scholarly journals Computed Tomography Findings of Pulmonary Mycobacterium simiae Infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayeh Baghizadeh ◽  
Payam Mehrian ◽  
Poopak Farnia
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Pulmonary Infection ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Zonal Distribution ◽  
Sputum Production ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nodular Lesions ◽  
Mycobacterium Simiae

Nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) pulmonary infections can be quite similar to tuberculosis, both clinically and radiologically. However, the treatment protocol is not similar. Mycobacterium simiae is a rare cause of NTM pulmonary infection. Herein, we aimed to evaluate and compare the computed tomography (CT) scan findings of M. simiae infection in lungs. For this reason, thirty-four patients (n=34) with M. simiae lung infection were retrospectively evaluated. Diagnosis was confirmed by American Thoracic Society (ATS) guidelines and CT scans were reviewed in both lung and mediastinal windows. The average age of patients was 63±14.54 years and 52.9% were male. The majority of patients had cough (91.2%) and sputum production (76.5%). Clinically, 41.2% of patients had previous history of TB (14/34), 38.2% had cardiac diseases (13/34), and 35.3% had diabetes mellitus (12/34). The most common CT findings in our study were nodular lesions (100%) and bronchiectasis (85.29%). Regarding the severity, grade I bronchiectasis was the most prevalent. Other prominent findings were tree-in-bud sign (88.2%), consolidation (52.94%), and lobar fibrosis and volume loss (67.6%). There was no significant zonal distribution of findings. In conclusion, nodular lesions and bronchiectasis are the most frequent features in CT scan of M. simiae pulmonary infection.

scholarly journals Additive value of positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan for detection of aortic tube graft infection: a case report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farnoosh Larti ◽  
Mohammad Amin Khadembashiri ◽  
Mehrshad Abbasi ◽  
Alborz Sherafati
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Graft Infection ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pet Ct Scan

Abstract Background Diagnosis of aortic graft infection is challenging, and delayed diagnosis is associated with poor prognosis. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has improved diagnostic accuracy. Case summary A patient with a history of congenital heart disease was admitted due to fever. He had a history of four cardiac surgeries, including the Bentall procedure for endocarditis. Blood cultures were negative. A semi-mobile mass was detected in the distal portion of the aortic tube graft in echocardiography. PET/CT scan was used to confirm tube graft infection and to support proceeding to cardiac surgery. Discussion Using multimodality imaging, including PET/CT scan in combination with echocardiography, can improve diagnostic accuracy for the detection of aortic tube graft infection, infection of prosthetic valves, or intra-cardiac devices, especially in high-risk surgical cases.

Abstract 14676: Landmark-based Functional Computed Tomography Reveals Diminished Left Atrial Appendage Contraction During Atrial Fibrillation

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan H Chung ◽  
Gordon Ho ◽  
Andrew Schluchter ◽  
Francisco Contijoch ◽  
Jonathan C Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Sinus Rhythm ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Left Atrial Appendage ◽  
Atrial Appendage ◽  
History Of

Introduction: The formation of thrombus in the left atrial appendage (LAA) and risk for systemic embolization may result in part from stasis and poor blood volume emptying during atrial fibrillation (AF). Functional 4-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) is a promising technique to measure LAA ejection fraction and blood volume emptying. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that the LAA ejection fraction measured by 4DCT is decreased during AF compared to sinus rhythm. Methods: 256-slice 4DCT scans obtained in patients for coronary artery imaging or pre-procedurally for AF, VT or SVT ablation procedures were analyzed retrospectively. In each patient, LAA volumes were measured at multiple phases during one cardiac cycle using segmentation software (ITK-SNAP and Osirix MD). LAA ejection fraction was calculated as the difference between minimum and maximum volumes and was analyzed using Wilcoxon rank sum. Results: Out of 54 patients, 37 patients were in sinus rhythm and 17 patients were in AF. Between NSR vs. AF, mean age was 69.1±12.8 vs 73.2±11.5 years (p=0.13), 28% vs 36% female (p=0.54), LVEF was 58±11% vs 60±9% (p=0.95), and echo-derived left atrial volume index was 29.5±6.1 ml/m2 vs 41.7±12.8 ml/m2 (p=0.06). Patients who were in sinus rhythm during their CT scan had a higher LAA ejection fraction than those who were in AF (58±13% vs. 29±9%, p<0.0001). For patients who were in AF during their CT scan, there was no difference in LAA ejection fraction between patients with a history of paroxysmal AF compared to patients with a history of persistent AF (30±10% vs. 28±10%, p=0.75). Conclusions: Analysis of the LAA volumes using functional cardiac CT is a feasible method to quantify blood volume emptying from the LAA. Patients in AF were observed to have significantly decreased LAA ejection fraction and blood volume emptying compared to patients in sinus rhythm. Further studies are needed to determine whether this technique may improve personalized risk stratification for stroke.

Pitfalls in the determination of intracranial spread of complicated suppurative sinusitis

1996 ◽  
Vol 110 (7) ◽  
pp. 673-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Conlon ◽  
A. Curran ◽  
C. V. Timon
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Intracranial Extension ◽  
Sinus Disease ◽  
Grand Mal ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

AbstractWe present two cases of suppurative sinusitis that presented to our casualty department over a one-week period. Both patients suffered complications of the disease secondary to extension of the inflammatory process beyond the bony confines of the sinus. Neither of the patients had a previous history of sinus disease. The first patient deteriorated suddenly 24 hours after admission. The initial computed tomography (CT) scan failed to demonstrate a developing subdural empyema. This complication was confirmed following repeat scanning 24 hours later and the patient required urgent neurosurgical intervention and drainage. The second patient presented with periorbital cellulitis secondary to sinusitis and suffered a grand mal seziure on admission. Once again initial CT scan changes were subtle and significant intracranial extension was not noted until the subsequent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan was performed.The purpose of this paper is to highlight the potential dangers over reliance on CT scanning in diagnosing early intracranial spread of sinus disease and we emphasise that the clinician must interpret any radiological investigations in light of the associated clinical findings.

scholarly journals Rifampicin-resistance Pattern of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Associated Risk Factors Among Presumptive Pulmonary and Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients at Madda Walabu University Goba Referral Hospital, Southeast Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wakuman Taye Kelecha ◽  
Solomon Gebra-Sellasie Teklegiorgis ◽  
Mesay Mitiku Gemechu
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
P Value ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Extra Pulmonary

Abstract Background: Drug resistant M.tuberculosis is one of the serious public health trouble that intimidating progress made in tuberculosis cases and control in several countries. Early detection of drug-resistant tuberculosis is crucial for patient management and infection control. Methods: Hospital based cross-sectional study design was conducted from October 2020 to February 2021. Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and resistance to Rifampicin pattern was determined by using GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay. Data were entered and analyzed by SPSS version 23.0. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine the relationship between dependent and independent variables. Less than 0.05 P-value was used to show significance.Results: A total of 301 presumptive tuberculosis patients were included in the study; of these, 46 (15.3%) of them were identified as having Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 2/46 (4.35%) were resistant to Rifampicin and 4/46 (14.8%) patients were TB/HIV co-infected. From the total of M. tuberculosis detected 40 (16.7%) were identified in pulmonary and 6 (9.8%) were in extra-pulmonary presumptive patients. Rifampicin-resistant M. tuberculosis was detected in 2 patients who had a history of taking Anti-tuberculosis drugs. Conclusion: Previous history of tuberculosis treatment and having close contact history with tuberculosis patients were found as important associated factors that enhance the prevalence of tuberculosis among presumptive tuberculosis patients. This indicates the mandate to make better and oversee the treatment protocol to control the burden of drug resistant M.tuberculosis.

Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) Evaluation of Traumatic Brain Injury in Head Trauma Patients in Tertiary Hospital of Eastern Region of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1352-1357
Author(s):  
Ajay Kumar Yadav ◽  
Binit Dev ◽  
Sushil Taparia ◽  
Parvez Kumar ◽  
Rakesh Mandal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Intracranial Lesions ◽  
History Of

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in patients with head trauma is common cause for emergency visits to hospital affecting all age groups. It is one of important leading cause of death and disability worldwide besides leading to neurological disease burden. Noncontrast enhanced Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is imaging modality of choice for detection of various intracranial lesions. Objectives: This study was done to analyse various imaging findings on MDCT in traumatic head injury patients along with association of CT findings with clinical manifestation and mechanism of injury. Methodology: In this ethically approved prospective study, CT scan was done in 224 consecutive patients with head injury from November 2020 to February 2021. The various imaging findings seen in CT scan were documented in proforma. The data collected was analyzed with appropriate statistical test and statistical significance was calculated. Results: Total of 224 patients with diagnosis of head injury were included in the study. The male to female ratio was 2.86 and most common age group involved was between 20-40years (41.1%). The most common mode of injury was road traffic accidents (57.6%) and most of the patients presented with history of altered sensorium (35.7%). About 47.3% patients showed abnormal findings on CT scan with scalp lesion was most common findings (82%) followed by skull fractures (54.7%) and cerebral contusions (43.4%). Patients with history of RTA had more abnormal CT scan (62%) than fall injury and physical assault. Statistically significant association seen between CT scan findings with Glasgow Coma Scale and RTA (P<0.05). Conclusion: The present study showed well documented role of CT scan in diagnosis of TBI besides detection of spectrum of intracranial lesions in patients with head trauma. Road traffic accident is most common mode of head injury with most of the victims are young middle age active male. 

scholarly journals Serous Cystadenoma of the Pancreas Presenting as a Third Primary Neoplasm

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 552-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aydın Şeref Köksal ◽  
Aysel Ülker ◽  
Mehmet Asıl ◽  
Bilge Tunç ◽  
Arda Kemal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Serous Cystadenoma ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Cystic Neoplasms ◽  
Serous Cystadenomas ◽  
History Of ◽  
Primary Neoplasm ◽  
Other Neoplasms

Serous cystadenomas are the most common cystic neoplasms of the pancreas. They may occur solely or coexist with other neoplasms. A 10 cm mass involving the body of the pancreas was observed in the computed tomography of a 61-year-old man with a previous history of bladder and prostate carcinoma. Ultrasonography and computed tomography of the mass demonstrated multiple small cysts associated with a central calcified scar. A distal pancreatectomy was performed. Pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of serous microcystic adenoma. This is the first report of a serous cystadenoma of the pancreas with two metachronous neoplasms. This feature should be kept in mind during the diagnosis and evaluation of patients with serous cystadenoma.

scholarly journals Clinical predictors of abnormal head computed tomography scan in patients who are conscious after head injury

2017 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. 064-067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar Mishra ◽  
Ashok Munivenkatappa ◽  
Vasuki Prathyusha ◽  
Dhaval P. Shukla ◽  
Bhagavatula Indira Devi
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Observation Study ◽  
Head Ct ◽  
Abnormal Head ◽  
History Of ◽  
Head Computed Tomography

ABSTRACT Background: Indication of a head computed tomography (CT) scan in a patient who remains conscious after head injury is controversial. We aimed to determine the clinical features that are most likely to be associated with abnormal CT scan in patients with a history of head injury, and who are conscious at the time of presentation to casualty. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective observation study of patients presented to casualty with history of head injury, and who were conscious, i.e., Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) 15 at the time of evaluation. All patients underwent head CT scan. The CT scan was reported as abnormal if it showed any pathology ascribed to trauma. The following variables were used: age, gender, mode of injury (road traffic accident, fall, assault, and others), duration since injury, and history of transient loss of consciousness, headache, vomiting, ear/nose bleeding, and seizures. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the clinical features that predicted an abnormal CT scan. Results: During the observation period, a total of 1629 patients with head injury were evaluated, out of which 453 were in GCS 15. Abnormal CT scan was present in 195 (43%) patients. Among all the variables, the following were found significantly associated with abnormal CT scan: duration since injury (>12 h) P < 0.001; vomiting odds, ratio (OR) 1.89 (1.23, 2.80), P < 0.001; and presence of any symptom, OR 2.36 (1.52, 3.71), P < 0.001. Conclusion: A patient with GCS 15 presenting after 12 hours of injury with vomiting or combination of symptoms has a significant risk of abnormal head CT scan.

Seizures during the Immediate Postoperative Period

Neurosurgery ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Kvam ◽  
Christopher M. Loftus ◽  
Brian Copeland ◽  
Donald O. Quest
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Arteriovenous Malformation ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Postoperative Hematoma ◽  
Anticonvulsant Medication ◽  
History Of ◽  
Postoperative Seizure ◽  
Common Association

Abstract Twenty-three of 538 patients undergoing elective craniotomy had a seizure within 24 hours after operation. The lesion had been located extra-axially in 15 patients and intra-axially in 8 patients. Except for 1 patient who had a parietal craniotomy for an arteriovenous malformation, all patients had a frontal or temporal exposure. Only 5 patients had a previous history of seizures. Adequate levels of anticonvulsant medication were not present in 19 of the 23 patients before operation. No major postoperative metabolic abnormalities were noted in any of the 23 patients. Thirteen of the 23 patients underwent computed tomography to evaluate the etiology of their seizures; none had a significant intracerebral or extracerebral hematoma. This review suggests that an early postoperative seizure is unlikely to be due to a postoperative hematoma or to metabolic abnormality. The most common association in this series was with inadequate anticonvulsant prophylaxis. An approach to postoperative seizure prophylaxis and management is presented.

scholarly journals Symptomatic, radiological profile of patients with endobronchial aspergilosis: a descriptive study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 3598
Author(s):  
Abdul Azeez A. M. ◽  
Deepak U. G.
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Past History ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Tracheobronchial Tree ◽  
Aspergillus Species ◽  
Fibreoptic Bronchoscopy ◽  
Fungus Ball ◽  
Rare Manifestation ◽  
Respiratory Pathology ◽  
History Of

Background: Aspergillosis is a common presentation, involving respiratory system and is usually seen as a fungus ball that colonizes and grows into a pre-existing lung cavity, in the majority of cases secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis (PT). An endobronchial aspergilloma (EBA) is a rare disease, and another, but unusual, presentation of aspergillosis, characterized by the growth of Aspergillus species into the bronchial lumen. These two different presentations of aspergillosis can co-exist in the same patient. endobronchial aspergillosis, a variant of invasive aspergillus tracheobronchitis, a rare manifestation, where disease is limited to tracheobronchial tree without invasion of lung parenchyma and in many cases incidentally diagnosed, in a patient who had undergone a bronchoscopy to investigate haemoptysis, or for another reason.Methods: Patients who were attending respiratory OPD with symptoms of cough with expectoration with immune compromised status or previous history of tuberculosis with abnormal chest X-ray were subjected to chest CT scan, with abnormal endobronchial mass in CT scan were further investigated with fibreoptic bronchoscopy and histopathological examination.Results: 16 patients were diagnosed as endobronchial aspergilloma of which 11 patients were having past history of tuberculosis, 9 patients were having type 2 diabetes mellitus on treatment, 2 were having cardiac disease.Conclusions: IATB is a rare manifestation caused by Aspergillus species affecting people with immunocompromised status or previous respiratory pathology like tuberculosis leading to formation of mass like growth obstructing the airway lead to respiratory distress and it should be taken as differential diagnosis in patients with previous respiratory pathology presented with mass like growth in bronchi.

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