж авах боломжтой байна. Мөн Завхан аймгийн халуун рашаануудын газрын гүний халуун усны нөөц нь газрын гадаргаас доош 1.3-3.7 км-ийн гүнд байрладаг болохыг орд дээрх температур, газрын гүний халуун усны температур болон бүс нутгийн геотермал градиентад үндэслэн тооцоолон тодорхойллоо. Түлхүүр үг: Гидрохими, халуун рашаан, геотермометр, гүний температур.

Hot spring sinters: keys to understanding Earth's earliest life forms

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 1713-1724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt O Konhauser ◽  
Brian Jones ◽  
Anna-Louise Reysenbach ◽  
Robin W Renaut
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Geothermal Fluids ◽  
Terrestrial Hot Springs ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Physical Changes

The question of what composed the Earth's oldest fossils is the subject of current debate. At present, taphonomical determination of Archean silicified microfossils is largely based on morphological comparisons with extant microorganisms. This method has significant shortcomings because little is known about which types of bacteria silicify, what physical changes are induced on those species during mineralization, and, most importantly, what their preservation potential is. Terrestrial hot springs may help resolve these uncertainties because the silica-supersaturated geothermal fluids mineralize a wide variety of natural microbial communities and thus lead to the formation of numerous distinct biofacies. Some of these biofacies are reminiscent of Archean siliceous stromatolites from which the oldest microfossils were recovered. We suggest that by integrating molecular techniques that characterize the indigenous microbial populations growing in different biofacies with electron microscopy, we may be able to assess better what types of ancient microbes could have become fossilized.

scholarly journals Exploration of Shallow Geothermal Energy Aquifers by Using Electrical Resistivity Survey in Laki Range Jamshoro district Sindh, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Muhammad Afzal Jamali ◽  
Muhammad Hassan Agheem ◽  
Akhtar Hussain Markhand ◽  
Shahid Ali Shaikh ◽  
Asfand Yar Wali Arain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Indus Basin ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Electrical Resistivity Survey ◽  
Resistivity Survey ◽  
Geothermal Aquifer

Geothermal water is increasingly used around the world for its exploitation. Bulk electrical resistivity differences can bring significant information on variation of subsurface geothermal aquifer characteristics. The electrical resistivity survey was carried out in Laki range in lower Indus basin in the study area to explore the subsurface geothermal aquifers. The Schlumberger electrode configuration with range from 2 m to 220 m depth was applied. Three prominent locations of hot springs were selected including Laki Shah Saddar, Lalbagh and Kai hot spring near Sehwan city. After processing resistivity image data, two hot water geothermal aquifers were delineated at Laki Shah Sadder hot springs. The depth of first aquifer was 56 m and its thickness 38 m in the limestones. The depth of second aquifer of 190 m and with thickness of 96 m hosted in limestone. In Lalbagh hot springs two geothermal aquifers were delineated on the basis of apparent resistivity contrast, the depth of first aquifer zone in sandstone was in sandstone 15 m and thickness 12 m, while the depth of second aquifer was 61m and thickness was 35m. In Kai hot springs two hot water geothermal aquifers were delineated. The depth of first geothermal aquifer was 21m and thickness was 18 m and the depth of second aquifer was 105 m and thickness was 61m present in sandstone lithology. Present work demonstrates the capability of electrical resistivity images to study the potential of geothermal energy in shallow aquifers. These outcomes could potentially lead to a number of practical applications, such as the monitoring or the design of shallow geothermal systems.

scholarly journals Short-Term Seismic Precursor Anomalies of Hydrogen Concentration in Luojishan Hot Spring Bubbling Gas, Eastern Tibetan Plateau

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaocheng Zhou ◽  
Yucong Yan ◽  
Wenya Fang ◽  
Wanli Wang ◽  
Hongyu Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Hydrogen Concentration ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Eastern Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Seismic Precursor

The gas compositions (He, H2, CO2, CH4, Ar and N2) and isotope ratios (3He/4He and δ13C) were yearly investigated from April 2010 to April 2019 at the Luojishan spring located in the proximity of the Zemuhe Fault, eastern Tibetan Plateau. The continuous automatic monitoring of hydrogen concentrations in Luojishan hot spring bubbling gas for the purpose of earthquake prediction requires the discrimination of seismic precursor anomalies. Helium isotope ratios (3He/4He) in the bubbling gas of hot springs varied from 0.05 to 0.18 Ra (Ra = 3He/4He = 1.39 × 10−6 in the air), with a maximum mantle-derived He up to 2.2% of the total He measured in the Luojishan hot spring (assuming R/Ra = 8.0 for mantle). This suggests that Zemuhe Fault might act as a conduit for crustal-derived fluid. N2 concentrations in the majority of the hot spring was ≥80 vol%, and δ13CCO2 values varied from −13.2 to −9.3‰ (vs.PDB). Hydrogen concentration time series display a complex temporal pattern reflecting a wide range of different physical processes. There were short-term (5–60 h) seismic precursor anomalies of hydrogen concentration before natural earthquake. The anthropogenically-induced earthquakes provoke only post-earthquake responses. The concentration of hydrogen in bubbling gas of the Luojishan hot spring is sensitive to increase of stress in the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system. Monitoring the hydrogen concentrations with automatic gas stations may be promising tool for unraveling earthquake mechanisms and for predicting earthquakes.

Estimasi Suhu Reservoar Menggunakan Geotermometer (Studi Kasus Lapangan Panas Bumi Jaboi, Sabang)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Isa ◽  
Khairi Suhud
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Geochemical Study ◽  
Field Observation Data ◽  
Temperature Parameter ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Geochemical Studies

Gunung api Leumo Matee dan Seumeuregoh, Jaboi Sabang memiliki potensi energi panas bumi sangat besar. Hal ini ditandai dengan adanya manifestasi yang muncul di permukaan seperti uap panas, fumarol dan sumber air panas. Namun demikian, potensi panas bumi ini belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal oleh pihak-pihak terkait. Oleh karena itu, perlu dikaji lebih dalam dan menyeluruh untuk mendapatkan informasi yang detail, terutama parameter suhu dan karakteristik batuan/mineral. Metode untuk penentuan potensi panas bumi secara umum meliputi kajian geologi, geofisika dan geokimia. Pada penelitian ini difokuskan pada kajian geokimia khususnya analisis kimia fluida panas bumi. Pendekatan untuk menentukan karakteristik fluida kimia panas bumi dilakukan dengan metode penentuan geotermometri  untuk air (SiO2) dan gas (Na-K). Berdasarkan data pengamatan lapangan dan uji laboratorium yang terstandarisasi menunjukkan bahwa suhu bawah permukaan untuk fluida cair 222 oC dan 201 oC, sedangkan untuk gas 220 oC dan 204 oC. Hasil pengujian sampel fluida panas bumi menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi K+ =10,90 mg/L, konsentrasi Mg2+ = 64,50 mg/L, konsentrasi Ca2+ = 279,45 mg/L, konsentrasi Na+ =75,85 mg/L konsentrasi Cl- =7,45 mg/L, konsentrasi SO4- =5477,74 mg/L, dan  konsentrasi HCO3- = 0 mg/L. Berdasarkan interpretasi data-data tersebut terutama yang berkaitan dengan suhu reservoar yang diperoleh dengan dua pendekatan formula menunjukkan bahwa manifestasi panas bumi daerah Jaboi, Sabang sangat prospek untuk dikembangkan sebagai energi terbarukan dan ramah lingkungan.   The Volcano of Leumo Matee-Seumeuregoh in Jaboi, Sabang has a massive potential geothermal energy. This is indicated by the manifestation geothermal to surface such as hot steam, fumaroles and hot springs. Nevertheless, this potential geothermal has not been utilized optimally by stakeholders. Therefore, it is important to be deeply and holistically studied to get of detailed information, especially on the temperature parameter and the mineral characteristic. The method used to determine geothermal potency generally includes geological, geophysical and geochemical studies. However in this research geochemical study is more focused, especially the chemical analysis of geothermal fluid. The approach to determine the characteristic of geothermal chemical fluid is conducted by geothermometry technique for water (SiO2) and gas (Na-K). Based on the field observation data and the standardized laboratory test show that the subsurface temperature of liquid fluid is around 222 and 201 oC and gas is around 220 oC and 204 oC. The analysis of hot spring sample shows potassium (K+) concentration of 10.90 mg/L, magnesium (Mg2+) concentration of 64.50 mg/L, calcium (Ca2+) concentration of 279.45 mg/L, sodium (Na+) concentration of  75.85 mg/L, chloride (Cl-) concentration of 7.45 mg/L, sulfat (SO4=) concentration of  5477.74 mg/L, and bicarbonate (HCO3-) concentration of 0 mg/L. Based on the data, especially temperature that was calculated by using formulas Fournier and Gigenbach show that the geothermal manifestation of Jaboi Sabang region is very potential to be developed as a renewable and go green energy.

scholarly journals The Effect of Spring Water Geochemistry on Copper Proteins in Tengchong Hot Springs, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreya Srivastava ◽  
Hailiang Dong ◽  
Brandon R. Briggs
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Metagenomic Data ◽  
Copper Proteins ◽  
Ph Gradients ◽  
Quinol Oxidase ◽  
Binding Domains ◽  
Wide Range

ABSTRACT Copper (Cu) is an essential trace metal cofactor for a variety of proteins; however, excess Cu is toxic to most organisms. Cu homeostasis is maintained by a complex machinery of Cu binding proteins that control the uptake, transport, sequestration, and efflux of Cu ions. Despite the importance of Cu binding proteins in electron transfer, substrate oxidation, superoxide dismutation, and denitrification, little information exists about microbial Cu utilization in extreme environments, where the geochemical conditions may affect Cu bioavailability. Using metagenomic data from 9 hot springs in Tengchong, China, which range in temperature from 42°C to 96°C and in pH from 2.3 to 9, the effects of pH, temperature, and spring geochemistry on the distribution of Cu binding domains of proteins and oxidoreductases were studied. Dissolved Cu and Cu binding domains were detected across all temperature and pH gradients. Cu binding domains of cytochrome c oxidase subunits, heavy-metal-associated domains, and nitrous oxide reductase were detected at all sites. DoxB, a quinol oxidase, and other quinol oxidase subunits were the dominant Cu binding oxidoreductase subunits present at low-pH and high-temperature sites, whereas cbb3-type cytochrome c oxidase subunits were dominant at high-pH and high-temperature sites. Additionally, aa3-type cytochrome c oxidase was more prominent than cbb3-type cytochrome c oxidase under circumneutral-pH conditions. This suggests that the type of cytochrome c oxidase pathway and the Cu proteins employed by microbes to carry out important functions such as energy acquisition and efflux of excess Cu are affected by the physicochemical conditions of the springs. IMPORTANCE Copper is present in a variety of proteins and is required to carry out essential functions by all organisms. However, in hot spring environments, copper availability may be limited due to the high temperatures and the wide range in pH. The significance of our research is in relating the physicochemical environment to the distribution of copper proteins across hot spring environments, which provides increased understanding of primary functions and adaptions in these environments.

scholarly journals The Italian Solfatara as an analog for Mars fumarolic alteration

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 1565-1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Flahaut ◽  
Janice L. Bishop ◽  
Simone Silvestro ◽  
Dario Tedesco ◽  
Isabelle Daniel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Silica ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Definitive Evidence ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
In Situ Detection ◽  
Sulfate Leaching

Abstract The first definitive evidence for continental vents on Mars is the in situ detection of amorphous silica-rich outcrops by the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit. These outcrops have been tentatively interpreted as the result of either acid sulfate leaching in fumarolic environments or direct precipitation from hot springs. Such environments represent prime targets for upcoming astrobiology missions but remain difficult to identify with certainty, especially from orbit. To contribute to the identification of fumaroles and hot spring deposits on Mars, we surveyed their characteristics at the analog site of the Solfatara volcanic crater in central Italy. Several techniques of mineral identification (VNIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, XRD) were used both in the field and in the laboratory on selected samples. The faulted crater walls showed evidence of acid leaching and alteration into the advanced argillic-alunitic facies, with colorful deposits containing alunite, jarosite, and/or hematite. Sublimates containing various Al and Fe hydroxyl-sulfates were observed around the active fumarole vents at 90 °C. One vent at 160 °C was characterized by different sublimates enriched in As and Hb sulfide species. Amorphous silica and alunite assemblages that are diagnostic of silicic alteration were also observed at the Fangaia mud pots inside the crater. A wide range of minerals was identified at the 665 m diameter Solfatara crater that is diagnostic of acid-steam heated alteration of a trachytic, porous bedrock. Importantly, this mineral diversity was captured at each site investigated with at least one of the techniques used, which lends confidence for the recognition of similar environments with the next-generation Mars rovers.

Thermochronology and REE analyses as new tools to track thermal anomaly and fluid flow along a crustal scale fault (Têt fault, French Pyrenees)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaétan Milesi ◽  
Monié Patrick ◽  
Philippe Münch ◽  
Roger Soliva ◽  
Sylvain Mayolle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modelling ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Hanging Wall ◽  
Damage Zone ◽  
Thermal Anomaly ◽  
Geothermal Gradient ◽  
Fault Damage Zone ◽  
Hydrothermal Flow

<p>The Têt fault is a crustal scale major fault in the eastern Pyrenees that displays about 30 hot springs along its surface trace with temperatures between 29°C and 73°C. The regional process of fluid circulation at depth has previously been highlighted by thermal numerical modelling supported by hydrochemical analyses and tectonic study. Numerical modelling suggests the presence of a strong subsurface anomaly of temperature along-fault (locally > 90°C/km), governed by topography-driven meteoric fluid upflow through the fault damage zone (advection). On the basis of this modelling, we focused our thermochronological study on 30 samples collected close and between two hot spring clusters in both the hanging wall and the footwall of the Têt fault, where the most important thermal anomaly is recorded by models. We analysed apatite using (U-Th)/He (AHe) dating combined with REE analyses on the same dated grains.</p><p>Along the fault, AHe ages are in a range of 26 to 8 Ma in the footwall and 43 and 18 Ma in the hanging wall, and only few apatite grains have been impacted by hydrothermalism near the St-Thomas hot spring cluster. By contrast, particularly young AHe ages below 6 Ma, correlated to REE depletion, are found around the Thuès-les-bains hot spring cluster. These very young ages are therefore interpreted as thermal resetting due to an important hydrothermal activity. A thermal anomaly can be mapped and appears restricted to 1 km around this cluster of hot springs, i.e. more restricted than the size of the anomaly predicted by numerical models. These results reveal that AHe dating and REE analyses can be used to highlight neo- or paleo-hydrothermal anomaly recorded by rocks along faults.</p><p>This study brings new elements to discuss the onset of the hydrothermal circulations and consequences on AHe and REE mobilisation, and suggest a strong heterogeneity of the hydrothermal flow pattern into the fault damage zone. Moreover, this study suggests that crustal scale faults adjacent to reliefs can localise narrow high hydrothermal flow and important geothermal gradient.  Besides these results, this study provides new constraints for geothermal exploration around crustal faults, as well as a discussion on the use of thermochronometers into fault damage zones. </p>

scholarly journals Description, Taxonomy, and Comparative Genomics of a Novel species, Thermoleptolyngbya sichuanensis sp. nov., Isolated From Hot Springs of Ganzi, Sichuan, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Tang ◽  
Liheng Li ◽  
Meijin Li ◽  
Lianming Du ◽  
Md Mahfuzur R. Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Amino Acid Identity ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Thermal Environments ◽  
Thermophilic Cyanobacteria ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Phylogenomic Analyses ◽  
Genome Scale

Thermoleptolyngbya is a newly proposed genus of thermophilic cyanobacteria that are often abundant in thermal environments. However, a vast majority of Thermoleptolyngbya strains were not systematically identified, and genomic features of this genus are also sparse. Here, polyphasic approaches were employed to identify a thermophilic strain, PKUAC-SCTA183 (A183 hereafter), isolated from hot spring Erdaoqiao, Ganzi prefecture, China. Whole-genome sequencing of the strain revealed its allocation to Thermoleptolyngbya sp. and genetic adaptations to the hot spring environment. While the results of 16S rRNA were deemed inconclusive, the more comprehensive polyphasic approach encompassing phenetic, chemotaxic, and genomic approaches strongly suggest that a new taxon, Thermoleptolyngbya sichuanensis sp. nov., should be delineated around the A183 strain. The genome-scale phylogeny and average nucleotide/amino-acid identity confirmed the genetic divergence of the A183 strain from other strains of Thermoleptolyngbya along with traditional methods such as 16S-23S ITS and its secondary structure analyses. Comparative genomic and phylogenomic analyses revealed inconsistent genome structures between Thermoleptolyngbya A183 and O-77 strains. Further gene ontology analysis showed that the unique genes of the two strains were distributed in a wide range of functional categories. In addition, analysis of genes related to thermotolerance, signal transduction, and carbon/nitrogen/sulfur assimilation revealed the ability of this strain to adapt to inhospitable niches in hot springs, and these findings were preliminarily confirmed using experimental, cultivation-based approaches.

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