scholarly journals The Effects of Tooth Brushing on Whole Salivary Flow Rate in Older Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Affoo ◽  
K. Trottier ◽  
R. Garrick ◽  
T. Mascarenhas ◽  
Y. Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Rate Increase ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Tooth Brushing ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Flow Rate Increase

Objectives. (1) To determine whether manual (MTB), or electric, tooth brushing (ETB) modulates whole salivary flow rate in older adults who are free of systemic disease. (2) To determine the duration of the brushing-related modulation of salivary flow rate. (3) To compare salivary flow rate modulation associated with MTB and ETB. Method. Twenty-one adults aged 60 years and older participated in two experimental sessions during which they used a manual, or electric, toothbrush to brush their teeth, tongue, and palate. Whole salivary flow rates were determined using the draining method before, during, and after brushing. Differences in salivary flow rates across time periods, and between conditions, were examined using paired samples t-tests applying a Holm-Bonferroni sequential procedure (pcorr<0.0045). The relationship between tooth brushing and age with respect to maximum salivary flow rate increase was examined using Pearson’s correlation coefficient (p<0.05). Results/Conclusion. Whole salivary flow rates increased during, and for up to 5 minutes following, tooth brushing in adults aged 60 years and older who were free of systemic disease. The salivary effects of MTB and ETB were not significantly different. A moderate, positive correlation was observed between tooth-brushing-related maximum salivary flow rate increase and age.

scholarly journals Prevalence of root caries in relation to various risk factors in a sample of subjects aged (25-64) years in Erbil city: A cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Tara Talib ◽  
Vian Majeed
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Tooth Brushing ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Plaque Index ◽  
Root Caries ◽  
Gingival Index

Backgrounds: Root surface caries is a significant oral public health problem among humans' due to improvements in health care, long life expectancy, and increasing demand to maintain oral health. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of root caries in subjects in Erbil city and its relation to various risk factors. Subjects and methods: The study was conducted in twelve primary health care centers in different directions of the city. A total of 2600 subjects (1352 males and 1248 females) attending these centers aged 25-64 years old were examined. The following clinical parameters were evaluated: root caries index, plaque index, gingival index, unstimulated salivary flow rate, other related factors as behavioral habits, oral practices, and educational level were assessed by means of multiple choice questionnaires by direct interview. Results: The results of this study showed that the prevalence of root caries was (22.3%) and the mean value of root caries was (33.650±16.504) in the whole sample with statistically significant age differences of both. Males were more prevalent in root surface caries than females with significant differences. Results showed that the mandibular teeth were more affected than the maxillary teeth, and that mandibular first molars were the mostly affected teeth by root caries. Prevalence of root caries was significantly associated with these risk factors: gingival index, plaque index, unstimulated salivary flow rate, educational level, wearing removable partial dentures, frequency of snacks, tooth brushing and frequency of tooth brushing, systemic disease and use of medication, while the results showed no association between prevalence of root caries and smoking. Conclusions: The results indicate that adults and older aged individuals in Erbil city have a high prevalence of root caries and high experience of root caries as expressed by root caries index and the prevalence of root caries was associates with these risk factors: Gingival index, Plaque index, unstimulated salivary flow rate, educational level, wearing removable partial dentures, frequency of snacks, tooth brushing and frequency of tooth brushing, systemic disease and use of medication while there was no association with smoking. Keywords: Root caries, Risk factors, Root caries index, Unstimulated salivary flow rate, Behavioral habits.

Association Between Salivary Flow Rate and the Use of Systemic Medication Among 76-, 81-, and 86-year-old Inhabitants in Helsinki, Finland

1992 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 1875-1880 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.O. Narhi ◽  
J.H. Meurman ◽  
A. Ainamo ◽  
J.M. Nevalainen ◽  
K.G. Schmidt-Kaunisaho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Systemic Medication ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Saliva Flow

The aim of this study was to examine salivary flow rate and its association with the use of medication in a representative sample of 76-, 81-, and 86-year-old subjects, totaling 368. In this study, 23% (n = 80) of the subjects were unmedicated. From one to three daily medications were used by 47% (n = 168) and more than four medications by 30% (n = 104). The most commonly used medications were nitrates, digitalis or anti-arrhythmic drugs (47.7%), analgesics and antipyretics (32.6%), and diuretics (29.5%). The mean number used daily was significantly higher in 86-year-olds than in the two younger age groups (p < 0.01). No significant differences in this respect were found between genders. Among the unmedicated subjects, 76-year-olds had significantly higher stimulated salivary flow rates than did the 81-year-olds (p < 0.05). Unmedicated women showed significantly lower unstimulated (p < 0.01) and stimulated flow rates than did men (p < 0.05). Stimulated salivary flow rate was also significantly higher in the 76-year-old medicated subjects than in the medicated 86-year-old subjects (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found in unstimulated salivary flow rates among the three age groups. Medicated women showed significantly lower unstimulated salivary flow rates than men (p < 0.001), although the difference in stimulated saliva flow was not significant. A statistically significant difference in unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rates was found between unmedicated persons and those who took from four to six, or more than seven, prescribed medications daily.

Comparison of Whole Saliva Flow Rates and Mucin Concentrations in Healthy Caucasian Young and Aged Adults

1992 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1275-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Navazesh ◽  
R.A. Mulligan ◽  
V. Kipnis ◽  
P.A. Denny ◽  
P.C. Denny
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Young Group ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Aged Group ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Saliva Flow

Unstimulated and chewing-stimulated whole saliva samples were obtained from 42 healthy Caucasians; 21 were between 18 and 35 years of age, and 21 between 65 and 83 years of age. The unstimulated salivary flow rate was significantly lower in the aged group, but the stimulated flow rate was significantly higher in the aged than in the young group. Both groups showed significantly increased flow during salivary stimulation. MG1 and MG2 concentrations in unstimulated and stimulated saliva samples were significantly lower in the aged group. There were no significant correlations between salivary flow rates and MG1 and MG2 concentrations.

scholarly journals Variations of salivary flow rates in Brazilian school children

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Regina Torres ◽  
Marcio Nucci ◽  
Estevão Milanos ◽  
Renata Pessoa Pereira ◽  
Alessandra Massaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
School Children ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Whole Saliva

The salivary flow rate (SFR) in healthy individuals may vary according to different factors. There is a scarcity of studies from different geographical areas that analyze SFR variations in children. The aim of this study was to verify stimulated salivary flow rate (SFR) variations in 6 to 12-year-old children, from four different public schools of Rio de Janeiro and correlate these data to gender, age, type of dentition, and health status. Clinical data were taken from the children's medical records that were kept at those schools. Oral examination and sialometry were performed in every child. Salivary flow rate was obtained by chewing-stimulated whole saliva under standard conditions. There were significant differences in SFR according to age (p = 0.0003). Six and 12-year-old children showed the lowest SFR, and when they were excluded from the analysis, no significant differences were found (p = 0.21). There were also significant differences in SFR among children from different public schools (p = 0.0009). The gender did not show any correlation to SFR, even when children were stratified by age (p = 0.36). Correlation between SFR and deciduous, mixed or permanent dentition was not found as well. These results show that the analyzed clinical variables did not seem to influence SFR in this children population.

Studies on Fluoride Concentrations in Human Submandibular/Sublingual Saliva and their Relation to Flow Rate and Plasma Fluoride Levels

1989 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Oliveby ◽  
F. Lagerlof ◽  
J. Ekstrand ◽  
C. Dawes
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Impression Material ◽  
Collection Device ◽  
Unstimulated Saliva ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gustatory Stimulation ◽  
Highly Correlated

Submandibular/sublingual saliva and blood were collected from five subjects after ingestion of 1 mg fluoride as NaF. An individual collection device, made from a silicone impression material, was used to collect the saliva in 10-minute samples, before and during 2 hr after the fluoride intake. In two separate experiments on each individual, submandibular/sublingual saliva was collected continuously at different flow rates: without stimulation and with gustatory stimulation. Blood was also collected at intervals throughout the experiments. The concentration of fluoride in the submandibularlsublingual saliva was less than that in the plasma but independent of salivary flow rate. The ratio between the saliva and plasma fluoride concentrations at the peak of the mean plasma fluoride concentrations was 0.55 ± 0.13 and 0.69 ± 0.11 in the experiments on unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rate, respectively. The total amount of the ingested fluoride dose that was excreted through the submandibular/sublingual glands during 130 min was highly correlated with the salivary flow rate. The fraction of the ingested fluoride dose excreted in 2 hr was 0.04 ± 0.02% in the unstimulated saliva and 0.15 ± 0.09% in the stimulated saliva.

scholarly journals Salivary Flow Rates of Nigerian Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Case-control Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elijah Olufemi Oyetola ◽  
Foluso John Owotade ◽  
Gbemisola Adewumi Agbelusi ◽  
Olawumi Fatusi ◽  
Abubakar Sanusi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Blood Creatinine

ABSTRACT Aims and objectives The study determined the relationship between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and changes in salivary flow and the complications of reduced salivary flow among African subjects with CKD compared with the controls. Materials and methods One hundred and eighty patients, 90 CKD and 90 controls were recruited, interviewed and examined. Stimulated and unstimulated saliva collection was done with standardized spitting method. Urinalysis and blood creatinine levels were determined and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of each patient was calculated from the blood creatinine using Cockcroft and Gault formula. Statistical analysis was done using STATA 11 software. Results The mean stimulated and unstimulated whole salivary flow rate among CKD subjects were 4.07 ± 1.91 and 2.34 ± 0.99 ml/5 min respectively and is significantly lower than that of the controls which were 8.05 ± 3.95 ml/5 min and 3.82 ± 2.27 ml/5 min for stimulated and unstimulated flow rates. Oral signs of reduced salivary flow were found in 80% of CKD patients. The commonest oral finding was taste abnormalities others are burning sensation, halitosis and difficulty in mastication. Conclusion Patients with CKD had reduced stimulated and unstimulated salivary flow rate. Reduced salivary flow was associated with oral lesions in majority (80%) of CKD patients, the commonest finding being taste abnormalities. How to cite this article Oyetola EO, Owotade FJ, Agbelusi GA, Fatusi O, Sanusi A, Adesina OM. Salivary Flow Rates of Nigerian Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Case-control Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(4):264-269.

scholarly journals Oral and systemic factors in xerostomia

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Sueli Marques SOARES ◽  
Raquel Lopes CAVALCANTI ◽  
Luiz Felipe Fernandes GONÇALVES ◽  
Ionária Oliveira de ASSIS
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Salivary Ph ◽  
Oral Symptoms

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship among the following features: hyposalivation, systemic diseases and drug use, oral symptoms, dental condition, salivary flow and salivary pH, as well. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed with 50 participants diagnosed with xerostomia, randomly selected and distributed in two groups: 25 with hyposalivation and 25 without hyposalivation, paired in age and sex. Unstimulated Salivary Flow Rate (USFR), Decayed, Missing, Filled, Teeth (DMFT) index and salivary pH were determined. The Mann-Whitney test and chi-square test were applied, considering significant for p-values <0.05. Results: Among the participants with hyposalivation, 88% used drugs and 96% presented systemic disease. And among those without hyposalivation, 48% used drugs and 64% presented systemic disease. The ones with hyposalivation showed the highest levels of dysgeusia (60%) and burn mouth (36%). There were statistically significant differences for the medians of USFR (0.08ml/minute / 0.2ml/minute) (p = 0.000), pH (6/7) (p = 0.000) and DMFT (22/17) (p = 0.004) obtained from participants with hyposalivation and without hyposalivation, respectively. Only in the group with hyposalivation there was a statistically significant association of unstimulated salivary flow rate with age (p = 0.035), type of systemic disease (p = 0.049) and pH (p=0.032) and DMFT demonstrated an association with systemic diseases (p = 0.015). Conclusion: The research results have suggested that hyposalivation worsens dental status triggering oral symptoms, and that salivary flow is influenced by the type of systemic disease and age group.

scholarly journals Salivary Flow Rate Before, During and After Insertion of Complete Denture in Different Age Group: a Comparative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Dibya Devkota ◽  
Suraj Ram Bhakta Mathema ◽  
Laxman Bhusal
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Complete Denture ◽  
Salivary Flow Rate ◽  
Complete Dentures ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean

Background: Increase in salivary flow accompanying complete denture insertion is a well-known phenomenon. Complete dentures act as a mechanical stimulant, increasing salivary flow after insertion. This study compares unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rates before, during, and after insertion of a complete denture in different age groups.Method: Forty subjects meeting inclusion criteria were selected. Unstimulated saliva was collected first. Stimulation was produced by chewing paraffin wax and collected of saliva in a graduated container. This procedure was carried out before insertion, during insertion, 24 hours after, and 7 days after insertion of complete dentures. The study data were entered, edited, and coded in Microsoft Excel. The unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rate was compared at different time intervals.Result: Unstimulated salivary rate was lowest before denture insertion with mean values of 0.27ml/minute. The highest flow rate was recorded during denture insertion (mean values of 0.60 ml/minute). The mean unstimulated salivary flow rate 24 hours after denture insertion was higher than 7 days after denture insertion. The mean stimulated salivary rate was lowest before denture insertion (mean values of 0.59 ml/minute). The highest flow rate was recorded during denture insertion (mean values of 0.93 ml/minute). There was a declining trend in salivary flow rate after denture insertion i.e. 0.86 ml/minute to 0.75ml/min after 24 hours and 7 days of denture insertion. A gradual decrease in salivary flow rate with an increase in age was noted but the association of age with salivary flow rates was not statistically significant.Conclusion: There was an increase in both unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rate after insertion of complete denture and age does not affect salivary flow rates before, during (immediately after), 24 hours after, and 7 days after denture insertion.

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