scholarly journals Morphological Study of the Anterior Surface of the Distal Radius

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho-Jung Cho ◽  
Soyeon Kim ◽  
Dai-Soon Kwak
Keyword(s):  
Distal Radius ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Wrist Fracture ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Anterior Surface ◽  
Korean Adult ◽  
Intermediate Section ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fracture Surgery ◽  
Coronal View

The shape of the anterior surface of the distal radius is important for designing a distal radius plate for wrist fracture surgery. The aim of this study was to describe the shape of the anterior surface of the distal radius and to compare the results between female and male. We used 90 sides from three-dimensional radial models based on computer tomography images from Korean adult cadavers for this study. The anterior surface was measured in two dimensions in the coronal view, and we sectioned the anterior surface of the models to obtain intermediate and radial sections to measure the curved shape of the anterior surface in sagittal view. Several parameters were statistically different between females and males; however, there were no differences between the right and left sides for any parameters. The width of the anterior surface in the coronal view was larger in males than females, and the curved part of the anterior surface of the males was longer and more concave than that of females. In both the female and male specimens, the intermediate section was longer and more concave than the radial section. Our results are useful for anthropological studies and for designing distal radial plates.

scholarly journals A three-dimensional virtual morphometry study of the sigmoid notch of the distal radius

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 230949901880250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin Shivdas ◽  
MS Hashim ◽  
T Sara Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Distal Radius ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Ulnar Head ◽  
Sigmoid Notch ◽  
Morphological Variants ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ulnar Head Prosthesis ◽  
Ethnic Variations ◽  
Morphological Patterns

Purpose: Our primary objectives were to create a reliable, noninvasive method for three-dimensional morphometry of deep bony parameters within the sigmoid notch of the distal radius, to identify its morphological patterns, and to identify any significant variation between the left and the right wrists. Our secondary objectives were to obtain morphometric values that could represent our population and to identify any possible ethnic variations. Methods: Computed tomography scans of 102 wrists from 51 healthy individuals were analyzed using a virtualization software. Four anatomical parameters at the distal radius sigmoid notch, namely, the radius of curvature, depth, version angle, and sagittal slope were measured. Morphological patterns of the sigmoid notch surface were identified. The results were statistically analyzed to assess the reliability of the technique and were compared with previously published literature. Results: Comparing our findings with previously published values, our study revealed a slightly larger radius of curvature and sagittal slope, while revealing a smaller depth and version. We identified the S-type, C-type, and ski-slope morphological variants. The flat-face morphological variant, however, was not identified. The sigmoid notch at the left and right wrists were similar, except for the radius of curvature. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a noninvasive, fast, reliable, and reproducible technique for analyzing the sigmoid notch of the distal radius. In wrist injuries with intact distal radius sigmoid notch but involving comminuted fractures of the ulnar head, ulnar head replacement may be indicated. In such cases, analysis of the ipsilateral intact sigmoid notch would allow us to prepare an ulnar head prosthesis of appropriate size.

Contextualizing Multiculturalism: A Three Dimensional Examination of Multicultural Claims

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 309-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gila Stopler
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Orthodox Jews ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Cultural Minorities ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
The Right ◽  
Nancy Fraser ◽  
Multicultural Theory

The emergence of multicultural theory and of claims of recognition by cultural, ethnic, and national minorities has brought to the forefront previously neglected aspects of the right to equality. However, when judged on their own, claims for recognition stand the risk of failing to fully capture, and even distorting, the meaning of equality. I suggest that in order to avoid this risk, multicultural claims need to be contextualized. Employing Nancy Fraser’s framework of two dimensions of justice—recognition and redistribution—and adding a third dimension—political participation, I suggest a framework for a contextualized assessment of multicultural claims that allows us to properly and fully assess their validity. I then go on to employ this framework on the claims of Israel’s two most significant cultural minorities—the Palestinian Arabs and the Ultra Orthodox Jews. I show how the use of the suggested framework helps to expose the considerable differences between these two cultural minorities, and consequently the notable difference in the merits of their claims, a difference that would have otherwise gone undetected.

scholarly journals The Efficiency of Using Mirror Imaged Topography in Fellow Eyes Analyses of Pentacam HR Data

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2132
Author(s):  
Arwa Fathy ◽  
Bernardo T. Lopes ◽  
Renato Ambrósio ◽  
Richard Wu ◽  
Ahmed Abass
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Anterior Surface ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Healthy Participants ◽  
Corneal Apex ◽  
Tomography Data ◽  
Research Analysis ◽  
Fellow Eyes

Purpose: To investigate the effectiveness of flipping left corneas topography and analysethem quantitively along with fellow right corneas based on the assumption that they are mirror images of each other. Methods: The study involved scanning both eyes of 177 healthy participants (aged 35.3 ± 15.8) and 75 keratoconic participants (aged 33.9 ± 17.8). Clinical tomography data were collected for both eyes using the Pentacam HR and processed by a fully automated custom-built MATLAB code. For every case, the right eye was used as a datum fixed surface while the left cornea was flipped around in the superior–inferior direction. In this position, the root-mean-squared difference (RMS) between the flipped left cornea and the right cornea was initially determined for both the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces. Next, the iterative closest point transformation algorithm was applied on the three-dimensional flipped cornea to allow the flipped left corneal anterior surface to translate and rotate, minimising the difference between it and the right corneal anterior surface. Then, the RMS differences were recalculated and compared. Results: A comparison of the dioptric powers showed a significant difference between the RMS of both the flipped left eyes and the right eyes in the healthy and the KC groups (p < 0.001). The RMS of the surfaces of the flipped left corneas and the right corneas was 0.6 ± 0.4 D among the healthy group and 4.1 ± 2.3 among the KC group. After transforming the flipped left corneas, the RMS was recorded as 0.5 ± 0.3 D and 2.4 ± 2 D among the healthy and KC groups, respectively. Conclusions: Although fellow eyes are highly related in their clinical parameters, they should be treated with care when one eye topography is flipped and processed with the other eye topography in an optic-related research analysis where translation might be needed. In KC, an asymmetric disease, it was observed that a portion of the asymmetry was due to a corneal apex shift interfering with the image acquisition. Therefore, transforming the flipped left eyes by rotation and translation results in a fairer comparison between the fellow KC corneas.

Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy and Three-Dimesnsional Reconstruction of the Mitotic Spindles of Unequally Dividing Embryonic Cells

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-167
Author(s):  
J. Holy ◽  
G. Schatten
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Mitotic Spindle ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Embryonic Cells ◽  
Mitotic Spindles ◽  
Cleavage Division ◽  
Scanning Confocal Microscopy

One of the classic limitations of light microscopy has been the fact that three dimensional biological events could only be visualized in two dimensions. Recently, this shortcoming has been overcome by combining the technologies of laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and computer processing of microscopical data by volume rendering methods. We have employed these techniques to examine morphogenetic events characterizing early development of sea urchin embryos. Specifically, the fourth cleavage division was examined because it is at this point that the first morphological signs of cell differentiation appear, manifested in the production of macromeres and micromeres by unequally dividing vegetal blastomeres.The mitotic spindle within vegetal blastomeres undergoing unequal cleavage are highly polarized and develop specialized, flattened asters toward the micromere pole. In order to reconstruct the three-dimensional features of these spindles, both isolated spindles and intact, extracted embryos were fluorescently labeled with antibodies directed against either centrosomes or tubulin.

Three-Dimensional Versus Radiographic Measurements for Analyzing Extra-Articular Distal Radius Malunion

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 984.e1-984.e7
Author(s):  
Lionel Athlani ◽  
Audrey Chenel ◽  
Philippe Berton ◽  
Romain Detammaecker ◽  
Gilles Dautel
Keyword(s):  
Distal Radius ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Radiographic Measurements ◽  
Distal Radius Malunion ◽  
Radius Malunion

scholarly journals Free partition functions and an averaged holographic duality

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Afkhami-Jeddi ◽  
Henry Cohn ◽  
Thomas Hartman ◽  
Amirhossein Tajdini
Keyword(s):  
Partition Function ◽  
Spectral Gap ◽  
Central Charge ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Partition Functions ◽  
General Constraints ◽  
Dimensional Gravity ◽  
Holographic Duality

Abstract We study the torus partition functions of free bosonic CFTs in two dimensions. Integrating over Narain moduli defines an ensemble-averaged free CFT. We calculate the averaged partition function and show that it can be reinterpreted as a sum over topologies in three dimensions. This result leads us to conjecture that an averaged free CFT in two dimensions is holographically dual to an exotic theory of three-dimensional gravity with U(1)c×U(1)c symmetry and a composite boundary graviton. Additionally, for small central charge c, we obtain general constraints on the spectral gap of free CFTs using the spinning modular bootstrap, construct examples of Narain compactifications with a large gap, and find an analytic bootstrap functional corresponding to a single self-dual boson.

Turbulent three-dimensional dielectric electrohydrodynamic convection between two plates

2012 ◽  
Vol 696 ◽  
pp. 228-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kourmatzis ◽  
J. S. Shrimpton
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Turbulent Regime ◽  
Scalar Flux ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scalar Variance

AbstractThe fundamental mechanisms responsible for the creation of electrohydrodynamically driven roll structures in free electroconvection between two plates are analysed with reference to traditional Rayleigh–Bénard convection (RBC). Previously available knowledge limited to two dimensions is extended to three-dimensions, and a wide range of electric Reynolds numbers is analysed, extending into a fully inherently three-dimensional turbulent regime. Results reveal that structures appearing in three-dimensional electrohydrodynamics (EHD) are similar to those observed for RBC, and while two-dimensional EHD results bear some similarities with the three-dimensional results there are distinct differences. Analysis of two-point correlations and integral length scales show that full three-dimensional electroconvection is more chaotic than in two dimensions and this is also noted by qualitatively observing the roll structures that arise for both low (${\mathit{Re}}_{E} = 1$) and high electric Reynolds numbers (up to ${\mathit{Re}}_{E} = 120$). Furthermore, calculations of mean profiles and second-order moments along with energy budgets and spectra have examined the validity of neglecting the fluctuating electric field ${ E}_{i}^{\ensuremath{\prime} } $ in the Reynolds-averaged EHD equations and provide insight into the generation and transport mechanisms of turbulent EHD. Spectral and spatial data clearly indicate how fluctuating energy is transferred from electrical to hydrodynamic forms, on moving through the domain away from the charging electrode. It is shown that ${ E}_{i}^{\ensuremath{\prime} } $ is not negligible close to the walls and terms acting as sources and sinks in the turbulent kinetic energy, turbulent scalar flux and turbulent scalar variance equations are examined. Profiles of hydrodynamic terms in the budgets resemble those in the literature for RBC; however there are terms specific to EHD that are significant, indicating that the transfer of energy in EHD is also attributed to further electrodynamic terms and a strong coupling exists between the charge flux and variance, due to the ionic drift term.

Simulation of small-angle scattering curves by numerical Fourier transformation

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Schmidt-Rohr
Keyword(s):  
Form Factor ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Fourier Transformation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Power Laws ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Peak Position ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Correlation Peak ◽  
Scattering Intensity

A simple numerical approach for calculating theq-dependence of the scattering intensity in small-angle X-ray or neutron scattering (SAXS/SANS) is discussed. For a user-defined scattering density on a lattice, the scattering intensityI(q) (qis the modulus of the scattering vector) is calculated by three-dimensional (or two-dimensional) numerical Fourier transformation and spherical summation inqspace, with a simple smoothing algorithm. An exact and simple correction for continuous rather than discrete (lattice-point) scattering density is described. Applications to relatively densely packed particles in solids (e.g.nanocomposites) are shown, where correlation effects make single-particle (pure form-factor) calculations invalid. The algorithm can be applied to particles of any shape that can be defined on the chosen cubic lattice and with any size distribution, while those features pose difficulties to a traditional treatment in terms of form and structure factors. For particles of identical but potentially complex shapes, numerical calculation of the form factor is described. Long parallel rods and platelets of various cross-section shapes are particularly convenient to treat, since the calculation is reduced to two dimensions. The method is used to demonstrate that the scattering intensity from `randomly' parallel-packed long cylinders is not described by simple 1/qand 1/q4power laws, but at cylinder volume fractions of more than ∼25% includes a correlation peak. The simulations highlight that the traditional evaluation of the peak position overestimates the cylinder thickness by a factor of ∼1.5. It is also shown that a mix of various relatively densely packed long boards can produceI(q) ≃ 1/q, usually observed for rod-shaped particles, without a correlation peak.

scholarly journals Right-sided Bochdalek hernia in an adult with hepatic malformation and intestinal malrotation

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Enomoto ◽  
Kazuhiko Yamada ◽  
Daiki Kato ◽  
Shusuke Yagi ◽  
Hitomi Wake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
3D Simulation ◽  
Diaphragmatic Defect ◽  
Intestinal Malrotation ◽  
Intestinal Loop ◽  
Bochdalek Hernia ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Bochdalek hernia is a common congenital diaphragmatic defect that usually manifests with cardiopulmonary insufficiency in neonates. It is very rare in adults, and symptomatic cases are mostly left-sided. Diaphragmatic defects generally warrant immediate surgical intervention to reduce the risk of incarceration or strangulation of the displaced viscera. Case presentation A 47-year-old woman presented with dyspnea on exertion. Computed tomography revealed that a large part of the intestinal loop with superior mesenteric vessels and the right kidney were displaced into the right thoracic cavity. Preoperative three-dimensional (3D) simulation software visualized detailed anatomy of displaced viscera and the precise location and size of the diaphragmatic defect. She underwent elective surgery after concomitant pulmonary hypertension was stabilized preoperatively. The laparotomic approach was adopted. Malformation of the liver and the presence of intestinal malrotation were confirmed during the operation. The distal part of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, and right kidney were reduced into the abdominal cavity consecutively. A large-sized oval defect was closed with monofilament polypropylene mesh. No complications occurred postoperatively. Conclusion Symptomatic right-sided Bochdalek hernia in adults is exceedingly rare and is frequently accompanied by various visceral anomalies. Accurate diagnosis and appropriate surgical repair are crucial to prevent possible incarceration or strangulation. The preoperative 3D simulation provided comprehensive information on anatomy and concomitant anomalies and helped surgeons plan the operation meticulously and perform procedures safely.

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