scholarly journals Infant Exposure to Metals through Consumption of Formula Feeding in Mekelle, Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadele Eticha ◽  
Melat Afrasa ◽  
Getu Kahsay ◽  
Hailekiros Gebretsadik
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Infant Exposure ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Risk Indices ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Cadmium Lead

This study aimed at determination of heavy metals (cadmium, lead, and zinc) in milk-based infant formulas collected from Mekelle, Ethiopia, and their associated health risks to the infants through consumption of these products. The infant feeding samples were dry-ashed in a muffle furnace followed by digestion in nitric acid and the resulting solutions were analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Cadmium was not detected in the samples while the levels of lead and zinc ranged from not detected value to 0.103 mg/kg and from 27.888 to 71.553 mg/kg, respectively. The estimated daily intake values and the health risk indices of both metals were below their respective safety limits and the threshold of 1, respectively. These findings show low infant health risk of these metals through consumption of these products. Nevertheless, regular monitoring of infant formula for toxic metals is required since infants are potentially more susceptible to metals.

scholarly journals Human Health Risk Assessment of Trace Metals in the Commonly Consumed Fish Species in Nakuru Town, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117863022091712
Author(s):  
Felly Esilaba ◽  
Wilkister Nyaora Moturi ◽  
Millicent Mokua ◽  
Terewe Mwanyika
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Target Hazard Quotient ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer

The present study was conducted to determine daily intake of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb) and to assess noncarcinogenic human health risk caused by these trace metals in the commonly consumed fish species ( Oreochromis niloticus, Rastrineobola argentea, Lates niloticus, and Protopterus aethiopicus) in Nakuru town, Kenya. Trace metal determination in the composite samples of the commonly consumed fish species was done using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Cd, Cu, and Pb content in the muscle tissues of the commonly consumed fish species ranged from 0.11 ± 0.045 to 1.11 ± 0.931 mg kg−1 for Cd, 0.48 ± 0.013 to 3.00 ± 0.009 mg kg−1 for Cu, and 3.42 ± 0.045 to 12.78 ± 0.108 mg kg−1 for Pb. Cu concentrations were within Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) recommended limits for this trace metal in fish. In contrast, Cd and Pb had values above their respective permissible limits in fish. The assessment of human exposure to trace metals indicated that exposure doses of Cd and Cu were safe for fish consumers. Conversely, target hazard quotient (THQ) values of Pb suggested possible health risks for consumers of the commonly consumed fish species in Nakuru town, Kenya.

Determination of Lead Content in Red Colored Lipsticks from Mandalay Market by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-173
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lead Content ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Allowable Limit ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Exposure Levels

Red colored lipstick is the most widely used cosmetic product. Although lipstick gives a lot of social, psychological and therapeutic benefits, it may harm the consumers. Because some lipsticks contain a considerable amount of heavy metal especially lead. Lead is being used in lipstick mainly for the pigments required to obtain needed colors. Lead accumulates in the body over time and lead-containing lipstick applied several times a day, every day, combined with lead in water and other sources, could add up to significant exposure levels. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine lead content in red colored lipsticks from market. This study was laboratorybased, analytical study by using 25 lipstick samples. Red colored lipsticks were bought from Mandalay Market by random sampling procedure and they were completely coded to avoid the bias. Then, lead content in coded samples was determined by Flame AAS according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guideline. Lead contents of 88% of the lipsticks samples were more than specified limit (20 ppm) of Food and Drug Administration, United States. All of them, lead content was highest in counterfeit lipsticks group. Among the tested lipstick samples, lipstick with lowest lead content was LE-RL 01 (15.74 ppm) and the lipstick with highest lead content was CF-RL 01(60.09 ppm). In conclusion, lead contents of red colored lipsticks (22 out of 25) from market samples were higher than allowable limit (20 ppm).

scholarly journals Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) in Soils and Bulbs of Elephant Garlic (Allium ampeloprasum L.) Grown in Valdichiana, a Traditional Cultivation Area of Tuscany, Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 7023
Author(s):  
Vannini Andrea ◽  
Martina Grattacaso ◽  
Giulia Canali ◽  
Francesco Nannoni ◽  
Luigi Antonello Di Lella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Allium Ampeloprasum ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Risk Indices ◽  
High Concentrations

The aim of this study was to provide, for the first time, data on the concentration of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in soils and bulbs of elephant garlic (Allium ampeloprasum L.) cultivated in Valdichiana, a traditional agricultural area of Tuscany, Italy. Bulbs of elephant garlic and soil samples were collected in four cultivation fields and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine the concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb, Tl, U, V, Zn. The concentrations of these PTEs in bulbs and cultivation soils were used to calculate geochemical, ecological and health risk indices. The results of this study suggest that, although bulbs of elephant garlic from the Valdichiana area may present slightly high concentrations of Cd, Ni and Pb, the associated health risk based on the daily intake is absolutely negligible. Cultivation soils had somewhat high Cu concentrations probably due to the diffuse use of Cu-based products in agriculture, but showed overall a very low ecological risk.

scholarly journals Mercuric pollution of surface water, superficial sediments, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis nilotica Linnaeus 1758 [Cichlidae]) and yams (Dioscorea alata) in auriferous areas of Namukombe stream, Syanyonja, Busia, Uganda

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Omara ◽  
Shakilah Karungi ◽  
Raymond Kalukusu ◽  
BrendaVictoria Nakabuye ◽  
Sarah Kagoya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Dioscorea Alata ◽  
Estimated Daily Intake ◽  
Piscivorous Fish ◽  
Risk Indices ◽  
Us Epa ◽  
Adults And Children

The mercury content and the contamination characteristics of water, sediments, edible muscles of a non-piscivorous fish (Oreochromis nilotica Linnaeus 1758 [Cichlidae]) and yams (Dioscorea alata) from Namukombe stream in Busia gold district of Uganda were evaluated. Human health risk assessment from consumption of contaminated fish and yams as well as contact with contaminated sediments from the stream were performed. Forty-eight (48) samples of water (n = 12), sediments (n = 12), fish (n = 12) and yams (n = 12) were taken at intervals of 10 m from three gold recovery sites located at up, middle and down sluices of the stream and analyzed for total mercury (THg) using US EPA method 1631. Results (presented as means  ±  standard deviations) showed that water in the stream is polluted with mercury in the range of < detection limit to 1.21  ±  0.040 mg/L while sediments contain mean THg from < detection limit to 0.14  ±  0.040 ugg−1. Mean THg content of the edible muscles of O. nilotica ranged from < detection limit to 0.11 ± 0.014 ugg−1while D. alata contained from < detection limit to 0.30  ±  0.173 ugg−1mean THg. The estimated daily intake ranged from 0.0049 ugg−1day−1 to 0.0183 ugg−1day−1 and 0.0200 ugg−1day−1 to 0.0730 ugg−1day−1 for fish consumed by adults and children respectively. The corresponding health risk indices ranged from 0.0123 to 0.0458 and 0.0500 to 0.1830. Estimated daily intake was from 0.0042 ugg−1day−1 to 0.1279 ugg−1day−1 and 0.0130 ugg−1day−1 to 0.3940 ugg−1day−1 for D. alata consumed by adults and children respectively. The health risk indices recorded were from 0.011 to 0.320 and 0.033 to 0.985 for adults and children respectively. The mean THg content of the sediments, edible muscles of O. nilotica and D. alata were within acceptable WHO/US EPA limits. About 91.7% of the water samples had mean THg above US EPA maximum permissible limit for mercury in drinking water. Consumption of D. alata grown within 5 m radius up sluice of Namukombe stream may pose deleterious health risks as reflected by the health risk index of 0.985 being very close to one. From the pollution and risk assessments, mercury use should be delimited in Syanyonja artisanal gold mining areas. A solution to abolish mercury-based gold mining in the area needs to be sought as soon as possible to avert the accentuating health, economic and ecological disaster arising from the continuous discharge of mercury into the surrounding areas. Other mercury-free gold recovering methods such as use of borax, sluice boxes and direct panning should be encouraged. Waste management system for contaminated wastewater, used mercury bottles and tailings should be centralized.

scholarly journals Bio-Accessibility and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Indoor Dust From Higher Institutions in Ondo State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omoyemi Oluwatosin Ajayi ◽  
Abdullahi Tunde Aborode ◽  
Joshua Iseoluwa Orege ◽  
Tolulope Oyelekan Oyewumi ◽  
Amina Othmani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Indoor Dust ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Exposure Pathway ◽  
Ondo State

Abstract Quality of indoor air has been a major concern over time particularly in urban areas. Amidst the indoor air parameters, particulate matter/dust is of core interest owing to the fact that it acts as sediment for metals and other pollutants. Considering the ample amount of time spent indoor by students, this study has been mapped out to investigate the quality of air in tertiary institutions in Ondo State, Nigeria based on their proximity to more anthropogenic activities. Herein, pH, conductivity, and anion concentrations in the indoor dust samples were estimated employing standard analytical methods. Our findings revealed a sequence of anion concentration level as follows, Cl−>SO42−>NO3−. Also, the concentrations of some selected metals were analyzed using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (FAAS). The variation in metal concentration observed in most study sites was in the order Cu > Zn > Cr > Pb > Cd. The mean heavy metal variation followed the trend based on the sample collection sites considered in the present study with FE > OA > FU > HT and Cu (0.480mg/kg), Zn (0.409mg/kg), Cr (0.407mg/kg), Pb (0.149mg/kg) and Cd (0.029mg/kg) being the highest concentration of each of the metals. However, all the metal concentrations were below the permissible level. The result from non-carcinogenic study indicates that the average daily dose (by ingestion) was found to be the core exposure pathway such that ADDing > ADDderm > ADDinh. Nevertheless, the hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) were less than 1. This implies that no potential health risk. More generally, a relative degree of safety and strict regulations is suggested to be put in place to maintain the status.

scholarly journals Health Risk Assessment and Determination of Some Heavy Metals in Commonly Consumed Traditional Herbal Preparations in Northeast Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mihreteab Meseret ◽  
Gebremariam Ketema ◽  
Haile Kassahun
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Permissible Limit ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Herbal Preparations ◽  
Northeast Ethiopia

Background. Most traditional medicines were prepared from plant origins. These plants could be contaminated by heavy metals, pesticides, and/or toxins. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the level of heavy metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and copper (Cu) in frequently used traditional herbal preparations sold in Northeast Ethiopia and to estimate their health risks associated with their daily intake. Methods. A total of 6 traditional herbal preparations were randomly collected from local herbal shops of Dessie and Kombolcha town, Northeast Ethiopia. The samples were prepared for analysis by wet digestion method using nitric acid and hydrochloric acid treatment. The accuracy of the method was analyzed by the spike recovery test. Determination of Pb, Cd, Cr, and Cu by microwave plasma atomic emission spectroscopy was made in herbal preparations traditionally used in Dessie and Kombolcha town, Northeast Ethiopia. By calculating estimated daily intake (EDI), hazard quotients (HQ), and Hazard Index (HI) of metals, the health risk associated with the consumption of the analyzed herbal preparations was also evaluated. Results. The levels of heavy metals were in the range of 3.0–3.92 mg/kg for Pb, 5.35–10.7 mg/kg for Cr, and 0.815–12.3 mg/kg for Cu. However, cadmium was not detected in any of the traditional herbal preparations. This study revealed that the level of Pb and Cu in all analyzed samples was within the WHO maximum permissible limit of 10 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg, respectively. The level of Cr in all traditional herbal preparations was beyond the WHO maximum permissible limit (2 mg/kg). From the health point of view, the HQ value of Cr for KD-03 and KD-04 is greater than 1, suggesting potential health risk. Furthermore, the HI value had revealed that the consumption of KD-02, KD-03, and KD-04 samples had the potential of posing health risks to consumers over long-term consumption of herbal preparations. Conclusion. This study showed that most of the metal concentration levels in the herbal products were within the WHO maximum permissible limits. However, all samples had Cr levels above the WHO maximum permissible limit. Based on the results of this study, there would be a noncarcinogenic health risk to the consumer associated with the consumption of some herbal preparations marketed in Northeast Ethiopia.

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